Re: LINUX featuring ORACLE 7
Date: 1995/06/07
Message-ID: <1995Jun7.010708.16427_at_deerwood.hanse.de>
Hi,
from my mailbox I know, there is some interest, in how to install ORACLE 7 for SCO(tm) Unix on Linux. Below you will find a 'cookbook'.
As I was asked for license issues, I can tell: this work was done for one of our customers, who has the ORACLE license for SCO Unix and uses it on a SCO box. He was interested, if it in principal would be possible to reduce the overall cost of an ORACLE server by using Linux boxes instead of SCO systems. He (as we all) knows, that there would be no support from ORACLE to expect (until ORACLE hopefully will offer the product for Linux), he will decide of the risc, to use an unsupported database, after it is clear, that it would be technically possible to do so.
If one of you is willing to run ORACLE on Linux, s/he has to buy a license from ORACLE, and it is not free! Maybe, ORACLE does not like to have their product running on Linux at all? ORACLE people reading this, what's your opinion?
An additional note on licensing and copyrights: ORACLE felt free to enclose GNU make with their SCO distribution under the terms of the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, as a normal SCO Unix without C compiler has no make, and one is required by the installer. ORACLE followed the rules of the GNU GPL in most parts: the installer, as an interactive programm, greets you with a message, that GNU make is contained and the sources are available and modified by ORACLE (GPL 2c), modifications by ORACLE are marked in the sources (GPL 2a), but they seem to have overlooked GPL 2b:
b) YOU MUST CAUSE ANY WORK THAT YOU DISTRIBUTE or publish, THAT in whole or IN PART CONTAINS or is derived from THE PROGRAM or any part thereof, TO BE LICENSED AS A WHOLE AT NO CHARGE TO ALL THIRD PARTIES UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. (Uppercase by me, PROGRAM in this case is the GNU make). So what, the RDBMS itself is free anyway, because it is not possible to install it without using make, and more, ORACLE 'forgot' to include the sources for the RDBMS! :-) Ok, ok, I will not insist on the sources ...
Meanwhile I did some more testing, especially with the 'distributed option'; I accessed from the Linux box a database on one of our RS6000 systems by invoking
> sqlplus user_at_T:some.host.name:sid
and vice versa: it works. I created a database link on the Linux side to a database on the other host and joined a table here with a table there: it works.
Before deleting my ORACLE installation, I will do some more tests, especially I will do some performance checking and try to import an existing database from one of our projects. A test for robustness by doing many transactions constantly over some days will follow. I hope, ORACLE Corp. will give me a 90 day trial period, as they do with Personal Oracle for Windows/OS/2/Windows NT.
regards
Georg
Installation of ORACLE V 7.0.16.4.0 for SCO Unix on Linux V 1.2.1
- Prerequisites Linux kernel you did'nt expect this!
make
we have a GNU make with Linux
the iBCS2 emulator V 1.2-950308
allows to run binaries from other Unix systems on Linux.
I had this software in my Linux distribution in diskzc1
(german S.u.S.E. distribution based on slackware)
You must recompile this, if you built a new kernel.
five SCO Unix executables:
/bin/idar archiver /bin/idas assembler /bin/idld linker /lib/idcpp preprocessor /lib/idcomp compiler
get them, where you can, they are required for installation only
200MB space in /usr/local/oracle7
this includes the RDBMS, SQL*Plus, SQL*Net TCP V1 and V2, common
files, the installer, the stage area, messages for all languages and
the default database. With some care, it may be possible to reduce
space requirement to about 120 MB.
- Problems, when installing
Main problems were:
- the install procedure did not make the scripts and executables executable, the mount of the CD under Linux left permissions as 444, no RockRidge extension (?)
- the installer does not catch all errors, especially when attempting to compile and link libraries. One must carefully examine the install.log .
- it took some time and experiments, to figure out, that for an easy
installation the SCO executables are required. As an alternative,
one must generate gcc, ld, as ... for SCO systems and use them instead.
This should be possible, but I had the chance to use the idxx programs.
