Feed aggregator
CONNECT_TIME with reset on action
We have an Oracle Forms / Database application and were asked to limit User's maximum online time to 15 minutes.
Following this, we set the profiles' CONNECT_TIME to 15 - this works well.
How is it possible to reset this if user does any action on frontend?
Maybee v$session.seconds_in_wait can help?
Thanks in advance
Helmut
Categories: DBA Blogs
PL/SQL package
Which PL/SQL package is primarily used for interacting with Generative AI services in Oracle Database 23ai?
DBMS_AI or DBMS_ML or DBMS_VECTOR_CHAIN or DBMS_GENAI?
Categories: DBA Blogs
Agent OEM 24ai
Hi there!
I've some trouble trying to upload data from agent to OMS server, everything seems correct but:
<b>emctl upload agent
Oracle Enterprise Manager 24ai Release 1
Copyright (c) 1996, 2024 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
---------------------------------------------------------------
EMD upload error:full upload has failed: uploadXMLFiles skipped :: OMS version not checked yet. If this issue persists check trace files for ping to OMS related errors. (OMS_DOWN)</b>
agent is running, OMS too, telnet from agent is:
telnet myserver.com 4903
Trying 10.8.0.65...
Connected to myserver.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
curl output:
curl -vk myserver.com:4903/empbs/upload
* Trying 10.8.0.65...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to myserver.com (10.8.0.**) port 4903 (#0)
* ALPN, offering h2
* ALPN, offering http/1.1
* successfully set certificate verify locations:
* CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
CApath: none
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server finished (14):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* SSL connection using TLSv1.2 / ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
* ALPN, server did not agree to a protocol
* Server certificate:
* subject: CN=myserver.com
* start date: Jul 10 16:57:40 2025 GMT
* expire date: Jul 9 16:57:40 2035 GMT
* issuer: O=EnterpriseManager on myserver.com; OU=EnterpriseManager on myserver.com; L=EnterpriseManager on myserver.com; ST=CA; C=US; CN=myserver.com
* SSL certificate verify result: self signed certificate in certificate chain (19), continuing anyway.
> GET /empbs/upload HTTP/1.1
> Host: myserver.com:4903
> User-Agent: curl/7.61.1
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Date: Wed, 03 Sep 2025 18:53:47 GMT
< X-ORCL-EM-APIGW-CONSOLIDATED-BY: apigateway
< X-ORCL-EM-APIGW-ERR: 0
< X-ORACLE-DMS-ECID: 21f06e98-2895-465a-b3f3-17be919babe9-00001673
< X-ORCL-EMOA: true
< X-ORCL-EM-APIGW-GUID: 6113d58d-fde2-8b19-f054-c5eee6216d13
< X-ORACLE-DMS-RID: 0
< Date: Wed, 03 Sep 2025 18:53:47 GMT
< Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
< X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
< X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
< Vary: Accept-Encoding
< Content-Length: 306
<
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>
Http XML File receiver
</TITLE></HEAD><BODY bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<H1>Http XML File receiver</H1>
<H2> Http Receiver Servlet active!</h2>
<H2> Product version is: 24ai </H2>
<H2> Product release version is: 24.1.0.0.0 </H2>
<H2> Core release version is: 24.1.0.0.0 </H2>
</BODY></HTML>
* Connection #0 to host myserver.com left intact
thank you very much!
Categories: DBA Blogs
General Question for your thought or Experience with the Outbox Pattern and viable alternatives
Question
We're evaluating different approaches to implement the Outbox Pattern in Oracle 19c for reliable event publishing in our microservices architecture, but we're concerned about the significant I/O overhead and performance implications. Could you provide guidance on the best practices and alternatives?
Current Implementation Options We're Considering
1. Traditional Polling Approach
Method: Standard outbox table with application polling using SELECT ... FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED
Concerns:
Constant polling creates unnecessary database load
Potential for high latency in event delivery
Resource consumption even when no events exist
2. Change Data Capture (CDC) with Debezium
Method: Using Debezium to mine Oracle redo logs for outbox table changes
Concerns:
Additional complexity in deployment and monitoring
Dependency on external CDC infrastructure
Potential log mining overhead on the database
3. Oracle Advanced Queuing (AQ) with Sharded Queues
Method: Leveraging Oracle's native messaging with 19c sharded queue improvements
Concerns:
Learning curve for development teams familiar with table-based approaches
Potential vendor lock-in
Queue management complexity
Primary Concerns
I/O Impact: All approaches seem to significantly increase database I/O:
Polling creates constant read operations
CDC requires continuous log scanning
Queuing systems add their own storage and processing overhead
Scalability: As our event volume grows, we're worried about:
Database performance degradation
Increased storage requirements for outbox/queue tables
Network bandwidth consumption
Specific Questions
Performance Optimization: What Oracle 19c specific features or configurations can minimize the I/O overhead of outbox pattern implementations?
