\(1) NT-53556 NT53556\(10) Radar Signal Interpretation Using Neural Network for Defect Detection in Concrete,\(20) Shoukry, Samir N. Martinelli, David Varadarajan, Srinivas T. Halabe, Udaya B. \(11) 01 Mar 1996\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, BRIDGES, CONCRETE, GROUND PENETRATING RADAR, INFRASTRUCTURE, NEURAL NETWORKS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 54,3; March 1996; 393-397; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A neural network based on the learning vector quantization (LVQ) technique is applied for the classification of radar echo waveforms obtained from concrete bridge deck specimens with varying internal defects. A randomly chosen set of as measured (raw) time-domain echo-signals was used in training the network to classify waveforms into those representing defective and nondefective conditions in the concrete specimens. The same set of waveforms as preprocessed by subtracting the reference noise signal and was again separately used to train the networks. Different versions of LVQ algorithms were used independently in training, and the best results in terms of the recognition accuracy were obtained by training using the OLVQ (optimized LVQ) algorithm. The OVLQ trained neural network was able to classify an independent set of test waveforms with a higher degree of accuracy than those trained with other variants of LVQ algorithms. It has been observed that the subtraction of the reference noise component (preprocessing of the time domain signal) had no effect on the performance of the correct recognition of the OVLQ network. The performance of the network indicates its high potential for use in the analysis and interpretation of raw radar echo waveforms. This technique also holds promise for successful classification of radar waveforms into classes that represent specific kind of internal defects in concrete specimens such as cracks, delaminations, voids, etc. (Author).\(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339501 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53555 NT53555\(10) Optimal Pultrusion Process Conditions for Improving the Dynamic Properties of Graphite-Epoxy Composite Beams, \(20) Kowsika, Murthy V. Mantena, P. Raju \(11) 01 Mar 1996\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, COMPOSITES, DAMPING, FLEXURE, GRAPHITE EPOXY, PULTRUSION, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, VIBRATION ANALYSIS, MATHEMATICAL MODELS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 54,3; March 1996; 386-392; 16 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The manufacturing process variables significantly influence the mechanical properties of pultruded composites. In this study, a statistical central composite design (CCD) test pattern has been used to manufacture unidirectional graphite-epoxy pultruded composite beams under carefully controlled process conditions. The influences of significant pultrusion process variables and their effects/interactions on the dynamic mechanical properties were investigated. The pultruded specimens were subjected to free vibration decay tests to determine nondestructively the dynamic flexural modulus and loss factor (a measure of internal damping). Mathematical models were derived based on the observed values of the dynamic properties using regression analysis procedures. These models were used to determine the optimal pultrusion process conditions for improving the dynamic mechanical properties of the finished product. A theoretical model postulating varying distribution of fiber content through the thickness of the pultruded composite is also presented. Static flexural tests and microscopic evaluation were employed to validate the assumption that a thin distinct layer of matrix material is formed on the outer surface of these pultruded products. (Author).\(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339500 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53554 NT53554\(10) Current Concerns about Optical Radiation Safety in Fluorescent Magnetic Particle and Penetrant Methods,\(20) Ness, Stanley Moss, C. Eugene\(11) 01 Mar 1996\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, SAFETY, OPTICAL RADIATION, FLUORESCENT MAGNETIC PARTICLE, FLUORESCENT PENETRANTS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 54,3; March 1996; 364-367; 17 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The standards defining safe levels of maximum blacklight exposure are not well defined and are currently undergoing an evolution process. Although responsible manufactureres of blacklights should keep users informed, blacklight users should be aware of ongoing research and changing standards in order to take appropriate safety precautions. (Editor). \(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339499 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53575 NT53575\(10) Ultrasonic Measurement of Zirconium Tubes Used in Channel-Type Nuclear Reactors, \(20) Kazys, R. Mazeika, L. Sliteris, R. Vladisauskas, A. Voleisis, A. \(11) 01 Feb 1996\(15) 13 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, LITHUANIA, ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT, NUCLEAR REACTORS, TUBING, ZIRCONIUM, WALL THICKNESS.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 21,1; February 1996; 37-49; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An ultrasonic technique for the determination of the inner and outer diameters and wall thickness of zirconium tubes used in channel-type nuclear reactors has been developed. The method is based on the time-of-flight technique of ultrasonic waves reflected by the front and back walls of the tube. The measurements are performed around the circumference and along the axis of the tubes. The influence of eccentricity of the measuring probe is studied both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the absolute measurement error is less than 100 microns for the diameters and 50 microns for the wall thickness. In situ tests carried out at the Ignalina state nuclear power plant, Lithania, proved the good performance of the system in a harsh environment. \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339513 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53574 NT53574\(10) New Stereoscopic X-Ray Imaging Technique Using a Single X-Ray Source: Theoretical Analysis, \(20) Evans, J.P. Robinson, M. Godber, S.X. \(11) 01 Feb 1996\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, RADIOGRAPHY, STEREOSCOPIC DISPLAY SYSTEMS, LINEAR DETECTORS, X RAYS, ARRAY.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 21,1; February 1996; 27-35; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A binocular stereoscopic X-ray imaging technique is presented which can be used for both visual inspection by human observers and also for the extraction of three-dimensional coordinate information. The concept of implementing a stereoscopic X-ray imaging system to solve the problem of image interpretation is not new in itself. However, what is innovative in this research is the stereoscopic imaging technique developed. This is based on a rigorous design theory specifically developed for a single X-ray source and a pair of linear X-ray detector arrays. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339512 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53573 NT53573\(10) Estimation of Acoustic Emission Source Waveform of Fracture Using a Neural Network,\(20) Yuki, Hironobu Homma, Kyoji \(11) 01 Feb 1996\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, NEURAL NETWORKS, WAVEFORMS, FRACTURE(MECHANICS), TENSILE TESTS.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 21,1; February 1996; 21-25; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The applicability of a neural network to acoustic emission (AE) is presented. It is shown that the shape of the simulated source waveform using piezoelectric ceramics is steplike, similar to that of mode I crack extension, and its rise-time can be varied by the resonance frequency in the thickness direction. The results imply that the simulated source can provide learning waveforms for the network. Actual AE waveforms were also acquired by conducting a tensile test of a chevron-notched graphite specimen. It was demonstrated that the appropriate source waveform associated with mode I crack extension was successfully determined by the network taught with simulated waveforms. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339511 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53572 NT53572\(10) Ultrasonic Inspection of Long Steel Pipes Using Lamb Waves,\(20) Park, Moon Ho Kim, In Sup Yoon, Young Ku\(11) 01 Feb 1996\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, KOREA, PIPES, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, LAMB WAVES, PROPAGATION, STEEL.,; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in NDT&E International; 29,1; February 1996; 13-20; 22 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). Maintenance Date: 13 Nov 1996\(21) An ultrasonic inspection technique using Lamb waves was evaluated to detect and determine the exact location of flaws present in long steel pipes. Since multiple modes of Lamb waves are generated due to their dispersive characteristics in the inspected pipes, the selection of a specific Lamb wave mode is very important for inspection of flaws. Experimental studies of flaw detectability with the use of each Lamb wave mode, namely, the A0, S0, A1, and S1 modes and their ultrasonic attenuation characteristics were conducted. The experimental results showed that the A0 mode is the most effective for detection and exact determination of the location flaws. A lucite wedge containing a water column that generates the A0 Lamb wave mode was developed and used in the present inspection study. It was found that the ultrasonic beam divergence after wrapping around the inspected pipe once interferes with exact determination of the location of flaws and that the maximum reflection signals are obtained with the transducer is offset axially from the straight line with the position of the flaw. The present study showed feasibilities of ultrasonic inspection with the use of Lamb waves for detection of flaws in insulated or inaccessible steel pipes. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339510 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53571 NT53571\(10) Contrast Transfer Function Measurement of X-Ray Solid State Linear Detectors Using Bar/Space Pattern Methods, \(20) Kaftandjian, V. Zhu, Y.M. Peix, G. Babot, D. \(11) 01 Feb 1996\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, X RAYS, LINEAR DETECTORS, CONTRAST.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 21,1; February 1996; 3-11; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper presents a detailed analysis of bar/space pattern methods used in the contrast transfer function (CTF) calculation of linear solid-state X-ray sensitive detectors (LD). The analysis presents centres on the effect of cell aperture on LD response as well as on the measurement of the LD's CTF along its main axis. Various theoretical simulations are designed to obtain a better understanding of the behaviour of the LD. The simulation results are also compared with the experimental CTF measurements. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339509 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53441 NT53441\(10) Role of Artificial Intelligence in Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation,\(20) Rajagopalan, C. Raj, Baldev Kalyanasundaram, P.\(11) 01 Feb 1996\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, INDIA, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, NEURAL NETWORKS, KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 38,2; February 1996; 118-123; 46 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The paper defines artificial intelligence (AI) and identifies two primary areas in AI, namely Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), that are of immediate relevance to Non-destructive Testing and Evaluation (NDT&E). The drawbacks of present-day AI programmes are presented. A suitable architecture, an effective uncertainty management and learning methodologies are proposed to overcome these limitations, in order to develop versatile and useful KBS for NDT&E. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339393 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53440 NT53440\(10) Maximising the Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Computerised Tomography Data Using the Robust Design, \(20) Hammersberg, P. Stenstrom, M. \(11) 01 Feb 1996\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, SWEDEN, SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO, COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 38,2; February 1996; 112-117; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Image quality in Computerised Tomography (CT) depends strongly on the quality of the CT-projection data, which vary with the imaged sample and the equipment used. The objective has been to find a setting of the CT-scanner Control Factors (CF) maximising the signal-to-noise ratio in CT projection data (SNR sub CT) of a contrasting detail (for example a defect) and a surrounding cylindrical sample, and to present a general optimisation methodology. An optimisation case study was carried out, valid for a CT-scanner equipped with a polyenergetic X-ray source (conventional) with tungsten target and a partially energy-integrating detector system (image intensifier and optical video chain), with and without consideration of the exposure limits associated with the microfocal X-ray source used. The CF of interest were tube potential, exposure (product of tube current and exposure time), material and thickness of the primary filter, optical aperture and attenuation equalising filter design. The settings yielding the highest values of SNR sub CT were found using thick filter of high atomic number, small iris and use of an X-ray attenuation equalisation filter design. The exposure limits make the CF interdependent, yielding another optimal setting. The CF setting was also found to be independent of the contrasting detail, in the particular case study. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339392 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53439 NT53439\(10) Neural Network Classifier of Cracks in Steel Tubes,\(20) Gavarini, H. Perazzo, R.P. Reich, S.L. Altschuler, E. Pignotti, A. \(11) 01 Feb 1996\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ARGENTINA, NEURAL NETWORKS, CRACKS, TUBING, MONTE CARLO EFFECT, STEEL, PIPES, MAGNETIC FLUX LEAKAGE.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 38,2; February 1996; 108-111; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) In this paper, the possibility of using simple neural networks to classify the severity of defects in the inspection of steel pipes by the magnetic flux leakage technique is analysed. A numerical model simulates the field input to the network, and a Monte Carlo approach is used to generate a population of 1000 flaws by varying the parameters that characterise the tube, the defect and the detection process. 10% of these flaws are used to train a neural network comprising two moduli: a first one that performs a principal component analysis of the field, and a second one that is used to assess the crack depth. The trained network is then shown to be able to reduce substantially the number of false alarms generated in the simulated inspection process. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339391 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53438 NT53438\(10) Temperature-Dependent NDE of Hydrided Zr-Nb Tubing,\(20) Hutchins, D.A. Bashford, A.G. Billson, D.R. Moles, M.D. Mair, H.D.\(11) 01 Feb 1996\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, ULTRASONICS, TUBING, THERMAL EXPANSION, HYDRIDES, ELECTROMAGNETIC ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 38,2; February 1996; 102-107; 18 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The ultrasonic and thermal expansion characteristics of hydrided Zr-Nb tubing have been studied as a function of temperature. Changes in ultrasonic longitudinal velocity have been measured using a specially-designed high-temperature electromagnetic acoustic transducer in the through-thickness direction. In addition, dimensional changes have been monitored from within a tube using a capacitance technique, and compared to strain gauge data. In all cases, it has been confirmed that hydride concentrations can be estimated from a measurement of the terminal solid solubility temperature, leading to several possible methods whereby hydride concentrations may potentially be determined in situ. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339390 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53437 NT53437\(10) Selection of a Potential Drop Crack Measurement System for Zirconium Alloy Specimens, \(20) Frise, P.R. Sahney, R.\(11) 01 Feb 1996\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, NUCLEAR REACTORS, ZIRCONIUM, ALLOYS, POTENTIAL DROP MEASUREMENT.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 38,2; February 1996; 96-101; 17 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The pressure tubes in Canadian CANDU heavy water nuclear reactors are made of cold-worked Zr-2.5 Nb. An experimental programme has been undertaken to develop a potential drop system to measure the size of flaws in this material when it is being evaluated for its fracture toughness properties using test specimens which have been removed from a reactor, or are about to be placed in service in a reactor. One direct current and two alternating current systems were evaluated and it was found that a localized direct current potential drop system gave satisfactory results on flat plate specimens of the material. Later phases of the programme involved tests at higher temperature and also measurements from the back side of the specimens (i.e., the non-cracked surface). This work was done after the selection of the localized DCPD sytem had occurred, based on the test results presented in the present paper. The high-temperature and back-side DCPD test programme will be presented in later publications. This paper describes the tests that were carried out to evaluate the three candidate systems. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339389 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53436 NT53436\(10) Ultrasonic Backscattering System with Split-Spectrum Processing for HAZ Creep Damage Evaluation, \(20) Shyu, H.F. Lock, M.W.\(11) 01 Feb 1996\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, ULTRASONIC BACKSCATTERING, POWER PLANTS, CREEP, WELDS.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 38,2; February 1996; 91-95; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Premature creep cracking at the welding heat-affected zones (HAZs) of components operated at elevated temperature is a major safety and economic problem of power plants, and no traditional non-destructive (NDT) method is available to detect it at an early stage. In this project a specific process was developed to prepare specimens with creep damage, both cavities and microcracks, at the HAZ for an ultrasonic evaluation method development. All specimens were created with creep damage exactly at the coarse grain area and near the fusion line, at a predicted time. An ultrasonic backscattering system was established to evaluate creep damage with high frequency focused probes. The B-scan images of surface waves achieved good registration with the metallographs of creep damage in HAZ. A dynamic B-scan concept was originated for confirming the existence of creep damage during detection. The split-spectrum processing (SSP) technique was utilized to reduce noise and increase resolution of B-scan images. The achievement of SSP was also clear. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339388 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53387 NT53387\(10) Assessment of Defects and Mechanical Properties of Wood Members Using Ultrasonic Frequency Analysis, \(20) Halabe, Udaya B. GangaRao, Hota V. Petro, Samer H. Hota, Veerabhadra R. \(11) 01 Feb 1996\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, ATTENUATION, DECAY, DEFECTS(MATERIALS), FREQUENCY ANALYSIS, FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM, SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, ULTRASONICS, WOOD.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 54,2; February 1996; 314-322; 17 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Recognizing the limited value of the results from ultrasonic time-of-flight measurements, this paper emphasizes wave attenuation measurement in the frequency domain. The influence of travel distance, moisture control, and the presence of defects on wave attenuation are investigated using fast Fourier transforms of received ultrasonic through transmission signals. Our research results have revealed that the frequency domain analysis can significantly increase the sensitivitity of predictions of modulus of elasticity, and strength of clear and defective wood, under controlled laboratory conditions. (Author).\(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339339 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53386 NT53386\(10) Preload Measurement in Sleeve Bolts Using an Ultrasonic Technique,\(20) Koshti, Ajay \(11) 01 Feb 1996\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, BOLTS, INTERFERENCE, MEASUREMENT, STRESSES, ULTRASONIC TESTING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 54,2; February 1996; 308-313; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Sleeve bolts, which can provide an interference fit in a cylindrical hole by expanding during assembly, were used on an aerospace structural joint. A nondestructive evaluation method that uses ultrasonic testing was used to take measurements during preload application and monitoring. Ultrasonic bolt gages have commonly been used on regular bolts and studs, but not sleeve bolts. Ultrasound preload measurement on a sleeve bolt is different in many ways from that on a regular bolt. The pressure and friction on the sleeve bolt shank are absent or insignificant for regular bolts. Pressure and friction change depending upon initial conditions and applied load. The two factors affect the stress distribution inside the bolt and the ultrasound measurements. The paper provides an experimental analysis to account for effects of pressure and friction in measuring preload using the ultrasonic bolt gage. \(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339338 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53385 NT53385\(10) Accurate Calibration of a Co-60 Gamma Radiographic Source,\(20) Nir-El, Yoram \(11) 01 Feb 1996\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, AUSTRIA, NUCLEAR REACTORS, CALIBRATION, GAMMA RADIOGRAPHY, COBALT.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 54,2; February 1996; 138-139; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A simple, rapid, and inexpensive procedure has been developed for the accurate calibration of the activity and dose rate of a Co-60 gamma radiographic source, using readily available items. (Editor/Modified). \(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339337 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53324 NT53324\(10) Opportunities for On-Line Machinery Sensing, \(20) Murray, S. Frank Ling, Frederick F.\(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-9648731-3-3, MICROSENSORS, TRIBOLOGY, CONDITION MONITORING, MACHINE TOOLS, ON LINE SYSTEMS, LITERATURE REVIEW, IN SITU.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Energy Week; Book IV; Conference Papers; Vol. IV; January 29-February 2, 1996; 360-367; 39 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) While most engineers were concerned with progress in the development of robots and robotic devices, there has been a revolution going on in sensor technology. Micro-sensor devices, so small that they could be encapsulated easily, and so light that they could resist high 'g' forces and impacts, are being developed for a variety of applications especially aerospace, automotive, and consumer durables. In the field of tribology, the ability of sensors to gather and process information promises real advances in monitoring and sensing potential problems with machinery and with tools. Yet, there are many critical applications where no failure detection devices are being used or even considered. There is a need for more training and better dissemination of know-how for the various types of sensors. This paper is a review of the recent literature on in-situ micro-sensors that might have relevance to machinery condition sensing. (Author). \(24) Published by ASME, 22 Law Drive, Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900. \(9) na\(23) ADD339282 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53563 NT53563\(10) Corrosion/Erosion Pipe Inspection Using Reverse Geometry Radiography, \(20) Albert, Richard D.\(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 26 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) REVERSE GEOMETRY, X RAYS, PIPING, CORROSION, EROSION, THREE DIMENSIONAL, STEREOSCOPIC DISPLAY SYSTEMS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Proceedings: Second International Symposium on the Mechanical Integrity of Process Piping'; Houston, TX; January 30-February 1, 1996; 231-256; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Measurement of corrosion in piping was studied using the Digiray Reverse Geometry X-ray (RGX) imaging system during a series of field tests. Sponsored by Shell, Exxon and Mobil oil companies, these were recently carried out at the Shell Martinez refinery facility. Results of the field tests as well as other RGX radiographs taken in the laboratory by Digiray will be described in this report. (Author). \(24) Published by Materials Technology Institute of the Chemical Process Industries, Inc., 1215 Fern Ridge Parkway, Ste. 116, St. Louis, MO 63141-4405. \(9) na\(23) ADD339508 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53562 NT53562\(10) Novel Tools for Detection and Quantification of Corrosion Damage in Plant Piping, \(20) DE Raad, J.A. \(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, NETHERLANDS, PIPING, CORROSION, INTEGRITY, THERMAL INSULATION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Proceedings: Second International Symposium on the Mechanical Integrity of Process Piping'; Houston, TX; January 30-February 1, 1996; 221-229; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Increasingly, non-destructive testing (NDT) is used as an economic tool in predictive maintenance approach of plant operators. This allows planned replacement or repair of corroded components. This tendency often demands full surface coverage rather than the usual spot inspection of plant components. This target comes closer by recent developments in NDT. Several rather novel techniques have become commercially available for rapid external inspection of exposed pipework in plants. These methods are designed to offer lower inspection costs to industry. This article describes some of these techniques, discusses their relative merits and presents some results from field-use. (Author).