- 'cookbook' for installation # login as root
# make shure, iBCS2 is running, it is a loadable module insmod /boot/iBCS
# add a group 'dba'
# add a user 'oracle7' belonging to group 'dba'
# mount CD
mkdir /cdrom
chmod 777 /cdrom
mount -t iso9660 -o ro /dev/cdrom /cdrom
# make executable executable
cd /cdrom/orainst
cp cd_link /usr/local/bin
chmod 555 /usr/local/bin/cd_link
# set environment and create directories
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/oracle7 export ORACLE_SID=test export ORACLE_TERM=vt100 export ORACLE_DOC=$ORACLE_HOME/oracle_doc mkdir $ORACLE_HOME mkdir $ORACLE_HOME/bin mkdir $ORACLE_DOC # later required in installer mkdir $ORACLE_HOME/stage # required by 'start.sh'
# start installation
bash start.sh
# enter '/usr/local/oracle7/stage' as your oracle_link directory
# ... oracle makes links to whole cd and copies orainst/ dir
chown -R oracle7.dba $ORACLE_HOME
cd $ORACLE_HOME/stage/orainst
# make binaries executable
chmod 755 b10run b10runm cd_link oiuncomp opendev orainst.cm
# make scripts executable
chmod 755 crrtsh.sh oitape oradoc oradocm orafiles orainst rootpre.sh rthd.sh start.sh
# make GNU 'make' available for ORACLE # we don't need to compile the GNU make, delivered with the ORACLE # software, as Linux has one by default
ln -s /usr/bin/make $ORACLE_HOME/bin/make # create a dummy /usr/lbin dir
ln -s /usr/local/bin /usr/lbin
# install SCO utilities required for 'orainst'
cd $ORACLE_HOME
mkdir SCO
cd SCO
mkdir bin
mkdir lib
cd bin
cp ???/idar . # archiver cp ???/idas . # assembler cp ???/idld . # linker cd ../lib cp ???/idcomp . # compiler cp ???/idcpp . # preprocessor
cd ..
chmod -R a+x *
# link them to where orainst expects them cd /bin
ln -s /usr/local/oracle7/SCO/bin/idar ln -s /usr/local/oracle7/SCO/bin/idas ln -s /usr/local/oracle7/SCO/bin/idld
cd /lib
ln -s /usr/local/oracle7/SCO/lib/idcomp
ln -s /usr/local/oracle7/SCO/lib/idcpp
# install the installer
cd $ORACLE_HOME
mkdir newoi
cp stage/orainst/* newoi
chown -R oracle7.dba newoi
cd newoi
orainst
# answer all questions, ignore hint to run 'rootpre.sh' for now, # select 'Install/Upgrade/Patch Software Only', # then 'Install from Permanent Staging Area' and select # $ORACLE_HOME/stage as the permanent staging area, # select only the installer to install. When done, exit the # installer in newoi with C-x.
cd $ORACLE_HOME/orainst
# Look into $ORACLE_HOME/orainst/install.log for any errors. # Move 'install.log' anywhere. # Some files here have now root owner and are later used by oracle7, sochown oracle7.dba *
# remove temporary directory
cd $ORACLE_HOME
rm -r newoi
cd orainst
# prepare some files; do not install SCO icons, no floppy install
rootpre.sh
# correct permission problems of ORACLE CD rm $ORACLE_HOME/stage/rdbms/install/dbsup.sh cp /cdrom/rdbms/install/dbsup.sh $ORACLE_HOME/stage/rdbms/install/dbsup.sh chmod 755 $ORACLE_HOME/stage/rdbms/install/dbsup.sh chown oracle7.dba $ORACLE_HOME/stage/rdbms/install/dbsup.sh
# change header file temporarily
cp /usr/include/asm/types.h /usr/include/asm/types.h.ORG
# now edit /usr/include/asm/types.h: # comment out this lines: # /*typedef __signed__ char __s8;*/ # /*typedef __signed__ short __s16;*/ # /*typedef __signed__ long __s32;*/ # /*typedef __signed__ long long __s64;*/
# logoff and login as oracle7
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/oracle7 export ORACLE_SID=test export ORACLE_TERM=vt100 export ORACLE_DOC=$ORACLE_HOME/oracle_doc export _ORCA_DEBUG=1 # if you want to see some internalsPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH # $ORACLE_HOME/bin MUST be first cd $ORACLE_HOME/orainst
# now install the wanted executables
orainst
# again select 'Install/Upgrade/Patch Software Only', # then 'Install from Permanent Staging Area' # and then 'ORACLE7 Distributed Database option 7.0.16' # plus 'ORACLE7 Procedural Option (PL/SQL V2) 2.0.' # plus 'ORACLE7 Server (RDBMS) 7.0.16.4.0' # optionally you may select i.e. SQL*Plus, SQL*Net TCP/IP V1 and/or V2 # answer other questions, don't require relinking, # say yes to 'Would you like to install TCP/IP Protocol Adapter (V2)?'. # The installation now should take place without any serious error. # Examine $ORACLE_HOME/orainst/install.log again # (ignore install.log error '/usr/local/oracle7/bin/gennttab: [: # too many arguments') # # Now you are ready to create a database. Leave the installer, # move install.log elsewhere and restart the installer again with
orainst