Alternative Architectures: Are there Oracle-native alternatives to the traditional outbox pattern that provide similar transactional guarantees with better performance characteristics?
Hybrid Approaches: Would a combination approach (e.g., AQ for high-priority events, polling for batch operations) be advisable?
Monitoring and Tuning: What specific metrics should we monitor, and what tuning parameters are most critical for outbox pattern performance in Oracle 19c?
Resource Planning: How should we size our database resources (I/O capacity, storage, memory) when implementing outbox patterns at scale?
Environment Details
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition
Microservices architecture with moderate to high event volume
Requirements for exactly-once delivery semantics
Mixed OLTP and event-driven workloads
Any insights on Oracle-specific optimizations, alternative patterns, or architectural recommendations would be greatly appreciated.
Categories: DBA Blogs
Remote Procedure Call (RPC) Dependency Management - where is remote timestamp stored?
Hi AskTom Team!
According to https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/adfns/schema-object-dependency.html#GUID-B99E885E-900F-4F29-A188-A617A301FDCE :
"Whenever a procedure is compiled, its time stamp is recorded in the data dictionary."
Is it possible to see this recorded timestamp ?
Marcin
Categories: DBA Blogs
Bring the consecutive number(strat_val,end_val) record based on id as one record and add new record if the consecutive number is breaks down
Bring the consecutive number(strat_val,end_val) record based on id as one record and add new record if the consecutive number is breaks down
https://livesql.oracle.com/next/?compressed_code=H4sIAAAAAAAACo3PwQqCQBCA4fvCvsPcVBjBXTWLboXHCoLOMupCgm2wO%252Fr8oXbo1jKn%252BflgmM4ZYgNM7WiAjeemX3YpYikAAIYeZnLdk5yOVZbgVj2T42amEa6Py6m%252Bf7Ox%252FRrBTq%252FWOCmSoxTbDNYbxzBYfv%252BcmWmcjI8hoggV5gv%252FDwvchcEKVRYmlUZVBtIdqkMY1RlqHUbzEvMqkO6xWN9K0%252Fp2%252FgB1bHIywAEAAA%253D%253D&code_language=PL_SQL&code_format=false
<code>create table test_date
(
id varchar2(10),
start_val NUMBER,
end_val number
);</code>
input data :
<code>insert into test_date values( 'a',1,3);
insert into test_date values( 'a',4,6);
insert into test_date values( 'a',7,10);
insert into test_date values( 'a',12,15);
insert into test_date values( 'a',16,19);
insert into test_date values( 'a',20,22);
insert into test_date values( 'a',35,37);
insert into test_date values( 'a',38,40);</code>
output data:
'a' , 1, 10
'a' , 12, 19
'a' , 35 , 40
Categories: DBA Blogs
Materialized View Staleness Changes to NEEDS_COMPILE after DML
Why does DML on a materialized view's master table cause the materialized view staleness to change from FRESH to NEEDS_COMPILE? I would have thought it would have changed to STALE. My understanding about NEEDS_COMPILE is that it is supposed to reflect structural changes (DDL), so I must have some gap in my understanding because I am getting NEEDS_COMPILE when only performing DML (not DDL).
<code>SQL>column mview_name format a20
SQL>create table T ( id NUMBER
2 )
3 /
Table created.
SQL>insert into T ( id ) values ( 1 )
2 /
1 row created.
SQL>create materialized view T_MV
2 ( id
3 )
4 as select id
5 from T
6 /
Materialized view created.
SQL>select mview_name, staleness, compile_state, last_refresh_type from user_mviews where mview_name = 'T_MV'
2 /
MVIEW_NAME STALENESS COMPILE_STATE LAST_REF
-------------------- ------------------- ------------------- --------
T_MV FRESH VALID COMPLETE
SQL>select * from T_MV order by id
2 /
ID
-----------
1
SQL>insert into T ( id ) values ( 2 )
2 /
1 row created.