\(24) Published by Materials Technology Institute of the Chemical Process Industries, Inc., 1215 Fern Ridge Parkway, Ste. 116, St. Louis, MO 63141-4405. \(9) na\(23) ADD339507 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53561 NT53561\(10) Techniques for the Detection of Corrosion Under Insulation,\(20) Matulewicz, Walter\(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) PETROCHEMICALS, PIPING, CORROSION, INSULATION, RADIOGRAPHY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Proceedings: Second International Symposium on the Mechanical Integrity of Process Piping'; Houston, TX; January 30-February 1, 1996; 215-220; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The exterior corrosion of piping or vessels under insulation, typically due to water ingress, has been a concern for many years in the process industries. In the past, due to economic constraints, the monitoring or detection for corrosion under insulation (CUI) has not received a high priority. Visual or ultrasonic thickness checks were the only methods generally applied for inspection. Rapid and economic methods for overall detection of corrosion under insulation were virtually nonexistent. A recent issuance of the American Petroleum Institute's 'Piping Inspection Code,' API 570 has promoted renewed interest for piping system inspections. A brief review of this code along with the feasibility and field application of systems are reviewed for a means of CUI detection. (Author). \(24) Published by Materials Technology Institute of the Chemical Process Industries, Inc., 1215 Fern Ridge Parkway, Ste. 116, St. Louis, MO 63141-4405. \(9) na\(23) ADD339506 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53560 NT53560\(10) Surface Preparation for Non-Destructive Detection of Surface Cracks in Stainless Steel and Carbon Steel Piping,\(20) Funderburg, I.M. \(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) PETROCHEMICALS, PIPING, CRACKS, CARBON STEEL, STAINLESS STEEL, SURFACE PREPARATION, MAGNETIC PARTICLES, DYE PENETRANTS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Proceedings: Second International Symposium on the Mechanical Integrity of Process Piping'; Houston, TX; January 30-February 1, 1996; 205-214; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Engineers within the chemical process industries are among other things, charged with the task of determining the reliability of piping and equipment. As part of this evaluation, the surfaces of process equipment and piping are often examined for evidence of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) or other tightly closed surface cracks. Presently, there is no consensus as to which is the 'best' technique for preparing and inspecting carbon steel and stainless steel vessels or piping for surface cracks. The specific concern within industry is that Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) might go undetected if the surface preparation closes over such tight cracks. This paper presents results of a study MTI commissioned to collect additional data, examine the literature, and interview industrial materials engineers, independent inspection specialists, non-destructive examination consultants, and other representatives of industries that have equipment which must be inspected for surface cracks. Discussed are the differing surface preparation techniques used, the use of standards for evaluating the effectiveness of the techniques, and what is felt to be the 'Key Learnings' from the investigation. (Author). \(24) Published by Materials Technology Institute of the Chemical Process Industries, Inc., 1215 Fern Ridge Parkway, Ste. 116, St. Louis, MO 63141-4405. \(9) na\(23) ADD339505 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53559 NT53559\(10) Thickness Measurement Locations of Mechanical Integrity, \(20) Decker, John R. Rivas, Natalio\(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 13 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) THICKNESS, MEASUREMENTS, PETROCHEMICALS, PIPING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Proceedings: Second International Symposium on the Mechanical Integrity of Process Piping'; Houston, TX; January 30-February 1, 1996; 191-203; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper will describe the importance of establishing thickness measurement location (TML) criteria. It will also seek to quantify the frequency of inspections and review the methods for establishing techniques to ensure reliability and repeatability of inspections at TMLs using qualified inspectors. Also discussed will be the most useful way to document the results of an inspection and how to effectively maintain consistency in the mechanical integrity program. It reviews different methods of inspection and uses lessons learned from in-service experience with numerous mechanical projects in the petrochemical industry. The importance of qualified inspectors, quality inspection, electronic data acquisition, and electronic data storage will be discussed. (Author).\(24) Published by Materials Technology Institute of the Chemical Process Industries, Inc., 1215 Fern Ridge Parkway, Ste. 116, St. Louis, MO 63141-4405. \(9) na\(23) ADD339504 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53558 NT53558\(10) Improved Method for Profile Radiography of Piping,\(20) Bell, Mark S. Haupt, Jim D. \(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 17 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) PROFILOGRAPHS, RADIOGRAPHY, PETROCHEMICALS, PIPING, COMPARATORS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Proceedings: Second International Symposium on the Mechanical Integrity of Process Piping'; Houston, TX; January 30-February 1, 1996; 173-189. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The Petro-Chemical industry has used profile radiography for more than thirty years to find, and evaluate, corrosion in piping systems. The technique offers a method of 'seeing into' a piece of pipe. This allows the inspector to see the 'whole picture'. Single point ultrasonic measurements cannot provide this degree of information. Shell's objective for studying the use of this method centered on optimizing our profile radiography technique to improve accuracy and reproducibility of wall thickness measurements. Accuracy and reproducibility of measurements are particularly important when used to determine corrosion rates. To help achieve our objective, we developed an inspection procedure to minimize the more prominent sources of inaccuracies associated with this technique. Along with our procedure, we also developed an associated training program. All of Shell Oil's Pressure Equipment Inspectors and key contract employees have received this training. (Author).\(24) Published by Materials Technology Institute of the Chemical Process Industries, Inc., 1215 Fern Ridge Parkway, Ste. 116, St. Louis, MO 63141-4405. \(9) na\(23) ADD339503 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53557 NT53557\(10) Positive Materials Identification of Existing Equipment, \(20) Wolf, H. Alan \(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) PETROCHEMICALS, REFINING(METALLURGY), PIPING, INSPECTION, IDENTIFICATION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Proceedings: Second International Symposium on the Mechanical Integrity of Process Piping'; Houston, TX; January 30-February 1, 1996; 165-171. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Considerable engineering effort and expertise are expended for materials selection at refining and petrochemical facilities. However, the benefits of this effort are undermined if there is an inadvertent material substitution during construction. Although procedures have always been in place tor educe the chance of such substitutions, it is known that these errors have occurred. Accordingly, over the years the industry has periodically reviewed and improved quality control in this effort. However, many older facilities that did not benefit from today's procedures are still in operation. As a consequence, some companies have conducted positive material identification (PMI) verification of existing equipment. This process is further complicated by the fact that the most susceptible components are typically insulated and must be located. Once located, accessibility and operating temperatures are complicated issues. This paper describes prioritization issues and hardware tradeoffs for conducting a PMI verification program. (Author). \(24) Published by Materials Technology Institute of the Chemical Process Industries, Inc., 1215 Fern Ridge Parkway, Ste. 116, St. Louis, MO 63141-4405. \(9) na\(23) ADD339502 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53326 NT53326\(10) Development and Implementation of an Ultrasonic Nondestructive Bond Evaluation Systems for Navy Sonar Transducers.\(20) Diercks, K.J. \(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 30 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) BONDS, TRANSDUCERS, ULTRASOUND, SCANNING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Performed by Texas Research Institute Austin, Inc., 9063 Bee Caves Road, Austin, TX 78733-6201. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This report describes the implementation of a system for nondestructively evaluating the rubber/metal bond surfaces in the TR-317() and the TR-330 transducers. Oblique incidence ultrasound is used in a pitch-catch format. The system implemented is comprised of an acoustic subsystem, a scanning subsystem and a data acquisition/display subsystem. The acoustic subsystem is comprised of a probe (transmitting and receiving transducers), signal generator and gated amplifier. The scanning subsystem is a robotic arm programmed to move (scan) the probe across selected bond surfaces of the TR-317() and TR-330 transducers. The data acquisition and display subsystem is a desktop computer which functions as the operator interface to initiate a scan and to present the results of a scan - a 'map' of the bond surface - for evaluation. The subsystems are described separately; their functional integration into a system is included in the discussion of testing and evaluation. Component drawings and scanning and data acquisition/display programs for the system were delivered as separate items. (Author). Descriptive Note: Final Report, \(24) Prepared for Naval Sea Systems Command, Dept. of the Navy, Washington, DC 20362-5101. \(9) na\(23) ADD339284 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53323 NT53323\(10) In-Situ Sensor to Measure Contact Area and Surface Stresses Between Real Tribological Bodies, \(20) Bryant, Michael D. Fernandez, Benito \(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-9648731-3-3, SENSORS, IN SITU, INTERFACES, TRIBOLOGY, STRESSES, MEASUREMENT, SURFACES, PHOTOELASTICITY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Energy Week; Book IV; Conference Papers; Vol. IV; 350-359; 42 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Presented will be the concept of an in-situ sensor to visualize and measure real contact areas and surface stresses at all points within a contact interface. The sensor generates photoelastic fringes (fields of light intensity values) which it converts into surface stresses. One of the contacting bodies contains a thin tribological surface layer bonded to an underlying optically transparent and birefringent photoelastic layer. The other body contacts the tribological layer. Illumination from below with polarized light generates fringe patterns within the photoelastic layer. First presented will be photoelastic principles and sensor operation; photographs of fringes taken under various contact conditions; measurements of real contact area extracted from these photographs; and calculations that relate the fringes to the contact stresses. These 'forward' calculations map fields of contact stresses (input data) to fields of photoelastic light intensity values (output data). To extract surface stresses from light intensity measurements, Artificial Neural Networks generate an 'inverse' map. Network architectures will be presented and trainaing procedures discussed. Trainaing sets for the 'inverse' map arise from the 'forward' calculations; output data fields (fields of photoelastic light intensity values) becomes the network input and vice versa. As a by product, the technique can estimate the real contact areas and the coefficients of friction at all points within an interface. Applications could involve in-situ measure of stress and friction fields in bearings, gears, and extruding devices. (Author).\(24) Published by ASME, 22 Law Drive, Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900. \(9) na\(23) ADD339281 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53322 NT53322\(10) In-Situ Micro-Sensors for Application in Machinery Diagnostics,\(20) Ling, Frederick F. Wang, Ning Murray, S. Frank \(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 13 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-9648731-3-3, MICROSENSORS, IN SITU, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, LITERATURE SURVEYS, DIAGNOSTICS, MACHINES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Energy Week; Book IV; Conference Papers; Vol. IV; 337-349; 199 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The literature on sensors has been on a high growth curve; this growth is relatable to growth of world market for fiber optic sensor systems. This paper is concerned only with the literature on in-situ micro-sensors that might have relevance to machinery condition sensing and that which might lend itself to fiber-optical modes of information transmission. One hundred ninety references are cited; these were selected from 28,000 examined. Of the references cited, ten examples have been selected for discussion, in some depth. Some concluding remarks, promising approaches and ideas are also presented. (Author). \(24) Published by ASME, 22 Law Drive, Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900. \(9) na\(23) ADD339280 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53321 NT53321\(10) Non Destructive Pavement Evaluation Technique Using Falling Weight Deflectometer, \(20) Al-Nageim, Hassan Al-Hakim, Bachar Lesley, Lewis \(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-9648731-3-3, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, PAVEMENTS, BONDING, FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER, BACKCALCULATION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Energy Week; Book IV; Conference Papers'; Vol. III; January 29-February 2, 1996; 249-252; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An analytical method to predict the mechanical properties of a multi-layer pavement structure is presented. The development of the model is based on a modified backcalculation model, using a finite circular plate resting on an elastic layered system. The deflection of the pavement under the dynamic action of the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) is taken as a function of the load action and then characteristic strength of the layers comprising the system including the friction between the individual layers. The responses of the pavement during the impact loading of the falling weight are measured and analysed to predict the stress, strain and coefficient of friction between the layers making the system. The results revealed that the model which incorporates the interface of friction coefficient in the back-analysis technique allows for a more accurate calculation of the mechanical properties of the pavements and thus can be used as a quality control to assess the state of adhesion between the pavement layer system. \(24) Published by ASME, 22 Law Drive, Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900. \(9) na\(23) ADD339279 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53320 NT53320\(10) Fault Classification in Gearboxes Using Neural Networks, \(20) Paya, Basir Esat, Ibrahim Badi, M.N.\(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-9648731-3-3, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, CONDITION MONITORING, NEURAL NETWORKS, GEARBOXES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Energy Week; Book IV; Conference Papers'; Vol. III; January 29-February 2, 1996; 167-173; 20 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The purpose of condition monitoring, and fault diagnostics are to detect faults occurring in machinery, in order to reduce operational and maintenance costs, and provide a significant improvement in plant economy. The condition of a model drive-line was investigated. This model drive-line consists of various interconnected rotating parts, including a gearbox, two bearing blocks, and an electric motor, all connected via flexible coupling and loaded by a disc brake. The drive-line was run in its normal condition, and then single and multiple faults were intentionally introduced to the gearbox, and bearing block. The faults investigated on the drive-line were typical bearing and gear faults, which may develop during normal and continuous operation of this kind of machinery. This paper presents the investigation carried out in order to study both bearing and gear faults introduced together to the drive-line. It is shown that, by using multi-layer artificial neural networks on the condition monitoring data, single and multiple faults were successfully classified. The real time domain signals obtained from the drive-line were pre-processed by Wavelet transforms for the network to perform fault classification. (Author). \(24) Published by ASME, 22 Law Drive, Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900. \(9) na\(23) ADD339278 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53261 NT53261\(10) Nondestructive Evaluation of Ceramic and Metal Matrix Composites for NASA's Materials Programs,\(20) Generazio, Edward R. \(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 33 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-56676-334-7, CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES, METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES, ULTRASONICS, X RAYS, FLUORESCENT DYES, CHARACTERIZATION, NASA.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Ceramic Matrix Composites'; Design Approaches Testing and Life Prediction Methods; 1996; 169-201; 27 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) In a preliminary study, ultrasonic X-ray opaque and fluorescent dye penetrant nondestructive techniques were used to evaluate and characterize ceramic and metal matrix composites. Techniques are highlighted for identifying porosity, fiber alignment, fiber uniformity, matrix cracks, fiber fractures, unbonds or disbonds betweem laminae, and fiber-to-matrix bond variations. The nondestructive evaluations (NDE) were performed during processing, after processing, and after thermomechanical testing. Specific examples are given for Si3N4/SiC (SCS-6 fiber), FeCrAlY/Al2O3 (sapphire fiber), Ti-15-3/SiC (SCS-6 fiber) materials, and Si3N4/SiC (SCS-6 fiber) actively cooled panel components. Results of this study indicate that the choice of the NDE tools to be used can be optimized to yield a faithful and accurate evaluation of advanced composites. (Author).\(24) Published by Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., 851 New Holland Ave., Lancaster, PA 17604.\(9) na\(23) ADD339248 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53260 NT53260\(10) Use of Local Computerized Tomographic Inspection for Nondestructive Evaluation of Ceramic Composites, \(20) Sivers, E.A. Ellingson, W.A. Holloway, D.A.\(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 25 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-56676-334-7, COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY, CERAMIC MATERIALS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Ceramic Matrix Composites'; Design Approaches, Testing and Life Prediction Methods; 1996; 143-167; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) X-ray computerized tomography (CT) has become an important tool for the nondestructive inspection of advanced ceramic components. Recently, local tomography - a variation of conventional (global) CT - has been found to be advantageous for some applications. Unlike global CT, which produces two-dimensional, cross-sectional images of electron density, local CT produces edge-enhanced versions of these images. At each density interface, an 'overshoot' (a rapid increase/decrease in CT number, followed immediately by a decrease/increase of equal magnitude) appears that is proportional to the magnitude of the density difference. Because only the contrast between adjacent constituents in an image is displayed, local CT can improve the detectability of features in an object having a wide range of densities. It is also useful for producing high-resolution image of a region of interest (ROI) in a component too large to be encompassed by the CT X-ray beam. Without a full data set, global CT images are subject to extreme density shading. Time-consuming methods introduced previously to remedy these global density artifacts require specialized processing to replace or approximate the missing data outside the desired volume. After a brief explanation of the differences in implementation between global and local CT reconstructions, we compare the contrast, noise, and resolution in both types of image. Using simulated and real data, we demonstrate that contrast detectability in local CT images seen on a practical display is often superior to that in global CT images. (Author/Modified).\(24) Published by Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., 851 New Holland Ave., Lancaster, PA 17604.\(9) na\(23) ADD339247 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53259 NT53259\(10) Scanning Acoustic Microscopy of SCS-6 SiC Fibers in Titanium Matrices,\(20) Sathish, Shamachary Yost, William T. Cantrell, John H. Generazio, Edward R. Mackay, Rebecca A.\(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-56676-334-7, SCANNING ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPE, FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, TITANIUM, METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Ceramic Matrix Composites'; Design Approaches, Testing and LIfe Prediction Methods; 1996; 135-142; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Images of SiC fibers (Textron SCS-6) using scanning acoustic microscopy have been obtained at a frequency of 1 GHz. The contrast observed in different regions of the fiber is explained in terms of variations in the Young's modulus and mass density of the fiber. For the first time, elastic property variations in teh carbon-rich region of the fiber is reported. (Author).\(24) Published by Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., 851 New Holland Ave., Lancaster, PA 17604.\(9) na\(23) ADD339246 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53258 NT53258\(10) Acoustic Microscopic Characterization of Fiber/Matrix Interface of SiC Fiber-Reinforced Reaction-Bonded Si3N4 Matrix Composites,\(20) Sathish, Shamachary Yost, William T. Cantrell, John H. Generazio, Edward R. Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. \(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-56676-334-7, SCANNING ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPE, FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Ceramic Matrix Composites: Design Approaches Testing and Life Prediction Methods'; 1996; 127-133; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Scanning Acoustic Microscopic images of SiC fibers (Textron SCS-6) in reaction-bonded Si3N4 matrix have been obtained at a frequency of 200 MHz. The same specimens have been investigated using a fiber pushout technique to determine the interfacial shear strength. Systematic correlation between interfacial shear strength and acoustic images has been observed. This suggests that SAM can be used as a possible nondestructive technique to evaluate interfacial shear strength in fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites. (Author). \(24) Published by Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., 851 New Holland Ave., Lancaster, PA 17604.\(9) na\(23) ADD339245 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53257 NT53257\(10) Transmit-Receive Eddy Current Probes for Circumferential Cracks in Heat Exchanger Tubes, \(20) Obrutsky, Laura S. Cecco, Val S. Sullivan, Sean P. Humphrey, D. \(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, EDDY CURRENT TEST, NUCLEAR INDUSTRY, PROBES, STEAM GENERATORS, STRESS CORROSION, TUBING.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 54,1; January 1996; 93-98; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Conventional eddy current bobbin probes are known to be ineffectual in detecting circumferential cracks in tubing. Multi-pancake and/or rotating pancake probes are required to detect circumferential cracks. It has recently been demonstrated in CANDU steam generator tubes, with deformation, ferromagnetic deposits, and copper deposits, that multi-channel probes with transmit-receive (T/R) coils are superior to those using surface impedance coils. Unlike rotating probes, the design of a new probe denoted as C3 permits fast, single-scan inspection of a full-length tube at inspection speeds comparable to conventional bobbin probes. Since 1992, the probes has been used routinely for steam generator in-service inspection at four CANDU plants. Defective tubes have been plugged and the units returned to service, and they continue to operate without leaks. This paper describes the basic features of T/R surface probes. Two-dimensional voltage diagrams showing computer-derived probe response to frequency, lift-off, carbon steel supports, magnetite deposits and copper deposits are presented and compared with corresponding signals from impedance coils. Theoretical and experimental results show that T/R probes are able to detect defects in the presence of variable lift-off (due to tube-wall deformation) with ten times the signal-to-noise ratio as that exhibited by comparable pancake-type impedance probes. In addition, T/R probes are less sensitive to magnetic deposits, and possess good phase discrimination to internal\(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339244 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53256 NT53256\(10) Discontinuity Interaction and Anomalous Source Models in Through Transmission Eddy Current Testing,\(20) Mergelas, Brian J. Atherton, David L.\(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, ALUMINUM, EDDY CURRENT TESTING, PIPING, REMOTE FIELD TECHNIQUE, STEEL, STRESS CORROSION, CRACKS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 54,1; January 1996; 87-92; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Experimental measurements and numerical modeling were undertaken to study discontinuity interactions in a single through-wall transmission geometry for ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic pipes. Anomalous source models have been introduced in order to explain the responses of axial discontinuities to circumferential eddy currents or circumferential AC magnetic fields. In nonferromagnetic materials, discontinuity responses may be modeled by two types of anomalous eddy current sources. In ferromagnetic materials, an anomalous magnetization source is useful for explaining discontinuity response. (Author). \(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339243 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53255 NT53255\(10) Double Pass Retroreflection for Corrosion Detection in Aircraft Structures,\(20) Komorowski, Jerzy P. Krishnakumar, Shankar Gould, Ronald W. Bellinger, Nicholas C. Karpala, Frank\(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, AIRCRAFT, STRUCTURES, AGING AIRCRAFT, CORROSION, EDDY CURRENT TESTING, FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS, LAP SPLICE, VISUAL INSPECTION.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 54,1; January 1996; 80-86; 18 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An optical double-pass retroreflection surface inspection technique (D Sight) used for visualizing surface distortions, or protrusions has been adapted as arapid, enhanced visual inspection technique inspection of large external aircraft surfaces. A project to fully characterize the double-pass technique indications of corrosion damage in lap splices is currently active. Over 200 large transport aircraft fuselage lap splice specimens have been collected. The double-pass technique has been developed and tested both in the laboratory and in the field. In laboratory tests lap splices retrieved from retired aircraft and subjected to accelerated corrosion and lap splices naturally corroded in-service were inspected with DAIS, eddy current, X-ray, and shadow moire and subjected to tear down. It has been shown that the double-pass technique is capable of locating corrosion pillowing indicative of a thickness loss as low as 2 percent. The first field trial of the double-pass technique was based on two service bulletins requiring inspection of longitudinal and circumferential lap splices on the 737-200 aircraft from BS 259.5 to BS 1016. The DAIS 250C inspection, including analysis and report, took 36 work hours. The recommended technique in the service bulletin was close visual inspection and the time required according to the service bulletins was 278 work hours. Computer modelling of the bulging of fuselage skins due to corrosion and double-pass technique image simulation is also being conducted as a tool for inspection\(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339242 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53254 NT53254\(10) Experience with Eddy Current Imaging for the Detection of Cracks Within and Under the Clad in a Pressure Vessel, \(20) Kirby, Mark W.\(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, EDDY CURRENT IMAGING, CRACKS, PRESSURE VESSELS, CLADDING.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 54,1; January 1996; 30-33,36,37; 1 ref. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) There is a pressing need to have an effective NDE technique for the inspection of reactor pressure vessels (RPV) for within or under the clad defects. This article discusses the use of eddy current testing (ET) to perform this inspection. (Author/Modified). \(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339241 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53253 NT53253\(10) Magnetic Flux Leakage as Applied to Aboveground Storage Tank Flat Bottom Tank Floor Inspections, \(20) Amos, David M.\(11) 01 Jan 1996\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, ABOVEGROUND STORAGE TANKS, MAGNETIC FLUX LEAKAGE, FLOOR INSPECTION.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 54,1; January 1996; 26-28. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This article outlines some of the major considerations that need to be addressed in order to achieve reliable, fast, and economical inspections of AST flat bottom tank floors. (Author).\(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339240 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53588 NT53588\(10) Development of Advanced Structural Methodologies for Predicting Widespread Fatigue Damage in Aircraft Structures, \(20) Harris, Charles E. Starnes, James H., Jr. Newman, James C., Jr.