If you use a subquery in place of a table, the WITH CHECK OPTION will enforce that the values supplied on the INSERT statement do not violate the subquery.
Straight from the documentation (available many places online):
The following statement is legal even though the second value violates the condition of the subquery where_clause:
INSERT INTO
(SELECT ename, deptno FROM emp WHERE deptno < 10)
VALUES ('Taylor', 20);
However, the following statement is illegal because of the WITH CHECK OPTION clause:
INSERT INTO
(SELECT ename, deptno FROM emp
WHERE deptno < 10
WITH CHECK OPTION)
VALUES ('Taylor', 20);
] 
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