SQL>commit
2 /
Commit complete.
SQL>select mview_name, staleness, compile_state, last_refresh_type from user_mviews where mview_name = 'T_MV'
2 /
MVIEW_NAME STALENESS COMPILE_STATE LAST_REF
-------------------- ------------------- ------------------- --------
T_MV NEEDS_COMPILE NEEDS_COMPILE COMPLETE
SQL>select * from T_MV order by id
2 /
ID
-----------
1
SQL>begin
2 dbms_snapshot.refresh( list => user || '.T_MV'
3 , purge_option => 2
4 , atomic_refresh => false
5 , out_of_place => true
6 )
7 ;
8 end;
9 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>select mview_name, staleness, compile_state, last_refresh_type from user_mviews where mview_name = 'T_MV'
2 /
MVIEW_NAME STALENESS COMPILE_STATE LAST_REF
-------------------- ------------------- ------------------- --------
T_MV FRESH VALID COMPLETE
SQL>select * from T_MV order by id
2 /
ID
-----------
1
2
SQL>insert into T ( id ) values ( 3 )
2 /
1 row created.
SQL>commit
2 /
Commit complete.
SQL>select mview_name, staleness, compile_state, last_refresh_type from user_mviews where mview_name = 'T_MV'
2 /
MVIEW_NAME STALENESS COMPILE_STATE LAST_REF
-------------------- ------------------- ------------------- --------
T_MV NEEDS_COMPILE NEEDS_COMPILE ...
Categories: DBA Blogs
Materialized View USING TRUSTED CONSTRAINTS and staleness=UNKNOWN
It appears USING TRUSTED CONSTRAINTS causes a materialized view to have staleness=UNKNOWN when it would otherwise be FRESH.
Is it possible to have a materialized view with staleness=FRESH when USING TRUSTED CONSTRAINTS?
If not, would the optimizer be less likely to consider a materialized view with staleness=UNKNOWN for query rewrite if query_rewrite_integrity=TRUSTED and query_rewrite_enabled=TRUE? How about if query_rewrite_integrity=ENFORCED?
<code>SQL>column mview_name format a20
SQL>create table T ( id NUMBER
2 )
3 /
Table created.
SQL>insert into T ( id ) values ( 1 )
2 /
1 row created.
SQL>create materialized view T_MV
2 ( id
3 )
4 -- refresh using trusted constraints
5 as select id
6 from T
7 /
Materialized view created.
SQL>create materialized view T_trusted_MV
2 ( id
3 )
4 refresh using trusted constraints
5 as select id
6 from T
7 /
Materialized view created.
SQL>
SQL>select mview_name, staleness, compile_state, last_refresh_type from user_mviews where mview_name like 'T\_%MV' escape '\' order by 1
2 /
MVIEW_NAME STALENESS COMPILE_STATE LAST_REF
-------------------- ------------------- ------------------- --------
T_MV FRESH VALID COMPLETE
T_TRUSTED_MV UNKNOWN VALID COMPLETE
SQL>begin
2 dbms_snapshot.refresh( list => user || '.T_MV'
3 , purge_option => 2
4 , atomic_refresh => false
5 , out_of_place => true
6 )
7 ;
8 dbms_snapshot.refresh( list => user || '.T_TRUSTED_MV'
9 , purge_option => 2
10 , atomic_refresh => false
11 , out_of_place => true
12 )
13 ;
14 end;
15 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>select mview_name, staleness, compile_state, last_refresh_type from user_mviews where mview_name like 'T\_%MV' escape '\' order by 1
2 /
MVIEW_NAME STALENESS COMPILE_STATE LAST_REF
-------------------- ------------------- ------------------- --------
T_MV FRESH VALID COMPLETE
T_TRUSTED_MV UNKNOWN VALID COMPLETE
SQL>select * from T_MV order by id
2 /
ID
-----------
1
SQL>select * from T_trusted_MV order by id
2 /
ID
-----------
1
SQL>drop materialized view T_MV
2 /
Materialized ...
Categories: DBA Blogs
Returning rows in the order they were inserted
Hi Tom.
Is it possible to return rows from a table in the order that they were inserted?
I have an old query, pre 8.1.6, that always returned rows in the order they were inserted. Now, in version 8.1.7 & 9 they are returned in a seemingly random order.