\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 26 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) AGING AIRCRAFT, STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, FATIGUE DAMAGE, COMPUTER CODES, COMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) NASA is developing a 'tool box' that includes a number of advanced structural analysis computer codes which, taken together, represent the comprehensive fracture mechanics capability required to predict the onset of widespread fatigue damage. These structural analysis tools have complementary and specialized capabilities ranging from a finite element-based stress-analysis code for two- and three-dimensional built-up structures with cracks to a fatigue and fracture analysis code that uses stress-intensity factors and material-property data found in 'look-up' tables or from equations. NASA is conducting critical experiments necessary to verify the predictive capabilities of the codes, and these tests represent a first step in the technology validation and industry acceptance processes. NASA has established cooperative programs with aircraft manufacturers to facilitate the comprehensive transfer of this technology by making these advanced structural analysis codes available to industry. (Author).\(24) Published in 'FAA-NASA Sixth International Conference on the Continued Airworthiness of Aircraft Structures'; DOT/FAA/AR-96/86; December 1995; 139-164; 23 refs. \(9) na\(23) ADD339526 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53587 NT53587\(10) Integrated Methodology for Assessing Widespread Fatigue Damage in Aircraft Structures,\(20) Bigelow, Catherine A. Tan, Paul W. \(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 18 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) AGING AIRCRAFT, FATIGUE DAMAGE, STRUCTURES, AIRCRAFT.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The Airworthiness Assurance Working Group, working in cooperation with FAA and other airworthiness authorities, has made significant contributions to improving the airworthiness of the aging fleet of transport airplanes since 1988. However, some concerns still remain. Methodologies need to be developed to predict the occurence of widespread fatigue damage (WFD) and the combined effects of WFD and discrete source damage. The basic structure of transport aircraft in service today was designed to sustain large, obviously detectable damage through redundancy (fail-safe) and crack arrest features. WFD and its effect on the residual strength were not considered but must now be evaluated, particularly with aircraft being flown beyond their original design service life. A critical element in the FAA R&D program is the development of methods and tools to ensure that the residual strength of an aircraft structure is not degraded below its damage tolerance requirements due to the occurence of WFD. A practical life and risk assessment methodology, consistent with transport aircraft design and maintenance practices, is developed. The deliverables of this research are predictive models, validated by test data, which are useful in determining the occurence of WFD and its effect on residual strength. The test data and predictive models are used to provide guidelines to insure that WFD does not occur during the operational life of the aircraft. (Author/Modified). \(24) Published in 'FAA-NASA Sixth International Conference on the Continued Airworthiness of Aircraft Structures'; DOT/FAA/AR-96/86; December 1995; 121-138; 17 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(9) na\(23) ADD339525 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53586 NT53586\(10) Human Factors in Aviation Maintenance: Current FAA Research, \(20) Shepherd, William T. Drury, Colin G.\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 14 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) AGING AIRCRAFT, MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION, HUMAN FACTORS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) FAA's Office of Aviation Medicine (OAM) has for the past several years conducted an extensive program to study human performance in aircraft maintenance and inspection. The program has engaged primarily in pragmatic applied research in support of air carrier maintenance management as well as those of the FAA Aviation Safety Inspector (ASI) workforce. This paper describes a few of the pertinent research tasks currently being performed. These selected tasks fall within three programmatic areas: (1) Improving Human Inspection Reliability; (2) Advanced Technology in Training, Job Aiding, and Documentation; and (3) Technician Resource Management (TRM). This paper will focus primarily on the first of these areas. (Author).\(24) Published in 'FAA-NASA Sixth International Conference on the Continued Airworthiness of Aircraft Structures'; DOT/FAA/AR-96/86; December 1995; 91-104; 35 refs. \(9) na\(23) ADD339524 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53585 NT53585\(10) FAA-NASA Sixth International Conference on the Continued Airworthiness of Aircraft Structures,\(20) Bigelow, Catherine A. \(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 240 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) AGING AIRCRAFT, STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY, FATIGUE DAMAGE, MAINTENANCE, REPAIRS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161.\(21) The publication contains the proceedings of the FAA-NASA Sixth International Conference on the Continued Airworthiness of Aircraft Structures. These conferences are held to disseminate information on the status of activities in transport and commuter aircraft certification, rulemaking, and airline maintenance related issues for both new and aging aircraft and to offer a forum for participation by all interested parties. The theme of the conference this year was the accomplishments of the past six years and how the successes can continue. (Author). \(24) Sponsored by U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aviation Research, Washington, DC 20591. \(9) na\(23) ADD339523 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53553 NT53553\(10) New Ultrasonic Technique for Detection and Sizing of Small Cracks in Studs and Bolts, \(20) Suh, Dong M. Kim, Whan W. \(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0195-9298, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, KOREA, ULTRASONICS, BOLTS, RAYLEIGH WAVES, THREADS.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation'; 14,4; December 1995; 201-206; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) If small cracks in stud bolts are not detected early enough, they can grow rapidly and cause catastrophic disasters in industrial facilities such as nuclear power plants. Their detection, despite its importance, is known to be a very difficult problem due to the complicated structures of the stud bolts. This study shows a method of detecting the existence and determining the size of a small crack in a root between two crests in the bolt threads using ultrasound. The Rayleigh wave propagating from the tip of a crack to the opening of the same crack is utilized. A delayed pulse, due to the Rayleigh wave, is detected between regularly spaced pulses from the threads, with the delay time being proportional to the size of the crack. Theoretical explanation is presented and experimental results demonstrating detection of cracks as small as 0.5 mm are shown. (Author).\(24) Published by Plenum Publishing Corp., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013. \(9) na\(23) ADD339498 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53552 NT53552\(10) Interaction of Phase-Shifted Fields of Two Single-Turn Coils Situated Above a Conducting Medium, \(20) Derun, E.N. Kolyshkin, A.A. Vaillancourt, Remi\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0195-9298, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, LATVIA, EDDY CURRENT TESTS, PHASE SHIFT.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation'; 14,4; December 1995; 193-200; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An analytical solution is obtained for the problem of the interaction of two phase-shifted electromagnetic fields generated by two coaxial single-turn coils carrying alternating currents of the same frequency, but of different amplitudes and nonzero phase difference, psi. Two cases are considered: coils situated above a conducting half-space and above a two-layer medium. Numerical results show that psi is the most important parameter. If the values of psi and of the other parameters are chosen properly, then the curve representing the change in impedance can lie in any quadrant of the complex plane. These results can be used for developing more sensitive and more selective eddy current testing methods. (Author). \(24) Published by Plenum Publishing Corp., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013. \(9) na\(23) ADD339497 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53551 NT53551\(10) Accurate Probe-Response Calculation in Eddy Current NDE by Finite Element Method, \(20) Badies, Z. Matsumoto, Y. Aoki, K. Nakayasu, F. Uesaka, M.\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0195-9298, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, EDDY CURRENT TESTS, FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS, BENCHMARKS, EDDY CURRENT PROBES, MATHEMATICAL MODELS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation'; 14,4; December 1995; 181-192; 21 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A method is presented to evaluate flaw signals in eddy current NDE using the finite element technique. The analysis of the electromagnetic field is based on a three-dimensional finite element scheme that computes directly the electromagnetic field distortions due to defects. The direct field-distortion calculation together with an accurate unflawed field calculation provides accurate total field values in general three-dimensional geometries. The paper shows that the application of the reaction concept and the reciprocity theory allows computations of the probe responses by performing integrals over the flaw region only, even if the analysis is performed by a finite element scheme. Two benchmark problems - a plate with rectangular slot scanned by a differential probe and a tube with axial and circumferential slots scanned by an absolute probe - have been solved to demonstrate the validity and the efficiency of the method. The calculated probe responses show good agreement with the measured trajectories. In order to reach better quantitative agreement, a calibration algorithm that adjusts the parameters of the cylindrical coil model and the lift-off within the range of the geometrical tolerances has been developed. (Author). \(24) Published by Plenum Publishing Corp., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013. \(9) na\(23) ADD339496 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53550 NT53550\(10) Simple Scheme for Self-Focusing of an Array, \(20) Beardsley, B. Peterson, M. Achenbach, J.D.\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0195-9298, ARRAYS, SELF-FOCUSING, ULTRASONICS.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation'; 14,4; December 1995; 169-175; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A self-focusing technique and its application to a linear array system are presented in this paper. By application of the technique the system is capable of both sonification and reception focusing. The array is first excited as an unfocused array. Next a cross-correlation technique is used to determine time delays of reception of the largest amplitude backscattered signals at the elements of the array. The original transducer signal is then reemitted with the appropriate time delays to achieve sonification focusing on the scatterer producing the largest signal. This process is repeated in an iterative mode to focus energy on the strongest scatterer. Once insonification focusing has been achieved the last time-delay calculations are used once more for reception focusing, i.e., to correct the signals received by the individual elements for differences in arrival times. A low cost linear array has been constructed to implement the self-focusing technique. Examples demonstrate the capability of the technique to focus on the largest hole of sets of three holes in an aluminum specimen. (Author).\(24) Published by Plenum Publishing Corp., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013. \(9) na\(23) ADD339495 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53252 NT53252\(10) Laser Ultrasonics for the Evaluation of Composites and Coatings, \(20) Ringermacher, Harry I. McKie, Andrew D. \(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS, AIRCRAFT, AUTOMATION, COATINGS, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, LASERS, TIME OF FLIGHT, ULTRASONICS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 53,12; December 1995; 1356-1361; 17 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Laser ultrasonics, an esoteric laboratory curiosity in the 1960s, is finding its niche in industry today. The technique has evolved concurrently with advances in electronics and optics to achieve recent breakthroughs. Two applications will be presented here: rapid inspection of complex shaped composite structures and in-situ monitoring of a coating process in hostile environments. The ability to inspect complex shapes rapidly with in-process capability is a clear cost benefit for the NDT community, where nondestructive testing has long been viewed as an added cost. Complex shape composite structures are now common, particularly in the aircraft industry, and may be critically load bearing. The ability to inspect virtually any shape without immersion is becoming ever more important. The rapidly growing aircraft engine coating industry is moving toward higher temperature coatings and therefore more efficient engine operation. Control of the coating process will be cost effective and there simply is no other way to quantitatively assess the process at temperatures as high as 1,400 C (2,252 F). These examples serve to demonstrate how a deep understanding of a complex subject has led to timely practical applications. (Author).\(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339239 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53251 NT53251\(10) Holographic Nondestructive Testing,\(20) Rosenthal, David Trolinger, James \(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, HOLOGRAPHY, LASERS, MODAL ANALYSIS, STRAIN MEASUREMENT, NONCONTACT, OPTICAL TESTING, DEFORMATION.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 53,12; December 1995; 1353-1355; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Holographic nondestructive testing (HNDT) is a high sensitivity, full field, noncontact, optical technique for observing the changes in the surface of a part as it deforms under stress. The stress can arise from the minute application of heat, pressure, torque, or vibration. The information obtained can be used as a design aid to locate and quantify areas undergoing strain and as a quality control aid to identify structural flaws such as internal flaws or delaminations. HNDT is also used to identify and measure vibrational modes. (Author).\(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339238 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53250 NT53250\(10) Approach to Determine the Experimental Transmitter-Receiver Geometry for the Reception of Leaky Lamb Waves,\(20) Karpur, Prasanna Benson, Dianne M. Matikas, Theodore E. Kundu, Tribikram Nicolaou, Perikles D. \(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, LAMB WAVE, STAINLESS STEEL, STEEL, ULTRASONIC TESTING.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 53,12; December 1995; 1348-1352; 22 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Often, either the swept frequency technique or a combination of swept frequency and geometric analysis is used to produce the experimental Lamb wave dispersion data. This paper describes an approach for constructing dispersion curves in solid plates using Fourier analysis of received leaky Lamb wave signals. The Lamb waves are produced by pulsed ultrasound generated using two broad band transducers positioned in a pitch-catch orientation. The relative distances among the plate and the two transducers are set to specific values as per geometric calculations based on beam diffraction. The transducer defocus is used in conjunction with geometric calculations to determine the phase velocity of the Lamb wave mode being monitored. Subsequent to appropriate positioning of the transducers, the plate wave signals are Fourier transformed to obtain a magnitude versus frequency spectrum. Peaks in the spectrum indicate the presence of a Lamb wave root. The feasibility of this method, tested by successfully constructing dispersion curves for a steel plate, is compared with the 'null zone' monitoring method of generation of the dispersion curves. The geometric positioning method is further applied to a metal matrix composite sample wherein the sensitivity of various experimentally generated Lamb waves modes is assessed to detect many types of preprogrammed defects in different layers of the composite plate. (Author).\(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339237 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53249 NT53249\(10) Laser-Optical Triangulation Systems Provide New Capabilities for Remote Inspection of Interior Surfaces, \(20) McCullough, Robert W. Bondurant, P.D. Doyle, J.L.\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, REMOTE VISUAL INSPECTION, LASER-OPTICAL TRIANGULATION, GUN BARRELS, GUN TUBES.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 53,12; December 1995; 1338-1345. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The principle of triangulation has been known since the time of the early Greeks, and indeed optical triangulation has been used for hundreds of years in the field of surveying. Recently, with the advent of low-cost, compact semiconductor diode lasers, lasers have been used in optical triangulation instruments. Early applications of a laser-optical triangulation device consisted principally of sensor controls for industrial processes such as web thickness monitors and position sensors. This article summarizes recent applications of the principle of laser-optical triangulation to nondestructive testing (NDT) applications. (Author).\(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339236 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53248 NT53248\(10) Noncontact and Whole Field Strain Analysis with a Laser-Optical Strain Sensor,\(20) Ettemeyer, Andreas\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, LASER SPECKLE, LASER INTERFEROMETRY, FRACTURE MECHANICS, STRAIN SENSING.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 53,12; December 1995; 1336-1337. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Laser optic technology based on laser speckle interferometry can offer alternative methods of inspection in many newer materials. Investigations can already be carried out at very little load and little strain. (Editor). \(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339235 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53247 NT53247\(10) Crack Detection and Measurement Using Laser Pulse Heating and Thermal Microscopy, \(20) White, G. Torrington, G.\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, CRACK DETECTION, PULSED LASERS, THERMAL ANALYSIS, MICROSCOPY.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Evaluation'; 53,12; December 1995; 1332-1334; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This article describes a new approach to the surface crack length measurement problem based on the use of laser pulse heating and thermal microscopy. (Author). \(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) na\(23) ADD339234 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53246 NT53246\(10) Modal Analysis for Masonry Arch Bridge Spandrell Wall Separation Identification, \(20) Armstrong, D.M. Sibbald, A. Fairfield, C.A. Forde, M.C.\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, BRIDGES, MASONRY, DEFECT DETECTION, MODAL ANALYSIS.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 28,6; December 1995; 377-386; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The arch bridge forms an important part of our infrastructure, and maintenance of the bridge stock is becoming increasingly expensive. This paper presents the results of a nondestructive investigation of large scale model brickwork arches. Experiments were undertaken on brickwork arches using modal testing. The key features detected were: the effect of load on the backfill's surface, and the effect of spandrel wall separation from the arch itself. Mode shapes, fundamental frequencies, and damping ratios are presented for both qualitative analysis of arch behaviour. Changes in these parameters were used to detect defects in the structures; as such the method may prove useful as a tool to assist civil engineers undertaking major bridge inspections. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339233 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53245 NT53245\(10) Integrity Assessment of Masonry Arch Bridges Using the Dynamic Stiffness Technique,\(20) Armstrong, D.M. Sibbald, A. Forde, M.C.\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, BRIDGES, MASONRY, DYNAMIC TESTS, FREQUENCY RESPONSE.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 28,6; December 1995; 367-375; 14 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper describes a programme of research into the application of the dynamic stiffness technique, based upon the frequency response function, for investigating the integrity of masonry arches. Brief accounts are given of the theoretical basis, the test procedure and the analysis technique. The experimental programme is discussed and various results are presented which demonstrate the influence of applied loading on the dynamic stiffness of prototype masonry arches. The results obtained from a sound and a defective arch are compared. It is concluded that the dynamic stiffness technique provides a rapid and effective means of assessing the physical condition of masonry arches. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339232 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53244 NT53244\(10) Sea Defences: Geophysical and NDT Investigation Techniques,\(20) Fenning, P.J. McCann, D.M. \(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, MARINE APPLICATIONS, STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, GROUND PENETRATING RADAR, CONCRETE, STONE, ELECTROMAGNETIC TESTING, SEISMIC EVALUATION.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 28,6; December 1995; 359-366; 19 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Geophysical survey techniques provide a cost effective and direct method for locating anomalous features and zones of weakness within sea defences and man-made structures located at the sea-land interface. Combined with simple nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques the presence of cavities, zones of weakness and salt water ingression may be detected. This paper reviews available techniques and illustrates the application of several techniques to particular structural situations such as the detection of voids and material changes beneath sea defences and promenades and the monitoring of zones of weakness in a stone pier. With the recent advances in electronics, improved instrumentation is becoming available which, with the developments in computer based interpretation software, is leading to several geophysical techniques being far more applicable to site investigation prior to the construction of new structures and the long term monitoring of existing structures for possible in-situ defects. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339231 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53243 NT53243\(10) Advanced NDT Methods for Evaluating Concrete Bridges and Other Structures,\(20) Sack, Dennis A. Olson, Larry D.\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, BRIDGES, CONCRETE, SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, SURFACE WAVES.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 28,6; December 1995; 349-357; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Several advances in methods and equipment for sonic and ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) of concrete structures are presented, including advances formethods applicable to large structures such as bridges and dams. These new advances and methods greatly increase the speed and accuracy of many NDT investigations, and allow collection of NDT information previously not readily obtainable. The first topic presented is a brief overview of the impact echo (IE) method along with a case history on how it has been employed in testing concrete structures. The IE method isused to locate damage and determine member thickness when access is available from one side only. The next topic is a relatively new NDT method for concrete using surface wave analysis, in a method known as the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) technique. This allows the determination of the shear wave velocity profile versus depth for any layered system and is particularly applicable to testing pavements, slabs, tunnels, shaft liners, and massive concrete structures. For bridges and dams, the technique is particularly effective in determining the depth of weathering effects on the concrete. Included is an overview of the method and the principles behind it, as well as some case history examples. The final topic presented is an advance in the technique of ultrasonic plus velocity (UPV) testing. This advance involves the use ofrapid scanning techniques to greatly increase the speed and utility of UPV testing. The UPV method uses compression wave energy which is sent through a member and the arrival time, wave amplitude, and velocity are recorded and computed. This new scanning technology allows the near-continuous acquisition of data along any given path over a structure. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339230 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53242 NT53242\(10) Evaluation and Testing of a Fracture Critical Bridge, \(20) Idriss, R.L. White, K.R. Woodward, C.B. Jauregui, D.V.\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, BRIDGES, FRACTURE(MECHANICS), STEEL.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 28,6; December 1995; 339-347; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The I-40 bridges over the Rio Grande in Albuquerque, New Mexico were due to be razed in the fall of 1993 due to geometry and traffic safety considerations, thus providing a unique opportunity for testing them. These medium span steel bridges represent a common design in the US and are classified by AASHTO as non-redundant 'fracture critical' two girder steel bridges (fracture critical classification means that failure of a primary member would probably cause collapse of the bridge). The subject bridge, built in 1963, is a 1275 foot (600 m) bridge, and consists of three medium span continuous units with spans of 131'-163'-131' each. The bridge was field tested to determine the impact of a near full depth girder fracture on the redistribution of loads, the load capacity, and the potential for collapse. Four levels of damage were introduced in the middle span of the north plate girder by making various cuts in the web and the flange of the girder. The final cut resulted in a six foot deep crack in the 10 ft deep girder, extending from the bottom flange to the floor beam to girder connection. Data was taken under dead load and under a static live load consisting of an 82,000 lb truck. The after fracture response and the load redistribution in the fractured bridge were evaluated. The contribution of the different members to the redundancy of the structure was assessed. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339229 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53241 NT53241\(10) Ultrasonic Measurements and Static Load Tests in Bridge Evaluation,\(20) Hassan, Munzer Burdet, Olivier Favre, Renaud \(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, SWITZERLAND, ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT, BRIDGES, LOADS(FORCES), CONCRETE, STATIC LOADING, MODULUS OF ELASTICITY.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 28,6; December 1995; 331-337; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The cross-sectional stiffness of a bridge depends on one hand on its geometry and on the other hand on its material properties. The inclusion in the stiffness of 'non-structural' elements such as parapets or asphalt layers leads to better estimates of deflections under the load test. The most important unknown variable remains however the concrete's modulus of elasticity. Ultrasonic measurements offer a cost-effective and nondestructive alternative for the determination of the modulus of elasticity of concrete in an existing structure. A computerized database was established to investigate the actual behaviour of bridges subjected to a load test. The database currently contains the results of over 200 load tests carried out by our institute, along with the geometry of the bridges. Ultrasonic measurements are currently being used to determine the actual modulus of elasticity of these bridges, with the purpose of better understanding the behaviour of structures subjected to short term loads. Drilled cores were taken from a limited number of bridges and the modulus of elasticity of cores is compared with the modulus predicted by the ultrasonic measurements. A case study showing the evolution of the modulus of elasticity of the Aubonne bridge determined by these various methods is presented. