You have to write some SQL or a function. If you want to see if the variable is a number, you can use:
select length(translate(trim(your_variable),' +-.0123456789',' ')) from dual;
this returns a positive number if your_variable is NON-numeric. Or you can use functions returning booleans that use Oracle's conversion functions:
function ISDATE (your_variable long) return boolean is
dt date;
begin
dt := to_date(your_variable,'dd-mon-yyyy');
RETURN true;
exception
when others then RETURN false;
end;
function ISNUMBER (your_variable long) return boolean is
num number;
begin
num := to_number(your_variable);
RETURN true;
exception
when others then RETURN false;
end;