Thanks
Categories: DBA Blogs
Viewing table partition compression
Hi tom,
I have a table with compression, also have partitions and subpartitions. You can see The create DDL on the below. As you can see all of my objects are compressed or nocompressed. Bu i can't see this information on the all_tables table. Compression ad compress_for is turning null. Why i can see the table is compressed on the DDL. What is the point on this issue.
<code>CREATE TABLE EFSSALES1
(
sale_id NUMBER,
sale_date DATE,
region VARCHAR2(10),
amount NUMBER
)
COMPRESS BASIC
PARTITION BY RANGE (sale_date)
SUBPARTITION BY HASH (region)
(
PARTITION sales_2024 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2025','DD-MON-YYYY'))
(
SUBPARTITION sp_east1 COMPRESS FOR OLTP,
SUBPARTITION sp_west1 NOCOMPRESS
),
PARTITION sales_2025 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2026','DD-MON-YYYY'))
(
SUBPARTITION sp_east2 COMPRESS FOR OLTP,
SUBPARTITION sp_west2 COMPRESS FOR OLTP
)
);
SELECT compression, COMPRESS_FOR FROM all_tables WHERE table_name = 'EFSSALES1' AND owner='COPYCATLIVE'</code>
Categories: DBA Blogs
Rman backup setup
Hello Tom,
I am wondering what is the benefit of using a recovery catalog over a control file? What are some of the decisions one should consider before going either way?
Please and thank you
Categories: DBA Blogs
Unable to use nested tables on my system
I am using Windows 11 64 bit / Oracle 19c .Everything works fine except when I create a nested table and associate it with my table as a column . I can neither query it nor drop the table . When I query I get a message that the connection to the database was reset and when I try to drop it I get a message as:
RA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kkpo_rcinfo_defstg:objnotfound], [78561], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
00600. 00000 - "internal error code, arguments: [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s]"
*Cause: This is the generic internal error number for Oracle program
exceptions. It indicates that a process has encountered a low-level,
unexpected condition. The first argument is the internal message
number. This argument and the database version number are critical in
identifying the root cause and the potential impact to your system.
How do I resolve this?
Categories: DBA Blogs
Pl/sql procedure freezes while fetching data from dblink
I encountered inexplicable freezing of pl/sql procedure while trying to fetch and insert data into table, however same operation runs successfully when called with sql query in any IDE.
I am trying to realise ETL process in data warehouse database.
I need to load data from a remote database's table into a local one, i have low privileges on the remote database meaning i cant tune network or create materialised view logs there.
Target table is 'long' and daily data that must be transferred is about one million rows 7 columns wide with mostly numeric data and no large objects.
I created db link and a simple view that represents remote table in local database and granted select privilege to <code>'DATAW'</code> schema designed for data storage.
In the <code>'DATAW'</code> i created a procedure for merging data into identical local table. Something like this:
<code>
create procedure merge_t_data
(p_days_offset in number)
as
begin
merge /*+ APPEND */ into t_data_local tgt
using (
select col_id, col2, ..., col7
from pdbadmin.v_data_remote
where updated_at >= trunc(sysdate) - interval '1' day * p_days _offset ) src on (tgt.col_id = src.col_id)
when matched then update
set ...
when not matched then
insert
...;
end;
</code>
When i run the procedure the session acquires wait event 'Sql*net message from dblink' or 'Sql*net more data from dblink' which stays the same forever.
When i check incoming traffic on the server while the procedure is running i see that it is not used at all.
<b>HOWEVER</b>
When i run the same merge operatiion using query like:
<code>
merge /*+ APPEND */ into t_data_local tgt
using (
select col_id, col2, ..., col7
from pdbadmin.v_data_remote
where updated_at >= trunc(sysdate) - interval '1' day * 3 ) src on (tgt.col_id = src.col_id)
when matched then update
set ...
when not matched then
insert
...;
</code>
it runs successfully: i see incoming traffic up to 2Mb, and query finishes after +-10 minutes.
I am the only user of the database, no other people works with it for now.
I have also tried inserting the data into temporary table; using fetch cursor bulk collect; running execute immediate in the procedure, result was the same - execution freezes.
Also worth mentioning that i also successfully realised ETL process for second table: it is much wider: daily data needed for transferring is about 50k rows and the number of collumns is more than 20. I did it with similar merge procedure that runs successfully unlike the previously discussed one.