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339228 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53240 NT53240\(10) Acoustic Emission and Force Sensing for Dynamic Monitoring of Turning Operations, \(20) Saini, D. Siores, E.\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0157-6461, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, AUSTRALIA, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, SENSORS, PROCESS CONTROL, MACHINE TOOLS.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Non-Destructive Testing Australia'; 32,6; November-December 1995; 165-167; 22 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper describes a dual sensor approach for monitoring turning operations and outlines the benefits obtained using hybrid sensing systems for predicting tool condition and life expectancy. Both acoustic emission and force sensing techniques have been employed to assess in-process tool wear over time during CNC machining of mild steel specimens. The effect of feed rate, depth of cut and cutting speed on emission and force signals is discussed together with the effect of progressive tool quality deterioration on sensors output. Evidence suggests that these sensors can be utilised to provide reliable feedback information for potentially controlling the quality of the cut. (Author). \(24) Published by Australian Institute for Non-Destructive Testing, P.O. Box 52, Parkville, 3052, Australia.\(9) na\(23) ADD339227 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53239 NT53239\(10) Infrared Thermography for Monitoring the Robotic Welding Process, \(20) Kim, I.S. Siores, E. Basu, A. \(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0157-6461, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, AUSTRALIA, INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY, PROCESS CONTROL, ROBOTICS, WELDING.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Non-Destructive Testing Australia'; 32,6; November-December 1995; 162-164; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The application of infrared thermography for the adaptive control of Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process is discussed in this paper. Joint tracking capabilities of the system also are detailed together with the control strategies that need to be followed to complete the process cycle. Welding process parameters were purposely varied and thermal response fluctuations were recorded, infrared images were compared and contrasted with those extracted using machine vision. It was found that reasonable correlations exist between two systems, infrared thermography and machine vision, as far as weld pool geometry interrogation is concerned. The technique can be used to adaptively control the welding process in real-time. (Author).\(24) Published by Australian Institute for Non-Destructive Testing, P.O. Box 52, Parkville, 3052, Australia.\(9) na\(23) ADD339226 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53238 NT53238\(10) Graphic Data Management System for Inspection of Piping, \(20) Morgner, W. Hauk, T. \(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, PRESSURE VESSELS, PIPING, CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, DATA MANAGEMENT.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,12; December 1995; 992-993; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Conventional inspection of pipework combined with preparing general isometrics, non-destructive wall thickness measurement and flaw detection, as well as strength and stress analysis, have turned out to be an optimal approach to analysing the actual condition of equipment. For such a comprehensive condition analysis, a European patent has been granted to NSQ Hauk GmbH. The approach has yielded satisfactory results in a great many large chemical companies and power stations, and it may be approved of as an alternative to pressure testing required by the German Pressure Vessel Code. Compared to a hydrostatic pressure test, savings amount to 30% for the initial application and about 80% for repeated applications. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339225 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53237 NT53237\(10) Ultrasonic Testing of Rails, \(20) Sladojevic, B.\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, BOSNIA, RAILROADS, RAIL, ULTRASONIC TESTING,; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,12; December 1995; 987-991; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The rails are an important and vital part of a railway system and are exposed, during service, to high stresses of different types, frequency and orientation and also to different environmental conditions. In Europe, rail quality and the acceptance criteria are regulated by international standard UIC 860 V, with which all national standards are in accordance. The requirements for rail quality are increasing with increasing traffic density. The high external stresses are superimposed with the internal stresses, representing a serious load on rails with the potential to extend existing flaws which may lead to rail fracture. Inherent flaws resulting from deviations in the technology of steel production and processing, as well as the final stages of finishing, are considered in this work. The most frequent flaws occurring during the operation, classified per type and position, are considered. The possibilities of using ultrasonic testing in control quality of new rails (manufacture) and rails in operation (service) in order to detect flaws and determine their position and nature are also described. It has been found that by ultrasonic testing of rails, using different probes and frequencies, internal flaws such as flakes, cracks, non-metallic inclusions can be successfully detected, and relevant examples are given. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339224 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53236 NT53236\(10) Theoretical Model for the Determination of the Optimal Irradiation Conditions for Computerised Tomography,\(20) Hammersberg, P. Stenstrom, M. Sandborg, M. Matscheko, G. Alm-Carlsson, G. \(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, SWEDEN, MODELS(SIMULATIONS), COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY, IRRADIATION.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,12; December 1995; 978-985; 25 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Image quality in Computerized Tomography (CT) depends strongly on the quality of the CT-projection data. These depend on sample composition and geometry, contrasting details within the sample and the equipment used, i.e., X-ray spectra, filtration, detector response and geometry. This paper focuses on the problem of selecting the optimal physical parameters to maximise the signal-to-noise in CT projection data (SNR sub CT) between a contrasting detail and the surrounding sample for CT-scanners equipped with poly-energetic X-ray sources (conventional X-ray tubes) and energy integrating detector systems (image intensifier and optical video chain). The work includes the derivation and verification of a theoretical model for SNR sub CT which can be used for predicting the optimal physical parameters for specific imaging tasks. It is shown that simplified calculations valid for mono-energetic X-ray sources and/or photon counting detectors do not correctly predict the optimal settings. This study also includes measurements of the actual X-ray source and photon transport Monte Carlo simulations of the response of the detector \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339223 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53235 NT53235\(10) Practical Approach to Probability of Detection with Magnetic Particle Inspection, \(20) Lovejoy, D.J. \(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION, PROBABILITY OF DETECTION, HUMAN FACTORS.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,12; December 1995; 974-977. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) With this paper the author aims to arouse interest - even disagreement - in his intuitive findings on the influence of human factors on the probability of detection when using magnetic particle inspection. (Editor). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339222 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53234 NT53234\(10) Experiment to Monitor Adhesive Cure Using Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers,\(20) Dixon, S. Edwards, C. Palmer, S.B. \(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, ADHESIVE BONDS, EPOXY, CURE, ELECTROMAGNETIC-ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCERS.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,12; December 1995; 969-973; 15 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Epoxy resins exhibit viscoelastic behaviour over the ultrasonic range of frequencies for acoustic waves. This paper examines the acoustic properties of a two-component room-temperature air-curing epoxy adhesive bond, and how these properties change as the adhesive hardens. Such an analysis yields information concerning the interface shear stiffness and cohesive nature changes during cure. In this experiment, the adhesive is used to bond two aluminum plates together. Typically, this type of experiment employs a contact transducer, which itself needs to be glued or otherwise fixed to the outer surface of one adherent. The transducer used here, however, was an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT), which was designed to generate radially polarised shear waves without physical contact to the sample. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339221 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53233 NT53233\(10) High-Frequency Dielectric Investigations of Adhesive Bonded Structures,\(20) Banks, W.M. Hayward, D. Joshi, S.B. Li, Zhi-Cheng Jeffrey, K.\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, ADHESIVE BONDS, DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,12; December 1995; 964-968; 15 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Application of high-frequency dielectric spectroscopy to the examination of adhesive bonded structures are discussed. Related investigations of water diffusion into epoxy resins and hydration of alumina are presented. Using the supplementary data it is possible to interpret the changes which occur on ageing of a joint structure at 70 C in water over an extended period of time. \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339220 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53232 NT53232\(10) Ultrasonic Compression Wave NDT of Adhered Metal Lap Joints of Uncertain Dimensions, \(20) Challis, R.E. Freemantle, R.J. White, J.D. Wilkinson, G.P.\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, ADHESIVE JOINTS, LAP JOINTS, METALS, PULSE ECHO TECHNIQUE.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,12; December 1995; 954-963; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This paper is concerned with non-destructive testing of adherend lap joints using simple compression wave pulse-echo apparatus applied to bondlines in which the thickness of the adhesive layer is not known, and to which physical access is only available on one side of the structure. We consider in detail the nature of the time domain reflection response using a combination of results simulated using a transfer matrix wave propagation model, and results obtained from physical experiment. An adaptive filter is introduced which enables the decay rate of reverberation in the front adherend to be estimated. This parameter can be used as the basis of front adherend disbond detection, and possibly to detect wrong material as distinct from cured adhesive, in contact with the adherend. A discussion is included which assesses the computation errors that would be involved in using the reverberation decay rate to estimate the characteristic impedance of the adhesive layer, and thence its cure state. The adaptive fiber is then used to reduce the extent to which strong adherend reverberations mask very low amplitude echoes which are diagnostic of a void-disbond between the adhesive and rear adherend, furthest from the interrogating transducer. Whether or not such a disbond is detectable is determined for a range of adhesive layer and adherend thicknesses. For the purpose of comparison with the time domain analysis we include a brief discussion on the use of the frequency domain representation of the bond reflection response for similar detection tasks; it is shown that the frequency domain can be employed in situations when the bond layer thicknesses are known, but would not be appropriate if these dimensions are not known a priori. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339219 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53231 NT53231\(10) Non-Destructive Testing Methods for Adhesively Bonded Joint Inspection - A Review,\(20) Munns, I.J. Georgiou, G.A.\(11) 01 Dec 1995\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, ADHESIVE JOINTS, BONDED JOINTS, ULTRASONICS, VIBRATION TESTS, HOLOGRAPHY, RADIOGRAPHY, NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE, DIELECTRICS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Pubished in 'Insight'; 37,12; December 1995; 941-952; 57 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Industry's wider exploitation of modern structural adhesives remains hampered by inadequate quality inspection procedures. Certain stringent checks may be performed as part of the manufacturing process, but the degree of confidence with which bonded joint strength can be stated is limited. Consequently, at the design stage, highly conservative safety factors are incorporated into many load-bearing adhesive joints. For example, adhesives used in aerospace applications are rarely loaded above 5% of their ultimate tensile strength, and during manufacture the emphasis is placed on controlling process parameters, rather than attempting to inspect for quality and integrity afterwards. Thus, the full potential of adhesively bonded joints is not being realised. This highlights the need for more effort to be directed at the development of effective non-destructive testing methods for this application. This paper describes the nature of the defects which can arise in adhesively bonded joints and goes on to review those existing NDT methods which may be suitable for their detection and measurement. Finally, the current research effort directed at application of the methods to adhesively bonded joints is described. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339218 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53549 NT53549\(10) Methodology for the Economic Assessment of Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques Used in Aircraft Inspection. \(20) Brechling, Vanessa J. \(11) 01 Nov 1995\(15) 53 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS, PROBABILITY OF DETECTION, AGING AIRCRAFT.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This report details a methodology for the economic evaluation of emerging nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods applicable to aircraft inspection. The methodology is based on the economic principle of cost benefit analysis (CBA). CBA measures the future stream of benefits and costs to implement a project (such as investment in a new inspection technique) relative to a scenario in which the project is not implemented. An analysis of the net benefits to both private aircraft operators and society in general is discussed. (Author). Descriptive Note: Final rept., \(24) na\(9) na\(23) ADD339494 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53548 NT53548\(10) Validation of the Magneto-Optic/Eddy-Current Imager. \(20) Brechling, Vanessa J. Spencer, Floyd\(11) 01 Nov 1995\(15) 59 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) MAGNETOPTICS, EDDY CURRENTS, IMAGING, PROBABILITY OF DETECTION, AGING AIRCRAFT.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161.\(21) This report details the validation analysis of PRI's Magneto-Optic/Eddy-Current Imager (MOI). The analysis includes both a reliability analysis of the system and an economic analysis of the potential benefits and costs related to its use. The reliability analysis consisted of blind inspections of well characterized panels simulating a fuselage lap splice. The panels contained cracks of known sizes emanating from under rivet heads on the upper rows of rivets. The MOI inspection times were less, on average, than were inspection times using a sliding probe. Twenty percent reduction in inspection times is consistent with the data obtained and is used as a baseline for the economic analysis. The economic analysis considers the effects of individual factors that contribute to the cost effectiveness of the MOI. The possible returns on the investment for a representative maintenance facility are calculated using the net present value methodology. Specific characteristics are defined for the representative facility, and they they are varied to account for the differences in the maintenance community. For a facility which can take full advantage of the potential time and labor savings associated with implementation of the MOI, the investment in MOI would generate a positive return in less than one year. In this fully competitive scenario the cumulative net present value at the end of the tenth year would be over $160,000. Under a semi-competitive scenario, the net present value is negative throughout the life cycle of the investment. Descriptive Note: Final rept., \(24) na\(9) na\(23) ADD339493 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53230 NT53230\(10) Non-Destructive Evaluation for Corrosion in Ageing Aircraft. Part 2. Radiography, Mechanical Impedance, and Alternative Methods; Comparison of Techniques, \(20) Smith, R.A.\(11) 01 Nov 1995\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, AGING AIRCRAFT, NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY, X RADIOGRAPHY, COMPTON SCATTERING, CORROSION, ULTRASONICS, EDDY CURRENTS, VISUAL TESTING, THERMOGRAPHY, OPTICAL TESTING, MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,11; November 1995; 884-891; 22 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) In both military and civil aircraft operations, where many aircraft are suffering the effects of corrosion, there is an increasing need to detect and characterise corrosion at an early stage. It is unlikely that one all-encompassing large-area high-resolution corrosion inspection method for ageing aircraft will ever be attainable. However, a common strategy, utilising several different NDE techniques may already be possible, covering many aircraft types. In principle, a large-area detection technique could be employed to highlight suspect areas and then the appropriate characterisation method used to assess the area and severity of corrosion. This paper describes the results of an intercomparison of currently-available and future non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques for corrosion in ageing aircraft. Ultrasonic techniques can detect disbonds, provide quantitative information about first-layer thickness (to a resolution of 30 microns) and about the roughness of surfaces, but ultrasound is limited to the first one or two layers in a structure. Eddy current methods can detect plate separation due to the presence of corrosion products, and material thinning in the first or deeper layers. X-radiographic images of less than 3% corrosion are possible in metal thicknesses of 4mm or less. Thicker areas could require the use of neutron radiography if the area is free of sealant and variable paint thicknesses. Further developments of both ultrasonic and eddy current methods should increase the speed and ease of inspection, whilst improving the ability to quantify the depth and extent of corrosion. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339217 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53229 NT53229\(10) Analysis of Pavements Using an Acoustic Wave Method. Part 2. Inverse Process, \(20) Aklaghi, B.T. Cogill, W.H. Yandell, W.O. \(11) 01 Nov 1995\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, AUSTRALIA, SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVES, PAVEMENTS, HIGHWAYS, AIRFIELDS, ELASTIC PROPERTIES, INVERSE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,11; November 1995; 879-883; 21 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Measurements of the velocities of surface acoustic waves generated on highway and airfield pavements are capable of providing information concerning the elastic properties of the materials in the pavement layers. The two stages in the use of the acoustic wave method for the evaluation of pavement layered structures are (i) the establishment of the experimental dispersion curve from the data collected in the field, and (ii) the inversion of the dispersion curve to determine the elastic parameters of the system. The establishment of the dispersion curve has been described in detail in a companion paper. Most of the inverse methods developed thus far have been based on numerical procedures, which are greatly time-consuming and depend on the experience of the user. As wave propagation in elastic plates is analogous to propagation in layered structures, a graphical inverse method based on the assumption of the free plate response is presented. This technique provides a fast, useful and economic procedure for determining elastic moduli and thickness of layers in a pavement structure. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339216 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53228 NT53228\(10) Non-Destructive Assessment of Structures Using the Integrity Index Method Applied to a Concrete Highway Bridge,\(20) Salawu, O.S. \(11) 01 Nov 1995\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, BRIDGES, HIGHWAYS, CONCRETE, STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,11; November 1995; 875-878; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Various non-destructive test methods exist for detailed investigation of components, relatively small-scale structures and parts of larger structures. Before detailed investigations, the first stage of any assessment (especially on large structures) involves determining the defective areas of the structure. Most NDT methods are inappropriate or not too efficient for this task. One NDT procedure, called the Integrity Index method, which is suitable for monitoring the global condition of a structure and determining defective areas, is the subject ofthis paper. The method is based on modal testing and uses measured natural frequencies and mode shapes to compute indices which indicate the existence and location of defects. A brief description of the development of the method is given and its application to a full-scale structure presented. The method was applied to data obtained from testing a structure before and after repairs. From the results, it was possible to identify areas of the structure affected by the repairs. Some details of the structure and the experimental procedure adopted are also given. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339215 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53227 NT53227\(10) Radar Measurement of Density Variations Around an Arch Bridge,\(20) Fairfield, C.A. Sibbald, A. Forde, M.C.\(11) 01 Nov 1995\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, BRIDGES, GROUND PENETRATING RADAR, DENSITY, POROSITY, DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,11; November 1995; 871-874; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This paper describes a novel application of Ground Probing Radar (GPR) to the assessment of backfilled brickwork arches. The method provided a rapid and cost-effective means of determining the spatial variation of density in the backfill around a brickwork arch. Independent calibration of radar density measurements was undertaken by sand pluviation and subsequent manual density measurement. Density variations of the order of 2 kNm(to the -3 power) were detected by the correlation of radar and pluviated density measurements. Significant density gradients were detected by the successful correlation of porosity, and hence density with dielectric constant. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339214 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53226 NT53226\(10) NDT of Arch Bridges, \(20) Sibbald, A. Bensalem, A. Fairfield, C.A.\(11) 01 Nov 1995\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, BRIDGES, FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS, INFRASTRUCTURE.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,11; November 1995; 864-870; 14 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Britain's arches are subjected to increasing gross vehicle weights and heavier axle loads under the harmonisation of European Union transport policy. This research has been developed by the authors in order to assist Engineers assessing the condition of the many arch bridges in our infrastructure. The work consists of three distinct themes: method development and validation, finite element analysis, and experiments for each of the following NDT methods: dynamic stiffness testing, modal analysis, and natural frequency analysis. Transient shock and steady-state excitation methods were compared and evaluated with the conclusion that transient shock, or impact, excitation was vastly superior for arch bridge analysis. Finite element analysis (FEA) using the LUSAS suite provided detailed analysis of arch dynamic behaviour. Bare arches, arches with added spandrels, and arches with soil-filled spandrels were analyzed. Extensive parametric studies were done to explore the technique's sensitivity for assessment purposes prior to experimental work commencing. Experimental work on laboratory 2 m span brickwork arches with additional components as described above were tested. Future research will extend to field tests on in-situ arches. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339213 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53225 NT53225\(10) New 'Lock-In' Thermography System Achieves World First In Materials Testing. \(20) na\(11) 01 Nov 1995\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, THERMOGRAPHY, FAULT DETECTION, DELAMINATIONS, INCLUSIONS, AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS, AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS, DEFECTS(MATERIALS).; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,11; November 1995; 860-861. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Article describes development of a new NDT system which enables defects such as delaminations or inclusions to be pinpointed quickly and accurately up to several millimeters below the surface of a material. This system should prove popular in the automotive, aerospace, and electronics industries where materials testing plays an important part in product development. \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339212 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53012 NT53012\(10) Visualisation of 3D Ultrasonic NDT Data, \(20) McNab, A. Cornwell, I.H.\(11) 01 Oct 1995\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, THREE DIMENSIONAL, ULTRASONICS, VISUALIZATION.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,10; October 1995; 814-819; 14 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Recently there has been increasing interest in the transfer of NDT data across high-speed communication networks, making use of remote expertise for classification. For this reason, the authors' interest is in fast visualisation techniques which do not cause wasteful delays for the NDT expert. It is important to note that ultrasonic images may not provide an exact spatial representation, but should contain enough information for an expert to determine the contents of the specimen under test. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339017 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53011 NT53011\(10) Problems in Radiographic Inspection of 2, 4, 6 and 8-mm Thick Steel Welded Plates,\(20) Holmstrom, J.E.\(11) 01 Oct 1995\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FINLAND, RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECTION, STEEL, PLATES, WELDS, WELDED JOINTS.