# After the initial questions select 'Create New Database Objects', # enter/confirm the System Identifier (ORACLE_SID) and you will # (surprisingly for normal, not ORACLE proven people) again see # the main window with 'available products' and 'installed products'. # Select the point 'ORACLE7 Server (RDBMS) 7.0.16.4.0' and install. # You are asked for some passwords and names/sizes of database # files. Accept them for a first test, and then the creation of the # database is done. You may want to have a second window open # with a 'cd $ORACLE_HOME/orainst; tail -f install.log' to see, # what's going on, but don't be surprised to find about 235 SQL # errors, when the data dictionary is created. The scripts always # do something like: 'drop table ...; create table ...' to be shure, # the table can successfully be created, but the drop gives an error, # because on an initial run the table does not exist. # After the installer tells you about success and leaving the installer, # you may check the log with:
grep ORA- install.log|grep -v ORA-00942|grep -v ORA-01432|grep -v ORA-01434 # you then should get this list of SQL errors:
ORA-04043: object DBMS_STANDARD does not exist ORA-04043: object PIDL does not exist ORA-04043: object PIDL does not exist ORA-04043: object DIANA does not exist ORA-04043: object DIANA does not exist ORA-04043: object DIUTIL does not exist ORA-04043: object DIUTIL does not exist ORA-04043: object PSTUBT does not exist ORA-04043: object PSTUB does not exist ORA-04043: object SUBPTXT2 does not exist ORA-04043: object SUBPTXT does not exist ORA-04043: object DBMS_SNAPSHOT does not exist ORA-02289: sequence does not exist ORA-04043: object DBMS_LOCK does not exist ORA-04043: object DBMS_PIPE does not exist # I did not check, if this are serious errors until now, because # the statements, that cause this errors are not echoed by the scripts, # but I'm quite sure, they are expected errors of the same sort as above# YOUR DATABASE SHOULD NOW BE UP AND RUNNING! # Check with
ps -a
# you should see this 5 processes
9363 v02 S 0:00 ora_pmon_test 9364 v02 S 0:00 ora_dbwr_test 9365 v02 S 0:00 ora_lgwr_test 9366 v02 S 0:09 ora_smon_test 9367 v02 S 0:00 ora_reco_test
# Check access to the database with:
sqldba mode=line
SQLDBA> connect system
# give in the password, when asked
SQLDBA> select * from cat;
# you should see about 60 names of tables, views and synonyms. # Try to shut down the database (as user oracle7): SQLDBA> connect internal
SQLDBA> shutdown
# after a while you should see 3 messages: Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
# start it up again:
SQLDBA> startup
# after a while you should see messages similar to this: ORACLE instance started.
Database mounted.
Database opened.
Total System Global Area 4448020 bytes
Fixed Size 40100 bytes
Variable Size 3990128 bytes
Database Buffers 409600 bytes
Redo Buffers 8192 bytes
# leave SQLDBA:
SQLDBA> exit
# as root, run $ORACLE_HOME/orainst/root.sh
cd $ORACLE_HOME/orainst
export ORACLE_SERVER=T # to get entries in /etc/services
root.sh
# as root, clean up
# change modified system files back to original
cp /usr/include/asm/types.h.ORG /usr/include/asm/types.h
# remove executables only required for installation
rm /usr/local/bin/cd_link
cd /
rm bin/idar bin/idas bin/idld lib/idcomp lib/idcpp
cd $ORACLE_HOME
rm -r SCO
# If the default sizes of the database are not, what you wanted, # you find 2 scripts in $ORACLE_HOME/dbs: crdbtest.sql crdb2test.sql # Feel free to modify the statements in it, shut down the database, # remove all files in $ORACLE_HOME/dbs named '*test.dbf' and '*test.ctl', # in 'crdb2test.sql' uncomment this lines: # #set termout on # #set echo on # #spool crdb2test.lst # then execute the scripts with SQLDBA SQLDBA> connect internal
SQLDBA> _at_crdbtest.sql
SQLDBA> _at_crdb2test.sql
# to get a new database with your sizes created.
-- ___ ___ | + | |__ ' Georg Rehfeld, D-20535 Hamburg, Jordanstr. 8, [49] (40) 2518356 |_|_\ |___, georg_at_deerwood.hanse.deReceived on Wed Jun 07 1995 - 00:00:00 CEST