I want to know if it is possible to achieve success in running my merge procedure for the 'long' table or what might be other solutions to this problem
Categories: DBA Blogs
implicitStatementCacheSize appears to leave open cursors
Hey Tom,
I have a Java application that runs thousands of different types of queries against an Oracle database millions of times. I wanted to save the query preparation time by using the oracle.jdbc.implicitStatementCacheSize JDBC property to cache prepared queries. But I easily end up with an error ORA-01000: maximum open cursors exceeded, even when running a single query at a time and reading it to completion.
In my mind, an open cursor represents a way to scroll through the results of a query via communication with the database server. I don't immediately see a correlation between a statement and a cursor beyond the idea that the statement yields a cursor when executed. But it appears to be deeper than that in the Oracle JDBC driver.
See the following example code that can quickly reproduce what I am experiencing:
<code>
public class OracleCursorExhaustionThroughStatementCaching
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
final Properties props = new Properties();
props.put("user", "scott");
props.put("password", "tiger");
// CURSORS on the remote system are set currently to 300. Just run more unique queries than there are cursors to reproduce.
// This cache should only be holding statement information and cursors should only be used during an individual query
props.put("oracle.jdbc.implicitStatementCacheSize", "1500"); // commenting/removing this line allows this test to run without error
try (Connection c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@someserver:1521/mydb", props))
{
DatabaseMetaData meta = c.getMetaData();
System.out.println("Product: " + meta.getDatabaseProductName());
System.out.println("Version: " + meta.getDatabaseProductVersion());
System.out.println("Driver: " + meta.getDriverVersion());
System.out.println("JVM Version: " + System.getProperty("java.runtime.version"));
for(int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
{
// Each statement will be closed after executing
try(PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement("select " + i + " from dual")) // for demo a unique query against dual is enough
{
// Being explicit with closing the result set after execution because logically this is the end of the cursor. (Statement close closes it anyway)
try(ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery())
{
while(rs.next())
; // just read each result set fully, which should bring the cursor to its end
}
}
}
}
} catch(Exception ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
</code>
So on my machine and database this code yields the following:
Product: Oracle
Version: Oracle Database 19c Standard Edition 2 Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.22.0.0.0
Driver: 23.8.0.25.04
JVM Vers...
Categories: DBA Blogs
Happy 21st Anniversary to my Oracle Security Blog
The 21st anniversary of this blog is coming up on the 20th September 2025. I started this blog on the 20th of September 2004 and it has been doing well ever since. I write almost exclusively on the subject of....[Read More]
Posted by Pete On 10/09/25 At 11:55 AM
Categories: Security Blogs
Can we Block EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE for our API?
I did a five part series on the security of AUDSYS.AUD$UNIFIED and showed how it works at a functional level and how it might be secured by Oracle and how we might design a similar system using standard database license....[Read More]
Posted by Pete On 09/09/25 At 08:56 AM
Categories: Security Blogs
Testing a READONLY table and sometimes WRITE and DELETE
This is the next part of the series looking at the AUDSYS schema and AUD$UNIFIED table that Oracle has created and protected. In the first part we explored what AUDSYS and AUD$UNIFIED looks like in terms of security; in part....[Read More]
Posted by Pete On 03/09/25 At 11:38 AM
Categories: Security Blogs
Implement a Test System to Create a Readonly and Sometimes Insert / Delete Table
This is the next part (4th part) of the series exploring the AUDSYS schema and AUD$UNIFIED table that is READONLY with a lot of INSERTING and sometimes deleting. In the first part we explored the AUDSYS schema and the AUD$UNIFIED....[Read More]
Posted by Pete On 26/08/25 At 08:54 AM
Categories: Security Blogs
Build a readonly table like AUD$UNIFIED
In the two parts of this series on the security of AUDSYS.AUD$UNIFIED we looked at the main security features of the AUDSYS user and the AUD$UNIFIED table so that we could imagine using these same features ourselves. I have taught....[Read More]
Posted by Pete On 19/08/25 At 12:03 PM
Categories: Security Blogs
What is a Schema in Oracle?
In Oracle a user is the same as a schema - well not 100% true - so lets explain a bit. Firstly at a logical high level in Oracle a user is an account used by a real person to....[Read More]
Posted by Pete On 14/08/25 At 08:38 AM
Categories: Security Blogs
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