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,10; October 1995; 808-812; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Based on the rules of the coming European Standard prEN-1435:1995 'Non-destructive examination of welded joints', the maximum permissible X-ray kilovoltages and the thickness-latitude were discussed in a previous article. Results were given for five different X-ray equipments and four radiographic film types. In this article concerning steel thicknesses 2-8 mm, the non-linear shape of the exposure curve for small thicknesses must be taken into account. The authors considers a 'point of homogeneity' below which the curve is non-linear, where exposure-times do not follow the half-logarithmic line in relation to material thickness and where thickness-latitude values are considerably smaller than might be expected. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339016 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53010 NT53010\(10) Non-Destructive Evaluation for Corrosion in Ageing Aircraft. Part 1. Introduction, Ultrasonic and Eddy Current Methods,\(20) Smith, R.A.\(11) 01 Oct 1995\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, AGING AIRCRAFT, CORROSION, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, EDDY CURRENT TESTS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,10; October 1995; 798-807; 22 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) In both military and civil aircraft operations, where many aircraft are suffering the effects of corrosion, there is an increasing need to detect and characterise corrosion at an early stage. It is unlikely that one all-encompassing large-area high-resolution corrosion inspection method for ageing aircraft will ever be attainable. However, a common strategy, utilising several different NDE techniques, may already be possible, covering many aircraft types. In principle, a large-area detection technique could be employed to highlight suspect areas and then the appropriate characterisation method used to assess the area and severity of corrosion. This paper describes the results of an intercomparison of currently-available and future non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques for corrosion in ageing aircraft. Ultrasonic techniques can detect disbonds, provide quantitative information about first-layer thickness (to a resolution of 30 microns) and about the roughness of surfaces, but ultrasound is limited to the first one or two layers in a structure. Eddy current methods can detect plate separation due to the presence of corrosion products, and material thinning in the first or deeper layers. X-radiographic images of less than 3% corrosion are possible in metal thicknesses of 4 mm or less. Thicker areas could require the use of neutron radiography if the area could require the use of neutron radiography if the area is free of sealant and variable paint thicknesses. Further developments of both ultrasonic and eddy current methods should increase the speed and ease of inspection, whilst improving the ability to quantify the \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339015 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53009 NT53009\(10) Relating Remote Field Eddy Current Signals to Anomalous Source Models,\(20) Mergelas, B.J. Atherton, D.L.\(11) 01 Oct 1995\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, REMOTE FIELD TECHNIQUE, EDDY CURRENT TESTS, MODELS(SIMULATIONS), ANOMALIES.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,10; October 1955; 792-797; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The voltage plane polar plot analysis method used in remote field testing is based on radial field transmission and the percentage overlap between a defect and a detector coil. It is successful when inspecting small-bore tubes using probes with coaxial detector coils. The recent development of anomalous source models to describe the detailed responses of defects in electromagnetic testing is promising for predicting the remote field response of slit defects in larger-diameter tubes. A comparison is made between the anomalous source models used to describe defect interactions in electromagnetic testing and the voltage plane representation and normalisation procedure used for remote field eddy current signals. The normalisation procedure and the isolation of anomalous signals are compared in terms of background or defect-free phasors and phasors measured in the presence of a defect. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339014 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53008 NT53008\(10) Reducing the Influence of Human Factors on the Reliability of Manual Ultrasonic Weld Inspection, \(20) Passi, G.S. Shoef, Y. Kritsky, M.V. \(11) 01 Oct 1995\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ISRAEL, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, WELDS, HUMAN FACTORS, RELIABILITY.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,10; October 1995; 788-791; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Because of the reliability of low-cost manual ultrasonic testing is limited by human factors, it cannot compete with radiographic inspection of welded joints, in spite of the higher attainable flaw sensitivity. To minimise these human factors, a new 'F-Sonic' manual ultrasonic testing procedure has been developed. The principles, the results obtained and some new concepts are discussed. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339013 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53007 NT53007\(10) Study of the Sources of Sizing Error Incurred in Manual Ultrasonic NDT,\(20) Worrall, G.M. Chapman, R.K. Seed, H. \(11) 01 Oct 1995\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, ULTRASONICS, DEFECT SIZING, ERRORS.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,10; October 1995; 780-787; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Errors are inevitably incurred when sizing defects by manual ultrasonic NDT, even when the defect echoes are clear and unambiguous, and no human blunders are made by the inspector. These sizing errors are due to small random fluctuations in the various calibration and measurement processes which constitute a manual ultrasonic inspection, and due to inherent errors in the sizing technique itself. This paper describes a study undertaken to quantify 11 of these random fluctuations: the so-called 'primary errors'. Examples are the error in calibrating the probe beam angle, the error in reading the range off the flaw detector screen, and the error due to coupling variations caused by roughness of the scanning surface. In most cases, careful experimental studies were performed to quantify the particular primary error in isolation from the others, using a number of qualified inspectors and processing their results statistically. The results can be used in existing algorithms to obtain a statistical estimate for the overall defect sizing error. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339012 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53490 NT53490\(10) Numerical Investigation of the Elastothermodynamic Damping of Fiber-Reinforced Metal-Matrix Composites,\(20) Milligan, K.B. Kinra, V.K.\(11) 01 Sep 1995\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0021-8936, ELASTOTHERMODYNAMICS, DAMPING, COMPOSITES, MATHEMATICAL MODELS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Applied Mechanics'; 62; September 1995; 816-818; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Recently we developed a numerical technique for calculating elastothermodynamic damping for a variety of planar problems where the heat conduction may occur in both in-plane directions. Using this technique, we present a numerical solution to a more realistic model of a MMC; a circular fiber embedded in a square matrix; for brevity, we will refer to it as the square matrix model (SMM). It is obvious that we can fill the entire space using SMM representative volume elements (RVEs). For identical fiber size and volume fraction, we will compare the results of the CMM and the SMM. We will also examine - to a first approximation - the effect of a random distribution of fibers on ETD. (Author).\(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017.\(9) na\(23) ADD339442 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53006 NT53006\(10) Quality Assurance in Film Radiography,\(20) VAN Bellegem, L. Vaessen, B. Janssens, J. \(11) 01 Sep 1995\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, BELGIUM, QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIOGRAPHY, FILMS, STANDARDS, ISO.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,9; September 1995; 698-699. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The ISO 9000 standards were originally developed during the 1980s to provide uniform, worldwide quality assurance requirements. The EC adopted these standards as part of a modular approach to 'conformity assessment' procedures, for several product categories. This includes the development of standards (specifications) which define what the purchaser wants and what the supplier agrees to provide, as well as quality system registration (certification) which increases confidence in the suppliers' ability to produce goods of consistent quality. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339011 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53005 NT53005\(10) Investigation of Thin Objects by Electron Radiography,\(20) Ekinci, S. Bas, N. Yildirim, A. \(11) 01 Sep 1995\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, TURKEY, ELECTRON RADIOGRAPHY, THIN LAYERS, PAPER, MONEY.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,9; September 1995; 695-697; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Electron radiography uses photoelectrons produced by X-rays for registering an image of a specimen on radiographic film. Specimens examined by electron radiography are limited by the range of electrons to thin, light materials. Papers, wood shavings, leaves, fabrics, and thin sheets of rubber and plastics can be examined by this method. There are two methods for obtaining electron radiography of thin objects; one based on transmission and the other on emission. The selection of method depends on the investigation being made on the subject. In this work, the structure and production histories of thin objects such as banknotes and stamps have been investigated by electron radiography. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339010 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53004 NT53004\(10) Using Film Density Variations for Determination of Pipe Thickness Variation in Gamma-Ray Radiography, \(20) Rheinlander, J. Christiansen, H.H.\(11) 01 Sep 1995\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, DENMARK, PIPE, GAMMA RADIOGRAPHY, WALL THICKNESS, FILMS, DENSITY, IMAGE ANALYSIS, CONDITION MONITORING.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,9; September 1995; 691-694,697; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This paper describes a method and the equipment developed for semi-automated determination of remaining wall thickness in pipes, by digital image analysis of the gamma-ray exposed radiograph. The pixel grey level value of the digital image is calibrated to the film density value, and this is used for calculation of the inspected sample thickness variations at specific image coordinates. The calculation requires that the variations and interdependence of the photon energy, the film contrast factor, the build-up factor and the thickness variation, due to the projection of the image of the pipe onto a plane, is determined. Analysis of the calibration procedures has shown that a digital image processing system may be applied for derivation of quantitative information related to the optical density of the radiographic film. The accuracy of the method has been evaluated on a 6.5 mm wall thickness test pipe section with milled external 'defects' with maximum depth 2 and 5 mm. The results show that the pipe wall thickness variation can be determined with an accuracy better than 0.5 mm. The advantages of the developed system is the ability to determine the pipe thickness differences within a large region quantitatively in a comparatively short time, without the necessity to radiograph special calibration specimens. This makes radiographic condition monitoring more accurate and cost-effective.\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339009 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53389 NT53389\(10) Stress Wave Technique for Determining Quality of Dimensional Lumber from Switch Ties, \(20) Schad, Kristin C. Kretschmann, David E. McDonald, Kent A. Ross, Robert J. Green, David W.\(11) 01 Aug 1995\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) WOOD, PULSE ECHO TECHNIQUE, TRANSVERSE, WAVES, VIBRATION, SPEED OF SOUND.; \(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (PB96-100763). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Researchers at the Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, have been studying nondestructive techniques for evaluating the strength of wood. This report describes the results of a pilot study on using these techniques to determine the quality of large dimensional lumber cut from switch ties. First, pulse echo and dynamic (transverse vibration) techniques were used to determine the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 12 untreated red oak switch ties. The ties were then sawn into nominal 2 by 8 specimens, which were later resawn into nominal 2 by 4 specimens. Pulse echo and transverse vibration techniques were used to determine the MOE of the individual lumber members. Positive correlations were observed between the pulse echo MOE of a switch tie and the full-length parallel-to-grain pulse echo MOE and dynamic MOE of the lumber sawn from the tie. The accuracy of the prediction of lumber MOE decreased with a reduction in the size of the members; the greater the number of members cut from the tie, the less accurate the prediction. Strong relationships were seen between pulse echo and dynamic MOE of both green and dry lumber. (Author). \(24) Performed by USDA Forest Service, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705-2398. \(9) na\(23) ADD339341 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53489 NT53489\(10) Elastothermodynamic Damping of Fiber-Reinforced Metal-Matrix Composites, \(20) Milligan, K.B. Kinra, V.K.\(11) 01 Jun 1995\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0021-8936, COMPOSITES, METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES, FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, ELASTOTHERMODYNAMICS, DAMPING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Applied Mechanics'; 62; June 1995; 441-449; 31 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Recently, taking the second law of thermodynamics as a starting point, a theoretical framework for an exact calculation of the elastothermodynamic damping in metal-matrix composites has been presented by the authors. Using this work as a foundation, we solve two canonical boundary value problems concerning elastothermodynamic damping in continuous-fiber-reinforced metal-matrix composites: (1) a fiber in an infinite matrix, and (2) using the general methodology given by Bishop and Kinra (1993), a fiber in a finite matrix. In both cases, the solutions were obtained for the following loading conditions: (1) uniform radial stress and (2) uniform axial strain. (Author).\(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017.\(9) na\(23) ADD339441 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53022 NT53022\(10) Multiple NDT Ensures Quality at British Steel's Hartlepool Mill, \(20) Houghton, D.K.\(11) 01 Jun 1995\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, STEEL, PIPES, MANUFACTURING PLANTS, OIL, NATURAL GAS, PETROCHEMICALS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,6; June 1995; 447-449. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) British Steel Tube & Pipes has invested over 1.5 millions pounds over the last ten years in building the hardware for the non-destructive testing (NDT) systems at its recently upgraded Hartlepool 20 inch pipe mill. In total, over 50 man-years of development effort has been spent perfecting the package at the Hartlepool mill. This investment was part of a major enhancement costing 13 million pounds, which puts the mill at the leading edge of steel pipe manufacturing technology. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339027 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53021 NT53021\(10) NDE Methods Used in Optimum Maintenance Programmes for Oil and Gas Pipelines, \(20) Boving, K.G. \(11) 01 Jun 1995\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, DENMARK, PIPELINES, MAINTENANCE, CORROSION, NATURAL GAS, OILS.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,6; June 1995; 444-446; 1 ref. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The use of the NDE methods in preventive and predictive maintenance programmes for oil and gas pipelines, pressure vessels and the like is still not very extensively adopted in the industry, despite the fact that at least 85 NDE methods are available and even though some industries have already achieved considerable reductions in maintenance costs and production losses by using such programmes. This paper deals briefly with the background, focusing on the basic principles for the predictive programmes and revealing some experience with a 20-year-old predictive scheme for corrosion monitoring operated at a refinery. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339026 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53020 NT53020\(10) Advanced Technology in Automatic Ultrasonic Weld Inspection of Pipeline Girth Welds, \(20) Heckhauser, H. Schulz, S.\(11) 01 Jun 1995\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, AUTOMATION, PIPELINES, WELDS, PROBES.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,6; June 1995; 440-443. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The advantages of using ultrasonic inspection to detect certain weld defects over radiography have been understood for many years. However, inspection cycle time is a controlling factor in pipeline construction operations. The recent past has seen the entrance of automated ultrasonic technology into the harsh, demanding environment of pipelay operations but the success of automated ultrasonic inspection for pipeline construction welding has been limited to automated welding processes. The effectiveness of automated ultrasonic techniques used for manual pipeline welding inspection can be controversial. This is due to the infinite variability of the joint alignment and shape, which increases the chance of false calls significantly. The potential geometric problems arising from the variety of shapes produced from manual welding clearly set forth a challenge to anyone attempting to automate the process of ultrasonically inspecting pipeline welds produced by manual welding techniques within acceptable time parameters, ie less than five minutes per weld. This paper describes the use of immersion probes in arrays applied to inspect pipeline construction welds that have been made manually. It also examines the process by which this new system was developed and describes the challenges that had to be overcome to produce a cost-effective automated inspection system that not only produced consistently reliable results, but offered new advances to the industry. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339025 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53019 NT53019\(10) Inspection of Duplex and Superduplex Steels Using the Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique,\(20) Lugg, M. Raine, A. \(11) 01 Jun 1995\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, ALTERNATING CURRENT FIELD MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE, STAINLESS STEEL, CORROSION RESISTANCE, FATIGUE CRACKS, CRACK DETECTION.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,6; June 1995; 436-439; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Duplex and superduplex stainless steels have been developed to combine the high mechanical strength of carbon steels with the corrosion resistance of conventional stainless steels. In situations where corrosion resistance is required, they allow the use of thinner section components than before, thus giving great weight and cost reductions. Duplex steels are being increasingly used for topside process and production pipework operating at high temperatures and pressures. The drawback of this application from an NDT viewpoint is that while the fatigue crack propagation rate is similar to carbon steel, the reduced stiffness gives higher fatigue loading, and this combined with the thinner walls gives a reduced fatigue life compared with conventional stainless steel. This, in turn, makes the early detection of fatigue cracking more important. Unfortunately, the complex metallurgical structure of duplex steels poses problems for most NDT techniques, especially at welded intersections. This paper describes the inspection problems involved and reproduces some recent encouraging results obtained with the AC field measurement technique. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339024 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53018 NT53018\(10) TOFD Used to Replace Radiography, \(20) Verkooijen, J.\(11) 01 Jun 1995\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, NETHERLANDS, TIME OF FLIGHT DIFFRACTION, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, REFINERIES.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,6; June 1995; 433-435; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) During the construction of a refinery in the Rotterdam area, AEA Sonomatic has used the ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) technique on a large-scale as an alternative to radiography. The use of the technique resulted in major cost savings and increased confidence in the end-product. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339023 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53017 NT53017\(10) Fully Automated Test Equipment for Tube-Ends or Couplings and Its Use for a QA System for OCTG and Line Pipes,\(20) Kramer, G.\(11) 01 Jun 1995\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, PIPELINES, TUBING, AUTOMATED SYSTEMS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, QUALITY ASSURANCE, EDDY CURRENTS, COUPLINGS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,6; June 1995; 426-432; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) For many years, fully automated testing systems with the capability to document and store test parameters and results have been used in the inspection of Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) and line pipes. For the testing of tube-ends, however, whether machined or unmachined, upset or threaded, visual or MPI methods are generally used, and documentation of the test and its results is rarely possible. The situation is similar for the testing of couplings. With the use of automated probe scanning methods, the requirements of the new specifications - for example the new draft of API - can be fulfilled and the test results documented. This report deals with newly developed automated systems based on the eddy current principle. The similarity between the test requirements and technical solutions makes it possible to use the same or similar components to implement testing equipment for couplings or for tube-ends. Tube-ends of various kind and conditions - plain, upset or threaded - can be inspected. A new testing system for finished couplings with internal threads has proven its capability for production testing for another one year. The results are discussed. The replacement of manpower-intensive, subjective methods by automated, objective techniques will increase the reliability of testing and cut the costs. Test reports documenting the tests and their results are produced by microprocessors and software. Quality-related test data, together with a failure analysis in a Quality Assurance System, may be the first steps towards measures for improving quality throughout the manufacturing process. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339022 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53016 NT53016\(10) Intelligent Pigging Developments for Metal Loss and Crack Detection, \(20) Jansen, H.J. Festen, M.M. \(11) 01 Jun 1995\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, NETHERLANDS, PIGS(PIPE INSPECTION), CRACK DETECTION, METALS, EDDY CURRENT SENSORS, CORROSION, PIPELINES.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,6; June 1995; 421-425; 15 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Developments in the different inspection techniques for metal loss and crack detection are discussed in this paper. Recent developments have improved the measurement capabilities of both magnetic flux leakage and ultrasonic pigs for the measurement of metal loss defects in pipelines. An interesting development is the high-frequency eddy current sensor technology that has been developed by Shell Research for internal corrosion monitoring of small-diameter pipelines. Routine pig inspection for cracks is not yet possible, but current developments is crack detection pigs look promising. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339021 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53015 NT53015\(10) Real-Time Radioscopic Inspection of Insulated Piping Systems, \(20) Galbraith, J.M. Allen, W.T. Coleman, K.L. Alreja, V.J. \(11) 01 Jun 1995\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, RADIOSCOPY, REAL TIME, PIPING, CORROSION, INSULATION, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,6; June 1995; 417-420; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Corrosion of pipelines is commonplace in many industries. Methods exist that can be used to calculate the overall integrity of damaged piping if the depth and configuration of the corroded areas are known. By determining the depth and dimension of pitting, and knowing the design parameters of a given system, one can calculate the maximum pressure that a corroded pipe can contain. Severe localised corrosion in multiphase oil transportation piping within major Alaskan oil fields led to development of extensive programmes that have been used for over a decade to inspect hundreds of miles of piping to locate pitting and determine the integrity of corroded lines. The initial programmes developed in the first year of piping inspection utilised ultrasonic wall thickness testing. Ultrasonic testing can generally be performed even if only one surface of the component is accessible; however stripping of the insulation is required where this type of inspection is used. Therefore, the ultrasonic inspection was slow, restricted to short sections of piping, and costly. A less expensive alternative was developed using manual radiography. This eliminated the need to remove insulation, yet it was still slow and so only short sections of pipe could be examined. Although extreme value statistics indicated that inspection of short sections of pipe would locate the most severe pitting with a high probability, this proved not to be the case. To assure that the most severe area of pitting was located and the integrity of the corroded piping accurately determined, a technique was needed that could be used to examine economically long sections of piping. This need provided the impetus to develop real-time radioscopy as a field tool. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339020 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53014 NT53014\(10) Pipeline Integrity Maintenance Using a Tethered Inspection Vehicle (TIV), \(20) Lowe, R. Robson, P.\(11) 01 Jun 1995\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, PIPELINES, PIGS(PIPE INSPECTION), TETHERED INSPECTION VEHICLE, MAGNETIC FLUX LEAKAGE.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,6; June 1995; 413-416; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In recent years there has been a growing awareness of the benefits of using 'intelligent pigs' as a means of maintaining the integrity of pipelines. These pigs are autonomous devices which are transported internally through a pipeline and conduct inspections on-line without the need for taking the pipeline out of operation. This awareness has resulted in the worldwide acceptance of the use of high-resolution on-line inspection equipment for the inspection of high-pressure transmission pipelines. This inspection technology has now been further developed by British Gas for low-pressure pipelines, such as gas and water distribution pipelines, refinery pipelines and even pipelines from the jetty loading point to the terminal. Indeed, discrete sections of decommissioned high-pressure transmission pipelines can also be inspected by this method. This paper describes the tethered inspection vehicle (TIV) as a method of ensuring pipeline integrity, while eliminating unnecessary hydrostatic testing, thereby avoiding the environmental consequences of pipeline failure. