Path: dp-news.maxwell.syr.edu!spool.maxwell.syr.edu!drn.maxwell.syr.edu!news.maxwell.syr.edu!border1.nntp.dca.giganews.com!nntp.giganews.com!local1.nntp.dca.giganews.com!nntp.comcast.com!news.comcast.com.POSTED!not-for-mail NNTP-Posting-Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2004 18:48:29 -0600 Newsgroups: microsoft.public.sqlserver.programming,comp.databases.theory Subject: Re: Organizations with two or more Managers Reply-To: Anne & Lynn Wheeler References: <00fd01c4ed1c$1cf0d930$a401280a@phx.gbl> From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2004 17:48:26 -0700 Message-ID: Organization: Wheeler&Wheeler User-Agent: Gnus/5.090024 (Oort Gnus v0.24) Emacs/21.3 (gnu/linux) Cancel-Lock: sha1:EH+HKPqtHgUgnT8IRp7CnawhGQo= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Lines: 71 NNTP-Posting-Host: 67.173.231.164 X-Trace: sv3-tghjQagOr/68EVxxCPDrzwCjfY2WFOeD6JLifmTpgE5VdF6KmuXBx/SDDZ+cMCyxc9w3PTjMHX/N8v/!1wLPPZZnxAjrjgCXpghdODeo0Nqlu0i/zWd3tvolomxtxojFGIYuQOef7oT4gWI= X-Complaints-To: abuse@comcast.net X-DMCA-Complaints-To: dmca@comcast.net X-Abuse-and-DMCA-Info: Please be sure to forward a copy of ALL headers X-Abuse-and-DMCA-Info: Otherwise we will be unable to process your complaint properly X-Postfilter: 1.3.22 Xref: dp-news.maxwell.syr.edu microsoft.public.sqlserver.programming:449881 comp.databases.theory:29245 "Mikito Harakiri" writes: > Are multiple managers exception rather than rule? Does any fortune > 500 companies have organization chart that is not a tree? > > Handling trees is infinetely more simple than [directed acyclic] > graphs. For one thing, how would you specify a constraint that your > graph is acyclic? If your graph happens to be a tree, how would you > define this constraint? > > Next, assume your RDBMS have SQL extensions allowing to express > queries on graph (represented as adjacency list). Expect some > problems. How good is the cost model? Can optimizer come up with a > realistic prediction how many joins it would perform? Certainly not, > as for a given program it's even impossible to tell in advance if > the program going to stop at all. > > Those are couple of reasons why tree encodings really shine. in the early 80s, one of boyd's assertions was that modern corporate culture is reflection of many of the executives getting training on how to run large organizations as members of the US army during ww2. basically he contrasted much of the experienced and professional german military with the US army at entry to the war ... large numbers of quickly recruited and quickly trained individuals and only a very small group of professionals to direct them. as a result much of the strategy was based on exceedingly heavy overwhelming resources with extremely rigid command & control structures (attempting to leverage scarce skill resource across massive amount of resources and large numbers of inexperienced/unqualified people) ... somewhat related to pushing all decisions as high as possible up the organization (as opposed to pushing decisions to the best qualified person on the spot). boyd would contrast that with the blitzkrieg and guderian's directive about "verbal orders only". the scenario was that in times of heavy action ... that the only people that never make a mistake are the people that never do anything ... if you acting and especially having to act quickly ... there are going to be mistakes. guderian's directive supposedly epitomized that he trusted his troops as professionals to make their own decisions ... and he didn't want to have any bureaucrats running around afterwards trying to blame them for possible mistakes; he wanted to encourage that the person on the spot was to make the best decision he deemed possible (and not have to constantly worry about having any sort of paper trail that bureaucrats might later use to play monday afternoon quarterback). this is slightly related to the humerous definition of auditors as the people that go around the battlefield, after the war, stabbing the wounded ... a posting about a misunderstanding related to this and a number of auditors: http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#5 New IBM history book out the other contrast might be a set of generals superbly qualified to make decisions about overall strategic issues ... but totally unqualified to make decisions about any moment-to-moment tactical issues. It sometimes shows up in the split between CEO and COO ... where the CEO is handling long-term strategic issues and may be totally unqualified to handle the day-to-day issues faced by the COO. you also see something similar in some techno startups where the VCs may want to have somebody they select as vp of finance and possibly even vp of marketing. my past boyd postings: http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html#boyd and numerous boyd references from around the web http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html#boyd2 -- Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/