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339019 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53013 NT53013\(10) Novel Techniques for Outside Inspection of Plant Pipework,\(20) DE Raad, J.A. \(11) 01 Jun 1995\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, NETHERLANDS, PIPING, MANUFACTURING PLANTS, POWER PLANTS, PETROCHEMICALS.,; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Insight'; 37,6; June 1995; 409-412; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Increasingly, non-destructive testing (NDT) is used as an economic tool in predictive maintenance approach of plant operators. This allows planned replacement or repair of deteriorated components. This tendency demands full surface coverage rather than the usual spot inspection of plant components. Moreover, it often requires in-service inspection of hot and/or thermally insulated components. This challenge is met by recent developments in NDT. Several rather novel techniques have become commercially available for rapid external inspection of exposed pipework in plants. These methods are designed to be economically affordable to industry. This article describes these techniques, discusses their relative merits and presents some results from field-use. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339018 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53392 NT53392\(10) Development and Validation of a Prototype Acoustic Emission System for Inspection of Metal NGV Fuel Cylinders.\(20) Hudak, S.J. Connolly, M.P. Hanley, J.J. Lukezich, S.J.\(11) 01 May 1995\(15) 140 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) PROTOTYPES, NATURAL GAS, CYLINDERS, ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENT, DESIGN CRITERIA, FATIGUE(MECHANICS), STEEL, METALS.; \(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (PB95-239091). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Steel cylinders currently provide the most common form of fuel storage in NGVs. Although presently no federal or state regulations apply specifically to the periodic recertification of NGV fuel cylinders, fleet operators often use periodic hydrostatic testing to recertify these cylinders according to DOT Specification 3AA. Companion work under this project has identified major technical and economic limitations of these hydrostatic tests. The AE technology developed in this project provides the basis for a technically and economically superior alternative to hydrostatic testing which can be used to periodically recertify cylinders during service. (Author). Descriptive Note: Topical report, May 1995, \(24) Performed by Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.\(9) na\(23) ADD339344 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53510 NT53510\(10) Development of Nondestructive Evaluation Methods and Prediction of Effects of Flaws on the Fracture Behavior of Structural Ceramics, \(20) Ellingson, W.A. Singh, J.P. Sivers, E.A. Stuckey, J.B. Christopher, D.\(11) 01 Apr 1995\(15) 13 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) STRUCTURAL CERAMICS, FRACTURE(MECHANICS), TURBINES, HEAT EXCHANGERS, MICROFOCUS X RAYS.;\(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (DE95-013783). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Continuous fiber ceramic matrix composites are being developed for turbine engine components, heat exchangers, and hot-gas filters in fossil energy systems. Reliable application requires nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods that provide data for quality assurance and inputs to lifetime prediction models and that aid in process development. NDE developments at Argonne have focused on methods to assess density distribution, fiber orientation (for mechanical properties), and defect detection in both SiC/SiC and Al2O3/Al2O3 materials, and that also assess the chemical state at fiber/matrix interfaces. 2-D cloth lay-up and 3-D weave CVI-infiltrated SiC/SiC specimens were studied by X-ray imaging methods now under development. Microfocus X-ray computerized tomography (MXCT) methods are being developed to provide these data. Multinuclear Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (13C, 29Si, and 11B) is under development for quantifying B content at fiber/matrix interfaces. Magic angle spinning techniques on SiC/SiC specimens with different coating thicknesses showed that quantification of B at the interface is achievable. (Author).\(24) na\(9) na\(23) ADD339458 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53218 NT53218\(10) Microwave Detection Optimization of Disbond in Layered Dielectrics with Varying Thickness,\(20) Ganchev, Stoyan I. Qaddoumi, Nasser Ranu, Emarit Zoughi, Reza \(11) 01 Apr 1995\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0018-9456, MICROWAVE TESTING, FLAW DETECTION, LAYERED MEDIA, DISBONDS, DIELECTRICS, COMPOSITES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement'; 44,2; April 1995; 326-328; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The detection sensitivity optimization of air disbond in layered dielectric composites, using an open-ended rectangular waveguide, is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The sensitivity of the disbond detection is strongly influenced by the proper choice of parameters such as the operating frequency and the layered composite geometry (conductor backed or terminated by an infinite half-space of air). The capability of optimizing the measurement system parameters to detect and estimate the thickness of the dielectric layer independent of some changes in the thickness of the dielectric coating is also demonstrated. The impact of the parameters influencing detection optimization is theoretically investigated and then experimentally verified. (Author).\(24) Published by IEEE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394.\(9) na\(23) ADD339205 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53393 NT53393\(10) Evaluation of Thermal Wave Imaging for Detection of Machining Damage in Ceramics, \(20) Wei, L. Xu, H.H. Jahanmir, S. \(11) 01 Mar 1995\(15) 100 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) CERAMIC MATERIALS, MACHINING, DAMAGE DETECTION, SUBSURFACE, THERMAL WAVE IMAGING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (PB95-220547). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A thermal wave imaging technique was evaluated for the feasibility in detection and characterization of machining damage in ceramics. Both well-defined crack system (Vickers indentation) and ground ceramics were investigated in this study. The findings from investigation of indentation-induced damage confirmed accessibility of thermal waves to both vertical and lateral cracks and showed characteristic response of thermal wave signals to different forms of cracks. The thermal wave imaging analysis results on ground aluminas and scratched silicon nitrides demonstrated its usefulness in characterization of grinding-induced subsurface damage in ceramics. The study showed that the technique can be applied, complementary to other techniques, for both fundamental study of material removal mechanisms and detection of ceramic machining damage. The principle and procedures of the thermal wave imaging are described. Precautions are discussed regarding choosing appropriate imaging parameters, limitations in crack detection of the technique are also pointed out. (Author). \(24) Performed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (MSEL), Gaithersburg. \(9) na\(23) ADD339345 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53499 NT53499\(10) In-Situ Characterization of Metal Fuel Stored in the Hanford K Basins,\(20) Makenas, Bruce J. Omberg, Ronald P. Lawrence, Leo A. \(11) 01 Feb 1995\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION, CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION, IN SITU, NUCLEAR FUEL, URANIUM.;\(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (DE95-006885). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The Hanford K Basins contain roughly 2,000 tons of uranium metal fuel previously irradiated in N Reactor. Current plans call for the fuel to be moved to a new storage location in the next few years. This paper describes near term activities to gather data on the mechanical condition and chemical state of the fuel and associated sludge. These on-going in-situ, nondestructive, examinations are intended to complement hot cell examinations which are planned for the near future. Characterization data will feed decisions on interim storage, long term storage and the environmental documentation process as the fuel is relocated. (Author).\(24) Performed by Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA. \(9) na\(23) ADD339447 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53621 NT53621\(10) Ultrasonic Detection of Damage in CFRPs, \(20) Kaczmarek, H. \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 37 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0021-9983, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ULTRASONICS, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, DELAMINATION, CRACKS, LOADS(FORCES), DAMAGE DETECTION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Composite Materials'; 29,1; 1995; 59-95; 18 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A good knowledge on damage processes in CFRPs can be given by developing nondestructive testing. In order to improve ultrasonic capabilities to detect matrix cracking development, a water tank has been mounted directly on a servo-controlled machine and an automatic scanning by points has been investigated. More accurate testing procedures have been implemented including mechanical improvements, amplitude measurement accuracy, resetting points under loading, comparative evaluation of the attenuation between undamaged and damaged state. A comparison between X-ray and ultrasonic results has been made. Another aim was to control hidden damage due to impact and especially to measure their size and shape of delaminations at each interply location using an improved pulse echo method. Hence, conventional equipment has been modified in order to explore the material by thickness segments. A new procedure has been added to a classical equipment providing in a single scan multiple C-scan images of a coupon with a very limited amount of data. The main purpose of this paper is to describe the methods used and to discuss the original procedures that have been performed. The new capabilities of an improved ultrasonic set-up are going to be examine mainly in relation to crack-density measurement, matrix cracking development under tension and ply by ply delamination sizing and location. With these features, an ultrasonic set-up can find its application in many aeronautical fields: improving composites, moisture influence on damage, detecting of damage resulting from impact, structures lifetime. (Author). \(24) Published by Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., Box 3535, Lancaster, PA 17604.\(9) na\(23) ADD339556 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53584 NT53584\(10) Eddy Current Twist Test and Rod Evaluation,\(20) Hamilton, Karen L. Montes, Gilbert Shaffer, Robert D.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) EDDY CURRENT TESTS, RODS, VISUAL INSPECTION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Wire Journal International'; 28,1; January 1995; 76-81; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Describes using eddy current testing for the inspection of defects in metal rods. Used in conjunction with twist testing, this instrumental analysis technique has the advantage of removing inherent human deficiencies as well as having the capability to detect more subtle defects and reproduce results accurately. (Author/NTIAC). \(24) Published by Wire Journal Inc., 1570 Boston Post Road, Box H, Guilford, CT 06437. \(9) na\(23) ADD339522 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53508 NT53508\(10) Durability of Polymer Matrix Composites for Automotive Structural Applications: A State-of-the-Art Review,\(20) Corum, J.M. Simpson, W.A., Jr. Sun, C.T. Talreja, R. Weitsman, Y.J.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 189 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES, AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS, LIFE(DURABILITY), STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES, CYCLIC LOADING, CREEP, ULTRASONIC TESTS.; \(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (DE95-015590). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A key unanswered question that must be addressed before polymeric composites will be widely used in automotive structural components is their known durability. Major durability issues are the effects that cyclic loadings, creep, automotive fluid environments, and low-energy impacts have on dimensional stability, strength, and stiffness throughout the required life of a composite component. This report reviews the current state of understanding in each of these areas. It also discusses the limited information that exists on one of the prime candidate materials for automotive structural applications - an isocyanurate reinforced with a continuous strand, swirl mat. Because of the key role that nondestructive evaluations must play in understanding damage development and progression, a chapter is included on ultrasonic techniques. A final chapter then gives conclusions and recommendations for research needed to resolve the various durability issues. These recommendations will help provide a sound basis for program planning for the Durability of Lightweight Composite Structures Project sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy in cooperation with the Automotive Composites Consortium of Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors. (Author).\(24) Performed by Oak Ridge National Labs. \(9) na\(23) ADD339456 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53507 NT53507\(10) Automated Laser Scatter Detection of Surface and Subsurface Defects in Si3N4 Components, \(20) Steckenrider, J.S.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 16 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) SILICON NITRIDES, LASERS, SCATTERING, SUBSURFACE DEFECTS, SURFACE DEFECTS.;\(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (DE95-013498). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) By taking advantage of silicon nitrides ability ot partially transmit visible (and IR) light, we have developed a Laser Scatter Inspection technique and applied it to the detection of defects and/or damage in several different silicon nitride materials and in multiple component geometries. The type of defects located include iron inclusions, surface scratches, subsurface density variations, and even subsurface residual ink. Using polarization techniques, separation of the effects surface and subsurface defects was possible to depths of several hundred microns. Furthermore, through the application of a two dimensional scanning system, conformally mapped images of the scattering surface or subsurface were generated for flat and cylindrical specimens with a resolution of from 10 microns to 1 mm. Mechanical testing of all components inspected is currently underway, but these results are not yet available. However, limited results from previous analyses indicate that the type of defects detected (especially iron inclusions and density variations) are those which would cause premature failure. Thus, the laser scatter method holds promise for the automated inspection and qualification of ceramic components for gas turbine components. (Author).\(24) Performed by Argonne National Laboratory, IL 60439.\(9) na\(23) ADD339455 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53506 NT53506\(10) Nondestructive Examination of DOE High-Level Waste Storage Tanks, \(20) Bush, S. Bandyopadhyay, K. Kassir, M. Mather, B. Shewmon, P.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS, HAZARDOUS WASTE, CORROSION, CONCRETE.; \(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (DE95-011776). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A number of DOE sites have buried tanks containing high-level waste. Tanks of particular interest are double-shell inside concrete cylinders. A program has been developed for the inservice inspection of the primary tank containing high-level waste (HLW), for testing of transfer lines and for the inspection of the concrete containment where possible. Emphasis is placed on the ultrasonic examination of selected areas of the primary tank, coupled with a leak-detection system capable of detecting small leaks through the wall of the primary tank. The NDE program is modelled after ASME Section XI in many respects, particularly with respect to the sampling protocol. Selected testing of concrete is planned to determine if there has been any significant degradation. The most probable failure mechanisms are corrosion-related so that the examination program gives major emphasis to possible locations for corrosion attack. (Author).\(24) Performed by Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973. \(9) na\(23) ADD339454 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53503 NT53503\(10) Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Solvent Transport in Polymer Networks, \(20) Botto, Robert E. Cody, George D.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, POLYMERS, SPECTROSCOPY, SOLVENTS.; \(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (DE95-007142). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The spectroscopic technique of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently provided a new window into transport of solvents in polymer networks. Diffusion of solvent as a rate-controlling phenomenon is paramount to understanding transport in many important industrial and biological processes, such as upgrading fossil fuels, film casting and coating, development of photoresists, design of drug-delivery systems, development of solvent resistant polymers, etc. By MRI mapping the migration of solvent molecules through various polymer specimens, researchers Robert Botto and George Cody of Argonne National Laboratory, with support from the Division of Chemical Sciences at DOE, were able to characterize and distinguish between different modes of transport behavior associated with fundamentally different types of polymer systems. The method was applied to rubbers, glassy polymers, and coals. In polymers shown to undergo a glass transition from a rigid to rubbery state, a sharply defined solvent front was observed that propagated through specimens in the manner of a constant velocity shock wave. This behavior was contrasted with a smooth solvent concentration gradient found in polymer systems where no glass transition was observed. The results of this analysis have formed the basis of a new model of anomalous transport in polymeric solids and are helping to ascertain fundamental information on the molecular architectures of these materials. (Author). \(24) Performed by Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, IL 60439.\(9) na\(23) ADD339451 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53502 NT53502\(10) Positron Microscopy, \(20) Hulett, Lester D., Jr. Xu, Jun\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) POSITRON MICROSCOPY, POSITRON BEAMS, MICROPROBES, MICROBEAMS.; \(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (DE95-007042). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The negative work function property that some materials have for positrons make possible the development of positron reemission microscopy (PRM). Because of the low energies with which the positrons are emitted, some unique applications, such as the imaging of defects, can be made. The history of the concept of PRM, and its present state of development will be reviewed. The potential of positron microprobe techniques will be discussed also. (Author). \(24) Performed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6063. \(9) na\(23) ADD339450 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53501 NT53501\(10) Surface Scanning Techniques to Locate and Study Defects in Painted Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Steels, \(20) Isaacs, Hugh S. Aldykiewicz, Antonio J., Jr. Thierry, Dominique Simpson, Theresa C.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ALUMINUM, ZINC, ALLOYS, PAINTS, CORROSION, SURFACE DEFECTS, IMPEDANCE.;\(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (DE95-006099).\(21) Current density and impedance mapping measurements have been used to locate and monitor corrosion and defects on painted surfaces in solution. Measurements are reported for painted zinc and aluminum-zinc alloy coated steel surfaces. When scratched, current density mapping showed corrosion of the metal coating started at localized sites in both dilute chloride and sulfate solutions. Different scribing techniques were tested exposing only the metal coating and both the coating and the underlying steel. Effect of roll forming was investigated. Current density mapping located corrosion susceptible defects on painted roll formed materials that were not readily discernible optically. Scanning ac mapping showed that artificially formed defects were readily observed. Local impedance variations with frequency were measured for simulated defects and defect free areas of painted surfaces. Variations in paint thickness and the presence of defects were detected using the ac techniques. (Author).\(24) Performed by Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973. \(9) na\(23) ADD339449 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53500 NT53500\(10) Thermal Shock Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Composites,\(20) Wang, Hongyu Singh, Raj N. Beecher, Stephen C. Dinwiddie, Ralph B.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, THERMAL SHOCK.;\(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (DE95-006746). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The thermal shock behavior of three types of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (Nextel) or Nicalon fiber-reinforced chemical vapor infiltrated or polymer-derived SiC matrix composites) was studied using the water quench technique. The thermal shock induced damage was characterized by both destructive and nondestructive techniques. As compared with monolithic ceramics, the continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites were capable of preventing catastrophic failure caused by thermal shock and were able to retain a significant portion of their original strength at (delta)T = 1000 C. The nondestructive techniques involved measuring the thermal diffusivity by the flash technique and determining the Young's modulus by the dynamic resonance method. It has been demonstrated that these nondestructive techniques can detect damage induced by thermal shock and are more sensitive in detecting damage in the early stage than the conventional destructive technique of measuring the retained strength.\(24) Performed by Oakridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6063. \(9) na\(23) ADD339448 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53498 NT53498\(10) Laser Ultrasonic Generation at the Surface of a Liquid Metal, \(20) Walker, J.B. Telschow, K.L. Conant, R.J. \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) LASER ULTRASONICS, LIQUID METAL, SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION, THERMOELASTICS.;\(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (DE95-004999).\(21) The noncontacting nature of laser-based ultrasonic measurement has made it attractive in many applications. While most of the applications thus far involve solid samples, molten metals encountered in some stages of metal processing appear well suited to this technique. Possible applications for liquid metals include locating and characterizing the liquid/solid interface; characterizing a surface layer, contaminant, or alloying constituent; and measuring the temperature of the surface or of the bulk. The aim of this work was to characterize laser generation of ultrasound in liquid metals to facilitate the development of techniques for these applications. This paper decribes measurements of the angular distribution and energy dependence of laser-generated ultrasound in mercury at ambient temperature. Mercury was chosen as the model liquid metal because it is liquid at room temperature, and so should have negligible temperature gradients beyond those produced in the laser generation process, and because it exhibits a very shallow optical penetration depth. This paper also briefly describes the theory of laser generation by thermoelastic and ablation sources at the surface of a liquid metal. A simple, intuitive, phenomenological model for the partition of energy between thermoelastic and ablation source mechanisms is presented. (Author). \(24) Performed by Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho.\(9) na\(23) ADD339446 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53492 NT53492\(10) Flexural Damping of a P55 Graphite/Magnesium Composite,\(20) Wren, G.G. Kinra, V.K.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0022-2461, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, AUSTRALIA, FLEXURE, DAMPING, COMPOSITES, MAGNESIUM, ALLOYS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Materials Science'; 30; 1995; 3279-3284; 23 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Recent studies have shown that when magnesium is alloyed with particular solute species having very low solid solubilities\(24) Published by Chapman & Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, UK.\(9) na\(23) ADD339444 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53491 NT53491\(10) On the Role of Thermoelectric Heat Transfer in the Design of SMA Actuators: Theoretical Modeling and Experiment, \(20) Bhattacharyya, A. Lagoudas, D.C. Wang, Y. Kinra, V.K.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) THERMOELASTICITY, HEAT TRANSFER, MODELS(SIMULATIONS).; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Smart Materials and Structures'; 4; 1995; 252-263; 18 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A combined theoretical/experimental study of the heat transfer in thermoelectric shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators is undertaken in this paper. A one-dimensional model of a thermoelectric unit cell with a SMA junction is developed first and the transient temperatures in the SMA are evaluated for different applied electric current densities. As a first step towards the design of an actuator, a thermoelectric module is assembled in the laboratory for cooling/heating the SMA. Transient temperature profiles are recorded for the monotonic heating and cooling runs for two different materials - copper and SMA (with or without the phase transformation). These recorded profiles are then compared with the predictions from the model; the agreement is reasonable, particularly during the cooling process. Temperature profiles are also recorded for cyclic cooling and heating of copper at a frequency of 0.5 Hz and a good comparison is obtained. Theoretical predictions for thermal cycling of SMA show that it is possible to achieve a frequency of 2 Hz on full phase transformation and 17 Hz on partial transformation of 25%. (Author). \(24) Published by IOP Publishing, Techno House, Redcliffe Way, Bristol BS1 6NX, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339443 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53332 NT53332\(10) Microwave Inspection of Luggage for Contraband Materials Using Imaging and Inverse-Scattering Algorithms, \(20) Watters, D.G. Falconer, D.G. Harker, K.J. Ueberschaer, R. Bahr, A.J.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 16 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0934-9847, MICROWAVE IMAGING, INVERSE SCATTERING, LUGGAGE, CONTRABAND.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Research in Nondestructive Evaluation'; 7,2/3; 1995; 153-168; 23 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Microwave inspection techniques can determine frequency-dependent complex permittivity of local regions within a nonmetallic suitcase. These dielectric data can provide the additional information needed to identify contraband material, such as explosives and drugs. Although X-ray techniques provide high-resolution images of luggage contents, they cannot easily discriminate between various organic materials such as foodstuffs, paper products, and plastics. However, because common high-explosive materials and compressed-powder narcotics have dielectric properties similar to those of common plastics, dielectrometic evaluation can discriminate between contraband materials and other organics based on their moisture content or, in the case of cosmetic products, the presence of polar solvents. This paper describes the microwave luggage-inspection problem and presents an approach to discriminating and characterizing contraband materials in this environment. (Author). \(24) Published by Springer-Verlag New York Inc., P.O. Box 2485, Secaucus, NJ 07096-2485.\(9) na\(23) ADD339291 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53331 NT53331\(10) Microwave Near-Field Imaging with Open-Ended Waveguide - Comparison with Other Techniques of Nondestructive Testing, \(20) Diener, L.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 16 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0934-9847, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, MICROWAVE IMAGING, DIELECTRIC MATERIALS, NEAR FIELD.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Research in Nondestructive Evaluation'; 7,2/3; 1995; 137-152; 29 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The results of an experimental study of microwave imaging with an open-ended waveguide at 30 GHz for NDE of dielectric materials are presented. Using a hybrid measurement method, the near-field point spread function is investigated. Improvement of sensitivity and resolution via deconvolution also is discussed. A comparison of results obtained with more prominent NDE methods as ultrasonics, X-rays, and thermal waves demonstrates the performance of the technique. (Author).\(24) Published by Springer-Verlag New York Inc., P.O. Box 2485, Secaucus, NJ 07096-2485.\(9) na\(23) ADD339290 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53330 NT53330\(10) Dielectric and Magnetic Measurements: A Survey of Nondestructive, Quasi-Nondestructive, and Process-Control Techniques,\(20) Baker-Jarvis, J. Jones, C. Riddle, B. Janezic, M. Geyer, R.G.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 20 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0934-9847, PROCESS CONTROL, MEASUREMENT, DIELECTRICS, PERMEABILITY(MAGNETIC), PERMITTIVITY.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Research in Nondestructive Evaluation'; 7,2/3; 1995; 117-136; 105 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A review of the most common methods for nondestructive permittivity and permeability measurements is presented. Transmission-line techniques, coaxial apertures, open resonators, surface-waves, and dielectric resonator methods are examined. Measurements on bulk, thin materials, and thin films are addressed. Measurement fixtures that can be used as sensors are highlighted. The frequency range of applicability and typical uncertainties associated with each method are addressed. (Author).\(24) Published by Springer-Verlag New York Inc., P.O. Box 2485, Secaucus, NJ 07096-2485.\(9) na\(23) ADD339289 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53329 NT53329\(10) Microwave Compressive Strength Estimation of Cement Paste Using Monopole Probes, \(20) Shalaby, W. Zoughi, R.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 15 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0934-9847, CONCRETE, COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, MICROWAVE TESTING, IN SITU.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Research in Nondestructive Evaluation'; 7,2/3; 1995; 101-115; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In-situ evaluation of the compressive strength of existing concrete structures using a direct approach is the objective of this investigation. The principle factor affecting the compressive strength of a concrete structure is its water/cement (w/c) ratio. The reflection properties of four cement paste samples with w/c of 0.35, 0.40, 0.50, and 0.55 were measured using several monopole probes at microwave frequencies of 5, 9, and 12 GHz. The effect of several parameters, such as the operating frequency, the probe length (h), and the properties of the cement paste (w/c ratio) on the measurement sensitivity, were studied theoretically as well. For a given monopole probe (fixed diameter), h and the operating frequency can be optimized such that any slight change in the w/c ratio causes a large change in the reflection coefficient. Lower microwave frequencies are shown to be more sensitive in detecting variation in the reflection coefficient of these samples as a function of the w/c ratio. After the reflection coefficient measurements for these samples were conducted, they were tested to measure their compressive strength. Subsequently, a correlation between the compressive strength and the reflection coefficient of these samples was shown. The effect of an air gap around the monopole was investigated as well. (Author).\(24) Published by Springer-Verlag New York Inc., P.O. Box 2485, Secaucus, NJ 07096-2485.\(9) na\(23) ADD339288 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53328 NT53328\(10) Thin Film Inspection with Millimeter-Wave Reflectometer, \(20) Han, H.C. Mansueto, E.S.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0934-9847, THIN FILMS, THICKNESS, DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS, COATINGS, MILLIMETER WAVES, REFLECTOMETERS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Research in Nondestructive Evaluation'; 7,2/3; 1995; 89-100; 15 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Inspection of dielectric thin films (25.4-508 microns) placed directly above a conducting plate is performed with a W-band millimeter-wave network analyzer. The signal launched by a small antenna placed near the sample surface is picked up by a separate receiver. The phase of the received signal can be related to the thickness and permittivity of the thin films under inspection. While the transmitter and receiver are at larger distances from the dielectric surface, the system operates as a conventional reflectometer. But when they both are close to the surface, guided waves will be excite and even may become dominant over the direct reflection. The significance of the guided-wave contribution is controlled by the locations of the guided-wave poles in the complex k sub p-plane. In this paper we employ a modal approach that previously was developed for geophysical remote sensing to study the effects of the guided waves, and to outline the limits of the conventional reflectometric method for evaluating thin films.\(24) Published by Springer-Verlag New York Inc., P.O. Box 2485, Secaucus, NJ 07096-2485.\(9) na\(23) ADD339287 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53327 NT53327\(10) General Formulation for Admittance of an Open-Ended Rectangular Waveguide Radiating into Stratified Dielectrics, \(20) Bakhtiari, S. Ganchev, S. Zoughi, R.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 13 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0934-9847, LAYERED MEDIA, DIELECTRICS, WAVEGUIDES.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Research in Nondestructive Evaluation'; 7,2/3; 1995; 75-87; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A general approach is presented for calculating the aperture admittance of a rectangular waveguide radiating into layered dielectric media. The two specific geometries of stratified, lossy dielectric media that are addressed terminate into either an infinite half-space or a perfectly conducting surface. The geometries describe two prevalent categories of layered dielectric composites and coatings that often are encountered in practical microwave nondestructive evaluation applications. Solutions are found initially by constructing a complete set of field components and subsequently enforcing the continuity of power flow across the aperture interface of the waveguide. Final results are presented as a superposition of transverse electric and magnetic components of the aperture admittance. The solutions presented allow the systematic calculations of admittance in the presence of arbitrary multilayer media, which in turn may be related to experimentally measurable quantities of interest. With the practical assumption of dominant mode incidence on the aperture, the final expressions may be implemented without intense computational power, which often is desirable in practice where inaccuracies due to random errors and instrumentation sensitivity render incorporation of more rigorous solutions inefficient. Numerically simulated data also are presented to verify and interpret the results. (Author). \(24) Published by Springer-Verlag New York Inc., P.O. Box 2485, Secaucus, NJ 07096-2485.\(9) na\(23) ADD339286 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53222 NT53222\(10) Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation of Inhomogeneous Plane Strain in Elastic Medium, \(20) Ravasoo, A.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 14 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0934-9847, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ESTONIA, ULTRASONIC TESTING, ELASTIC MATERIALS, INHOMOGENEOUS, STRAIN(MECHANICS), ALGORITHMS, PLANE WAVES.,; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Research in Nondestructive Evaluation'; 7,1; 1995; 55-68; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The possibility to enhance the efficiency of ultrasonic nondestructive testing making use of non-linear effects of wave propagation is investigated theoretically. The quasi one-dimensional problem of non-linear longitudinal wave propagation in elastic medium undergoing inhomogeneous plane prestrain is solved. The solution establishes the relations between the physical and geometrical properties of the medium, parameters of its predeformed state and the characteristics of the wave with smooth arbitrary initial profile. The non-linear sine-wave propagation in the medium with two traction-free surfaces is considered in more detail. The algorithm for evaluation of the parameters of plane strain on the basis of wave velocity and its profile evolution measurement data is proposed. (Author).\(24) Published by Springer-Verlag New York Inc., P.O. Box 2485, Secaucus, NJ 07096-2485.\(9) na\(23) ADD339209 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53221 NT53221\(10) Transient Fields of Pulsed Transducers in Solids, \(20) Xue, T. Lord, W. Udpa, S. \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 23 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0934-9847, ELASTIC WAVES, ULTRASONICS, FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, TRANSIENT FIELDS, TRANSDUCERS, SOLIDS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Research in Nondestructive Evaluation'; 7,1; 1995; 31-53; 44 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The radiation and propagation of elastic waves in solid media are of fundamental importance in ultrasonic NDE. Due to the limitation of analytical approaches, numerical procedures are most appropriate for solving the governing equations. In this paper, the finite element method is used to predict the transient fields of pulsed transducers in a solid medium with axisymmetric geometry. Comparisons with other models are performed. The transducer field interactions with spherical voids are also presented. \(24) Published by Springer-Verlag New York Inc., P.O. Box 2485, Secaucus, NJ 07096-2485.\(9) na\(23) ADD339208 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53220 NT53220\(10) Determination of All Elastic Constants of Orthotropic Plate Specimens from Group Velocity Data,\(20) Kim, K.Y. Ohtani, T. Baker, A.R. Sachse, W.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 17 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0934-9847, ELASTIC CONSTANTS, ORTHOTROPIC MATERIALS, COMPOSITES, VELOCITY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Research in Nondestructive Evaluation'; 7,1; 1995; 13-29; 16 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper presents a novel method of nondestructively determining all nine elastic constants of fiber-reinforced orthotropic plate specimens. Group velocities of bulk quasi-longitudinal (QL), pure transverse (PT), and surface-skimming pseudo-longitudinal modes are measured in glass-fiber (GF) and carbon-fiber (CF) reinforced Poly Ether Ether Ketone (PEEK) specimens by a point-source/point-receiver (PS/PR) technique. First, the pure index longitudinal moduli C11, C22, and C33, are obtained from the longitudinal (L) group velocities measured in three principal directions. Next, the pure index shear moduli, C44, C55, and C66, are determined by measuring the shear horizontally (SH) polarized PT group velocities in the symmetry planes. Finally, the mixed index elastic constants C sub ij (i not equal j) are calculated from QL group velocity measured in the symmetry planes and using analytic formulas. (Author).\(24) Published by Springer-Verlag New York Inc., P.O. Box 2485, Secaucus, NJ 07096-2485.\(9) na\(23) ADD339207 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53219 NT53219\(10) Anomalous Magnetic Source Defect Modelling,\(20) Ma, B. Atherton, D.L.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0934-9847, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, ELECTROMAGNETIC TESTING, FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS, REMOTE FIELD TECHNIQUE, EDDY CURRENTS, MODELS(SIMULATIONS), ANOMALIES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Research in Nondestructive Evaluation'; 7,1; 1995; 1-12; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Defect-induced field perturbations occurring during electromagnetic testing of ferromagnetic material can be modelled as combinations of anomalous eddy current and missing magnetization sources. At low frequencies, such as are used in Remote Field Eddy Current (RFEC) inspection of steel tubes, the anomalous magnetization defect sources dominate and give strong responses to circumferential slits orthogonal to the axial magnetic field. Here we present the results of finite element calculations and computer animations of the time-varying fields from a missing magnetization model of a slit defect. These are compared with the defect-induced anomalous field patterns obtained by phasor vector subtraction of calculations for slit defect and defect-free problems. It is noted that the ferromagnetic material in which the defect is located must be included in the missing magnetization \(24) Published by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., P.O. Box 2485, Secaucus, NJ 07096-2485. \(9) na\(23) ADD339206 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53040 NT53040\(10) NDI Using MM-Wave Resonant Techniques,\(20) Martens, J.S. Sachtjen, S. Sorensen, N.R.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-1724-5, AGING AIRCRAFT, CORROSION, MILLIMETER WAVES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Structural Integrity in Aging Aircraft'; AD-Vol. 47; 1995; 265-271; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Millimeter wave resonant measurements are commonly used for surface and near-surface materials characterization including the detection of cracks and defects, analysis of semiconducting and dielectric materials, and analysis of metallic electrical properties beneath coatings. Preliminary work has also shown the approach to be useful in evaluating corrosion products and the detection of incipient corrosion and corrosion cracking. In the analysis area, complex permittivity data of the corrosion products can be extracted to aid in identification of the product and possibility of mechanisms. In the detection area, corrosion-related cracks of order 100 mm or less near the surface have been detected and corrosion products have been detected beneath a variety of paints (both in a laboratory environment only). Surface preparation requirements are minimal, particularly compared to some optical techniques, giving increased hope of field applicability. A number of examples of NDI on aircraft related materials and structures will be presented along with an assessment of detection and accuracy limits. (Author). \(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53029).\(9) na\(23) ADD339039 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53039 NT53039\(10) Thermal Wave Imaging for NDI of Aircraft, \(20) Favro, L.D. Thomas, R.L. \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-1724-5, AGING AIRCRAFT, THERMAL WAVE IMAGING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Structural Integrity in Aging Aircraft'; AD-Vol. 47; 1995; 261-264; 5 refs. (Copie snot available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) We describe the application of Pulse-echo thermal wave imaging to nondestructive inspection (NDI) of aircraft. This techniques uses high-power photographic flash lamps as a heat source and an IR video camera as a detector. The flash lamps launch pulses of heat into the skin of the aircraft and the IR camera images the returning thermal wave reflections from subsurface defects. It also has the ability to image large areas (currently 17 inches wide by 17 inches high) in short times (currently one minute, including time to store the image and move the system to the adjacent imaging position). This translates into an inspection speed of over 90 feet of a 17 inch strip of aircraft per hour. We have applied the technique to a variety of airframe defects, including metal and composite structures. Images of typical structures and defects are presented. (Author).\(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53029).\(9) na\(23) ADD339038 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53038 NT53038\(10) Use of Neutron Tomographic Techniques for the Detection of Corrosion Damage in Aircraft Structures,\(20) Lanza, Richard C. \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-1724-5, AGING AIRCRAFT, AIRFRAMES, STRUCTURES, CORROSION, HYDROGEN, NEUTRON TOMOGRAPHY.,; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Structural Integrity in Aging Aircraft'; AD-Vol. 47; 1995; 253-259; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The presence of hydrogen in metals and alloys may result in significant changes in their mechanical properties. Such hydrogen may be introduced as the result of environmental factors connected with the use of such materials. Thus, the detection and quantitative characterization of hydrogen in metals is a significant problem in non-destructive testing. No presently available non-destructive method of imaging can reliably detect hydrogen or other low atomic number atoms in thick metal components. Neutron imaging has high sensitivity to hydrogen because of the large interaction probability (cross section) of neutrons with the hydrogen nucleus. Radiography with neutrons exploits this large cross section to image hydrogen containing corrosion products and moisture in metals but is limited due to the effective averaging of the hydrogen density over the entire particle path length; thus internal details may be hidden. Alternatively, tomographic imaging using radiographs (projections) from multiple angles allows reconstruction of the objects internal properties. Quantitative determination of total interaction probability can be made over the resolution element of the tomogram and related directly to the spatial distribution of hydrogen. We have recently developed a neutron tomographic imaging system specifically for the detection of hydrogen, and have applied it to studies of the embrittlement of turbine blades by hydrogen. Further, we have used an accelerator based neutron source to demonstrate in preliminary studies the usefulness of this technique in detection of corrosion in aircraft structures. (Author/Modified). \(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53029).\(9) na\(23) ADD339037 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53037 NT53037\(10) Impedance Imaging for Prediction and Detection of Airframe Corrosion, \(20) Su, P.C. Devereux, O.F. Madych, W.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-1724-5, AGING AIRCRAFT, AIRFRAMES, CORROSION, IMPEDANCE IMAGING.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Structural Integrity in Aging Aircraft'; AD-Vol. 47; 1995; 247-251; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is widely recognized as a versatile technique for evaluating the kinetics of corrosion processes and, in particular, the degree of protection afforded by oxide, organic and other insulating coatings. In this work we have used the EIS method to study the behavior of coated and uncoated aluminum alloys 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 corroding in 0.5M acqueous NaCl; crevice corrosion in these alloys has also been studied via use of simulated joints. The EIS spectra observed on coated specimens yield a characteristic, two time constant spectrum that can be modeled by a circuit incorporating a geometric coating capacitance, a 'pore' resistance, a polarization resistance and a double layer capacitance. The decrease of coating capacitance and polarization resistance can be related to the degradation of coating, and the value of charge transfer resistance for crevice-bearing specimens in different pH value environment relates to the extent of crevice corrosion. (Author). \(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53029).\(9) na\(23) ADD339036 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53036 NT53036\(10) Use of Electrochemistry and Ellipsometry for Identifying and Evaluating Corrosion on Aircraft,\(20) Dacres, Chester M. Taggart, Brian C. Anderson, Charles R. Whisnant, Pamela \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-1724-5, AGING AIRCRAFT, CORROSION, ELECTROCHEMICAL, ELLIPSOMETRY.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Structural Integrity in Aging Aircraft'; AD-Vol. 47; 1995; 237-245; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Electrochemical corrosion testing using AC impedance measurement and ellipsometry, has been performed on aircraft aluminum 2024-T3 samples in order to assess organic coating degradation, as part of an Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) SBIR Phase I project. The AC Impedance technique has been used by a number of investigators to assess coating deterioration. The AC Impedance technique was used to acquire a precise low-frequency impedance signature which is currently being used to develop a simple accurate sensor for the early detection and measurement of corrosion processes on aircraft. Laboratory tests show that the painted aircraft aluminum 2024-T3 does degrade with a distinct signature having well defined regions of water uptake, incubation, and intense corrosion activity. The use of ellipsometry and DC electrochemical techniques have verified that the low-frequency impedance spectrum obtained from the AC Impedance technique is representative of the corrosion process for painted aircraft aluminum 2024-T3. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy was used to characterize the constituents of the urethane topcoat of the test samples. Based on these findings, several versions of prototype electrode sensors were developed to obtain this signature utilizing a two-electrode approach. Our two-electrode approach eliminates the need for an electrolyte used in conventional three-electrode AC Impedance testing and enables in-situ analyses of aircraft metal/coating systems. This paper discusses the design and testing of the in-situ electrode sensors. (Author/Modified). \(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53029).\(9) na\(23) ADD339035 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53035 NT53035\(10) Electrochemical Impedance Pattern Recognition for Aircraft Hidden Chemical Corrosion Detection,\(20) Bowers, James S. Sammells, Anthony F. \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-1724-5, AGING AIRCRAFT, CORROSION, ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE, PATTERN RECOGNITION, ALUMINUM, TITANIUM.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Structural Integrity in Aging Aircraft'; AD-Vol. 47; 1995; 227-235; 22 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This investigation addressed the need for diagnostic instrumentation compatible with performing the Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of hidden chemical corrosion with a high degree of accuracy, sensitivity, and versatility on both titanium and aluminum alloys currently used in Air Force and commercial aircraft. The overall approach was directed towards development of pattern recognition schemes based upon the on-line data acquisition of Fast Fourier Transform Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (FFTEIS) instrumentation from the suspect hidden chemical corrosion site. Resulting impedance patterns were then analyzed by application of a Neural Network pattern recognition scheme. The Neural Network Analysis (NNA) was then trained to both detect and grade the severity of hidden corrosion present on the aircraft metal substrate interface of interest. Neural Net Analysis of FFTEIS data was verified as a powerful diagnostic strategy for in situ hidden corrosion process identification, quantitative analysis and severity grading. Correlations between impedance measurements and corrosion depth were verified by subsequent SEM and EDX examination of the metal interfacial regions. The approach will also be powerful for gaining fundamental information into the nature of corrosion processes and conditions leading to their inception at hidden sites. (Author).\(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53029).\(9) na\(23) ADD339034 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53034 NT53034\(10) NDE of Crevice Corrosion Using Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry and Digital Speckle Correlation, \(20) Jin, F. Chiang, F.P. \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-1724-5, AGING AIRCRAFT, CORROSION, DIGITAL SPECKLE CORRELATION, ELECTRONIC SPECKLE PATTERN INTERFEROMETRY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Structural Integrity in Aging Aircraft'; AD-Vol. 47; 1995; 221-225; 21 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Two optical techniques, ESPI (Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry) and Digital Speckle Correlation are employed to reveal the existence of crevice corrosion which is usually undetectable from outside by visual inspection. The ESPI is configured to measure out-of-place displacement. Both thermal loading and vacuum loading are used. The anomaly of fringe patterns reveals the existence of crevice corrosion hidden between two metallic plates. Not only the location of defects, but also the approximate size can be estimated. Digital Speckle Correlation technique takes advantage of laser speckle properties. The speckle decorrelation due to out-of-plane displacement in the region with crevice corrosion is bigger than without defects. This difference is calculated by a digital correlation algorithm, which reveals the crevice corrosion. (Author). \(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53029).\(9) na\(23) ADD339033 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53033 NT53033\(10) Nondestructive Inspection for Hidden Corrosion in U.S. Air Force Aircraft Lap Joints: Test and Evaluation of Inspection Procedures,\(20) Howard, Michael A. Mitchell, Geoffrey O. \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-1724-5, AGING AIRCRAFT, AIR FORCE, CORROSION, LAP JOINTS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Structural Integrity in Aging Aircraft'; AD-Vol. 47; 1995; 195-212; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The U.S. Air Force is investigating the use of nondestructive inspection (NDI) equipment to detect hidden corrosion in lap joint structure on C/KC-135 aircraft. In support of this effort, ARINC tested NDI procedures for possible implementation on the depot repair line at the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center (OC-ALC). The NDI equipment used to test the inspection procedures is commercially available and off-the-shelf: two eddy current inspection systems (one impedance plane display and one C-scan system) and an enhanced visual inspection system. We developed three eddy current procedures and one enhanced visual inspection procedure for OC-ALC inspectors to use with the prototype systems to detect and quantify hidden corrosion in sections of B-707 and C/KC-135 aircraft structure and several manufactured lap joint samples. For comparison purposes, the inspectors also used the OC-AlC standard visual inspection procedure. ARINC analyzed the inspection results and assessed inspection performance for all five procedures by determining hit and false call percentages. In addition, we assessed inspection reliability for each eddy current procedure by determining probability of detection and false call percentage. The results of procedure testing indicate that an inspection procedure that takes advantage of eddy current and enhanced visual technologies may be a significant improvement over the standard OC-ALC visual inspection technique, increasing hidden corrosion detection rates and reducing false calls. (Author).\(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53029).\(9) na\(23) ADD339032 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53032 NT53032\(10) Synergism Between Corrosion and Fatigue of AL2024-T3 Alloy,\(20) Du, M.L. Chiang, F.P. Kagwade, S.V. Clayton, C.R. \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-1724-5, AGING AIRCRAFT, LASER SPECKLE, SENSORS, CORROSION, FATIGUE(MECHANICS), ALUMINUM, ALLOYS.,; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Structural Integrity in Aging Aircraft'; AD-Vol. 47; 1995; 119-128; 20 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Corrosion and fatigue are two major factors that contribute to the aging of aircraft. These two factors act synergistically in various ways. The mechanism of synergism is often studied when both factors are present simultaneously. However, in reality they may be present sequentially. For example when an airplane is in flight, factors such as engine vibration and flutter produce extended cyclic load while corrosion is minimal; and when it is on the ground, corrosive environment has its maximum effect while there is little or no cyclic loading. In this paper we present some results of Al 2024-T3 specimens first subjected to various amount of fatigue loading and then immersed in a corrosive solution for a fixed amount of time. Subsequently, the specimens are fatigue to failure. The results are compared to those obtained previously for the same material subjected to fatigue alone or first to corrosion and then fatigue. We find that a modest amount of initial fatigue increases the fatigue life of the corroded specimens, compared to the net fatigue lives after corrosion. We also find that the total fatigue life (sum of fatigue lives before and after corrosion) exceeds that of the virgin samples, provided that the initial fatigue cycle has consumed more than half of the fatigue life of the specimen. It is believed that the blunting of microcracks and voids created at initial stage of fatigue is a major reason for this increased fatigue life. (Author). \(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53029).\(9) na\(23) ADD339031 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53031 NT53031\(10) USAF Approach to Attaining Structural Integrity of Aging Aircraft,\(20) Lincoln, John W. \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-1724-5, AGING AIRCRAFT, STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY, AIR FORCE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Structural Integrity in Aging Aircraft'; AD-Vol. 47; 1995; 9-19; 15 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) As a result of fatigue failures in operational aircraft that occurred thirty-six years ago, the United States Air Force established the USAF Aircraft Structural Integrity Program (ASIP). Since that time this program has handled many technical challenges that were encountered in the course of acquiring new aircraft and maintaining the structural integrity of in-service aircraft. These challenges have motivated some changes in ASIP from its original form, but its goal of maintaining structural integrity has not changed. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the basic concept of the USAF Aircraft Structural Integrity Program and some of the technical challenges that were met as it was applied to USAF aircraft. (Author).\(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53029).\(9) na\(23) ADD339030 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53030 NT53030\(10) Aging Aircraft Science and Technology Issues and Challenge and USAF Aging Aircraft Program,\(20) Chang, Jim C. \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-1724-5, AGING AIRCRAFT, AIR FORCE, CORROSION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Structural Integrity in Aging Aircraft'; AD-Vol. 47; 1995; 1-7; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Both the civilian and military aircraft fleet are aging. The need for solutions to extend service life of the present aircraft fleet becomes the major problem facing the operators. This development has created unprecedented opportunities and challenge to the technology community. This paper is an overview on the science and technology issues and a brief outline of the United States Air Force Aging Aircraft science and technology program. (Author). \(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53029).\(9) na\(23) ADD339029 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53029 NT53029\(10) Structural Integrity in Aging Aircraft.\(20) na\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 331 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-1724-5, AGING AIRCRAFT, STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY, CORROSION, FATIGUE(MECHANICS), ALLOYS, LAP JOINTS, INTERFEROMETRY, THERMAL WAVE IMAGING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published by American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This volume contains papers presented in seven sessions of the Symposium on Structural Integrity in Aging Aircraft at the 1995 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 13-17, 1995, in San Francisco, California. The topics of the papers cover a broad range of technical issues of aging aircraft, such as multiple site damage, fatigue, corrosion, corrosion fatigue interaction, fretting fatigue, NDE for corrosion damage, and repair techniques. (Author). \(24) Proceedings of the 1995 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 12-17, 1995, San Francisco, California. Sponsored by the Aerospace Division, ASME. Edited by C.I. Chang and C.T. Sun. For individual papers see NT-53030 - NT-53040.\(9) na\(23) ADD339028 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53003 NT53003\(10) Ultrasonic Inspection System for Tubular Products Using Real-Time Digital Signal Processing, \(20) Nagamune, Akio Nishifuji, Katsuyuki Iizuka, Yukinori \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, ULTRASONIC TESTING, PIPES, STEEL, REAL TIME.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 28,5; 1995; 303-306; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The authors report a real-time signal processing system for ultrasonic testing called the Intelligent Signal Extraction system. This improves the signal-to-noise ratio by synchronous averaging and by finite impulse filtering with an easy installation into a conventional ultrasonic testing system, resulting in a reliable quality control and guarantee system to meet the requirements in the quality of steel products. This signal processing system is being installed in the actual production lines of electric resistance welding where electrical noise should be reduced to achieve more reliable NDI systems. For the clad expansion pipes, the noise due to the austenitic coarse grains is found to be effectively reduced by the signal processing system. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339008 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53002 NT53002\(10) Reliability of Automatic Eddy-Current Equipment with a Rotating Magnetic Field,\(20) Grimberg, R. Savin, Adriana Mihalache, O. Rezlescu, N. Bradu, Elena \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ROMANIA, EDDY CURRENT TEST, RELIABILITY, MAGNETIC FIELDS, ROTATION.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 28,5; 1995; 297-301; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper presents a method for estimating the reliability of eddy-current nondestructive inspection by using the rotating magnetic field method. The results of the inspection are considered as memory-less stochastic processes, with the possibility of representation in a bi-dimensional space: 'good product' and 'bad product'. The general formulae are calculated by using the master equation for the time behaviour of the probabilities, the numerical data used for results estimation being obtained by means of an automatic eddy current installation with rotating magnetic field. The samples used had 20 microns, 40 microns, and 97 microns deep artificial faults, and the control speed ranged between 0.05 and 1 1/ms. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339007 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53001 NT53001\(10) Simplified NDE of a Closed Vertical Crack Using Ultrasonics, \(20) Saka, M. Uchikawa, T. \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, INVERSE, CRACK CLOSURE.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 28,5; 1995; 289-296; 17 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Ultrasonic testing using a normally incident longitudinal wave is used for sizing a closed crack. The crack exists vertically on the back-wall of the inspected plate. In order to evaluate the closed crack, the relationship between the first back-wall echo height and the crack depth for an open crack as the basis for evaluating the closed crack is determined experimentally and is introduced to the analysis of echo height for the closed crack. The unknown parameters in the evaluation of the closed crack, such as crack depth and the stress closing the crack, are determined by comparing the first back-wall echo height obtained through both analysis and experiment on the closed crack. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339006 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53000 NT53000\(10) Radar Assessment of Structural Concrete Using Neural Networks,\(20) Molyneaux, T.C. Millard, S.G. Bungey, J.H. Zhou, J.Q.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, RADAR, IMAGES, NEURAL NETWORKS, REINFORCED CONCRETE.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 28,5; 1995; 281-288; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An assessment of the capability of artificial neural networks to interpret radar images of reinforced concrete is presented. The capability of three-layer, fully connected networks to detect the presence of a bar, the size of a bar, and the depth of a bar is examined. The study demonstrates that the use of a neural network approach to interpret complex sub-surface radar results of embedded reinforcing bars is promising. The neural network approach is successful in locating reinforcing bars over a range of embedment depths on almost all occasions. In addition, it is shown to be possible to place each bar into a depth category with a high degree of success. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339005 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-52999 NT52999\(10) Optimal Scale Translations in Noisy Measurement Systems, \(20) Peleg, Kalman \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 13 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ISRAEL, MEASUREMENT, NOISE ANALYSIS, FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 28,5; 1995; 267-279; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In engineering, medicine, biology and agriculture, it is often desired to replace an invasive or slow measurement method, by nondestructive, faster or less expensive methods. The inevitable question is whether the two measurement methods are interchangeable. To answer this question, the common practice is to use linear regression based equations, as scale translation rules. It is shown that this approach is not optimal, when both measurement methods are noisy. Accordingly, a new approach for method comparisons is proposed, by high fidelity translation of the readings taken on the scale of one test, to the scale of another test, and vice versa. The proposed scale translation mode is based on minimizing the sum of squares of the differences between the absolute values of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) series, derived from the readings of the compared measurement methods. Whereas regression methods attempt to find the parameters of a line that provides the best fit to the observed data pairs, the FFT equalization method strives to find the parameters of a line that can render the difference between the translated readings as close to zero as possible. The line taken is illustrated by a comparative study on several artificial datasets of linearly related paired X,Y readings, with various levels of measurement noise. Quality criteria were developed for quantitative comparison of linear regression based, scale translation models versus the new method, while using the results from the artificially generated datasets for illustration. The comparisons indicate that scale translation by the FFT equalization method is optimal is terms of these \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339004 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-52998 NT52998\(10) Application of the L sub CR Ultrasonic Technique for Evaluation of Post-Weld Heat Treatment in Steel Plates, \(20) Bray, Don E. Junghans, Paul\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, WELDS, STRESSES, ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 28,4; 1995; 235-242; 29 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Ultrasonic travel times obtained with the L sub CR wave are able to distinguish between stress relieved and non-stress relieved 13mm (1/2 in) thick, steel plates. Two 1.22 m (48 in) square plates were patch welded in the centre to create a residual stress field, and one of the plates was stress relieved. The L sub CR ultrasonic technique sends a critically refracted longitudinal wave travelling beneath the plate surface, and the stresses in the plate affect the travel times through the acoustoelastic relationship. The L sub CR travel-time measurements not only distinguished between residual stress states in the plate, but also gave some information on their distribution and magnitude. Neither texture nor localized residual stresses affect the results. These findings demonstrate the potential usefulness of the technique for evaluating the state of post-weld heat treatment in structural \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339003 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-52997 NT52997\(10) Active Shielding of Eddy Current Sensors: A Method to Focus the Magnetic Field in Order to Improve Lateral Resolution and Coupling Coefficient, \(20) Dufour, Isabelle Placko, Dominique Geoffroy, Marc\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, SHIELDING, EDDY CURRENT SENSORS, FOCUSING.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 28,4; 1995; 225-233; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) We present an original method called 'active shielding', which provides improved eddy current sensor performance, mainly in terms of the coupling coefficient with the target, distance range and spatial resolution. The method is derived from the theory of electrical images. Initially, the basic principles of such sensor are highlighted. Then we present the method applied to the design of a cup sensor. We finally discuss the effects of active shielding based on the use of active elements to modify the distribution of the magnetic field in the sensing region of the sensor. The advantages of this method are demonstrated with examples: the coupling coefficient and the spatial resolution are improved whereas the distance range is not modified. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339002 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-52996 NT52996\(10) Comparison of Lamb Waves and Pulse Echo in Detection of Near-Surface Defects in Laminate Plates, \(20) Tan, K.S. Guo, N. Wong, B.S. Tui, C.G. \(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, SINGAPORE, COMPOSITE LAMINATES, LAMB WAVES, DELAMINATION, IMPACT DAMAGE, PULSE ECHO TECHNIQUE.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 28,4; 1995; 215-223; 22 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) One of the problems faced in ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) of composite laminates is near-surface delaminations which may be due to impact damage. The normal incidence pulse echo technique has difficulty in resolving echoes from this type of defect since they often lie within the length of the transmitted ultrasonic pulse. Although a high frequency probe may be used, it has its limitations and could be problematic in composite materials in which ply reflections may interfere with defect reflections. The use of an acoustic delay, together with a high frequency probe, may improve the detection. In this paper, a different approach has been developed using the fundamental Lamb wave (S0 mode) to detect delaminations in unidirectional fibre composite materials. It has been found that the Lamb wave amplitude decreases significantly over a delamination region. The decrease in amplitude is strongly dependent upon the depth of the delamination and is most sensitive to the delaminations near to the surface of the laminate. By scanning the transducer over the surface, it is possible to measure the size and depth of this kind of delamination. This technique is comparable to the delayed pulse echo technique and can be used to complement other techniques. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339001 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-52995 NT52995\(10) Feasibility of Under-Lagging Corrosion Detection in Steel Pipe using the Magnetostrictive Sensor Technique,\(20) Kwun, H. Holt, A.E.\(11) 01 Jan 1995\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0963-8695, PIPES, CORROSION, DEFECTS(MATERIALS), INSPECTION, MAGNETOSTRICTION, SENSORS, DEFECT DETECTION.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT&E International'; 28,4; 1995; 211-214; 16 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The feasibility of inspecting under-lagging steel pipes without lagging removal using the magnetostrictive sensor (MsS) technique is described. With the MsS technique, elastic waves are launched along the length of a pipe, and reflected echoes from defects such as cracks or corroded areas are detected using noncontacting sensors. Experimental results obtained from 6-m long, 3.8-cm diameter steel pipe samples before and after inducing simulated defectsin the pipewall are presented, and the potential capabilities of the MsS technique are discussed. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339000 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53581 NT53581\(10) Nondestructive Testing of Polymer Composites, \(20) Friedrich, K. Schuster, J. \(11) 01 Dec 1994\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materialprufung'; 36,11-12; November-December 1994; 468-474; 51 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The performance of conventional and newer methods of nondestructive testing of polymer composites are discussed with regard to resolution, cost and speed of analysis. Standard techniques like ultrasonic testing, radiography, thermography and sound emission analysis are treated in detail. Ultrasonic testing and radiography have become standard methods because of their high resolution. Impulse-thermography has developed into a competitive method. Newer procedures, such as computer tomography or laminography, are associated with high costs. The use of sound emission analysis is decreasing in importance for production-line non-destructive testing, however, it is finding increased use for defect analysis. (Editor). \(24) Available from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In German - order photocopy no. 199504-B2-D-0208). \(9) na\(23) ADD339519 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53505 NT53505\(10) Nondestructive Testing of Ceramic Components, \(20) Carpenter, D.A. Dews, T.W. Moyer, M.W. Oakes, R.E.\(11) 01 Dec 1994\(15) 34 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) LASERS, TUBING, TENSILE STRENGTH, ALUMINUM, ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS, TENSILE STRENGTH, DEFECTS(MATERIALS), CERAMICS.;\(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (DE95-009510). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) In a joint Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Martin Marietta Energy Systems (MMES) and an industrial partner, Y-12 has been evaluating nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques to identify the quality of high strength aluminum oxide tubes used in laser applications. In Phase I, several NDE techniques were developed to inspect the tubes. In Phase II a correlation between detected defects, actual failure mode and strength of the tubes was developed. In Phase II the industrial partner supplied tubes manufactured under a variety of conditions and containing material defects expected from process control variations. The tubes were inspected at MMES utilizing a variety of available acoustic techniques. After inspection, ring tensile specimens were fabricated to determine the tensile strength. The data were evaluated utilizing Weibull statistics to determine the statistical impact of the defects upon strength and correlate the data with the nondestructive evaluations of the tubes and observed defect distribution. (Author).\(24) Performed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6063. \(9) na\(23) ADD339453 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53546 NT53546\(10) Nondestructive Evaluation of Navy Structural Components Using Barkhausen Noise Analysis, \(20) Jo, J. Caudill, G. Santos, R.\(11) 01 Nov 1994\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0028-1425, BARKHAUSEN NOISE, NAVAL EQUIPMENT, MARINE APPLICATIONS, RESIDUAL STRESS, STEEL.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Naval Engineers Journal'; 106,6; November 1994; 71-75; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper presents the use of Barkhausen noise analysis (BNA) to nondestructively evaluate residual stresses in (1) shot-peened Almen strips made of 1070 steel, (2) a 4340 landing gear piston, and (3) a D6AC steel bulkhead. BNA output and X-ray stress values were compared and correlated for each of the components mentioned above. Almen strips were compared in the range of Almen intensity 2A-17A. BNA was consistent with X-ray diffraction measurements in the Almen strips and the landing gear piston. Quantitative analysis of stress characteristics between the two techniques was also discussed for the D6/AC bulkhead. (Author).\(24) Published by American Society of Naval Engineers Inc., 1452 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-3458.\(9) na\(23) ADD339491 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53223 NT53223\(10) NDE X-Ray Computed Tomography Applications Research. \(20) Neel, S. Trent Yancey, Robert N. Eliasen, Dennis S. Phillips, David H.\(11) 01 Nov 1994\(15) 68 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ULTRASONICS, METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES, CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES, CHARACTERIZATION, X RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This report summarizes research efforts in X-ray computed tomography at Wright Laboratory. Attention is focused on applications development efforts that have been successful in coupling CT with engineering functions to provide new insight to materials and processing issues in a cost effective manner. A sampling of the myriad of applications to be covered in this report includes: tracking of densification during the processing of composite materials and ceramics, measuring the thickness of internal walls in castings, failure analysis of an aircraft landing gear actuator, and verification of modeling damage zones in slug impacted fiberglass armor. Extrapolation of specific studies to broader horizons are offered. (Author). Descriptive Note: Final Report - Aug. 1989 - Sept. 1994,\(24) Performed by Advanced Research and Applications Corp., 425 Lakeside Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086.\(9) na\(23) ADD339210 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53629 NT53629\(10) Non-Destructive Assessment of Porosity in Composite Repairs, \(20) Guo, N. Cawley, P.\(11) 01 Oct 1994\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0010-4361, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, COMPOSITES, POROSITY, ULTRASONIC ATTENUATION, REPAIRS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composites'; 25,9; October 1994; 842-850; 15 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Composite materials are increasingly used in aerospace application and, if they are damaged, it is frequently attractive to repair them rather than to undertake complete replacement. Non-destructive techniques to assess the quality of repairs are therefore required. Porosity is a very common problem in repairs, and this paper discusses possible techniques for measurement of the degree of porosity present in the repaired area and in the bondline between the repair and the parent structure. It has been shown that ultrasonic attenuation measurements obtained from the amplitude of the echo returning from the back wall of the structure provide a satisfactory technique for use in the field, where immersion testing is not possible. Tests have been carried out on a variety of both good and poor quality repairs and it has been shown that satisfactory measurements can be obtained using commercially available equipment that is well suited for field use. (Author). \(24) Published by Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, England. \(9) na\(23) ADD339564 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53606 NT53606\(10) Characterization of Interfaces by Photothermal Methods,\(20) Walther, H.G. Karpen, W.\(11) 01 Oct 1994\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0003-2670, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, SURFACES, INTERFACES, PHOTOTHERMAL CHARACTERIZATION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Analytica Chimica Acta'; 297,1-2; October 1994; 87-96; 44 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An overview is given of the ability of photothermal techniques to detect hidden interfaces in solid-state samples. The photothermal signal behaviour for horizontal, vertical and randomly distributed interfaces is described. Methods for imaging buried thermal inhomogeneities are discussed. Selected applications are given which demonstrate the potential of the photothermal approach to measuring layer thickness and coating adhesion, to tracing cracks and pores and to evaluating microstructured or crystalline specimens. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands. \(9) na\(23) ADD339541 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53605 NT53605\(10) Non-Destructive Analysis of Materials and Devices by Means of Scanning Acoustic Microscopy,\(20) VAN DEN Berg, J. van Oijen, J. Werner, H.W. \(11) 01 Oct 1994\(15) 14 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0003-2670, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, NETHERLANDS, MICROSCOPY, SCANNING ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY, ACOUSTICS, SURFACES, MICROCRACKS, VOIDS, DELAMINATIONS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Analytica Chimica Acta'; 297,1-2; October 1994; 73-86; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The position of scanning acoustic microscopy (SCAM) in the context of destructive versus non-destructive analytical techniques is discussed. The principle of SCAM is touched briefly to a level which will allow an understanding of the various examples of application presented in this article. Examples of SCAM applications will be reported (a) on different types of non-destructive analysis such as: detection of delaminations, voids and microcracks, grain structures, geometrical multilayer composition, strain detection and surface roughness and (b) samples from different fields of material science and technology: IC technology, metals, plastics, and advanced materials (glass, fibre reinforced composites). The message of this contribution is to focus attention on SCAM as a non-destructive, fast technique which can be used with success in selected cases, where additional information about the sample is present. However, theory of SCAM and hence interpretation of SCAM images is not straightforward and needs expert knowledge. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands. \(9) na\(23) ADD339540 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53577 NT53577\(10) Estimation of Fatigue Defect Pile-Up with Help Acoustic Technique,\(20) Chaplygin, V.N. Kharitonov, V.B. Komarov, K.L. Murav'ev, V.V. Zuev, L.B.\(11) 01 Aug 1994\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, STEEL, ULTRASONIC SURFACE WAVES, FATIGUE(MECHANICS), MICROCRACKS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Preblemy Mashinostroeniya Nadezhiyosti Mashin'; 4; July-August 1994; 103-107; 14 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The nondestructive testing of fatigue fracture is proposed on propagation velocity of ultrasonic surface waves. The association of ultrasonic velocity with the internal stresses induced by their concentration at the microcracks and fatigue cracks is shown. The proposed technique allows the diagnostics of defect pile-up and the record of transition from normal operation stage to a wear one. The residual recourse forecasting for components and structures is possible. The specimens of 45 steel are tested. (Editor). \(24) Available from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 199503-22-0324).\(9) na\(23) ADD339515 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53628 NT53628\(10) Measurement of the Internal Local Stress Distribution of Composite Materials by Means of Laser Imaging Methods,\(20) Yan, X. Ohsawa, T.\(11) 01 Jul 1994\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0010-4361, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, THERMAL STRESSES, RESIDUAL STRESS, LASER IMAGING HOLOGRAPHY, PHOTOELASTICITY, GLASS FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, EPOXY RESINS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composites'; 25,6; July 1994; 443-450; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A new method, based on photoelastic and holographic interferometric techniques, is proposed for observing the distribution of internal local stress in composite materials. Isochromatic and isopachic fringe patterns can be observed simultaneously to obtain the principle stresses (sigma sub 1) and (sigma sub 2) quantitatively. The proposed method is applied to observe the stress/strain characteristics of epoxy materials and glass fibre-reinforced epoxy composites. The thermal residual stress distribution in the thermosetting composite is also studied. (Author).\(24) Published by Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, England. \(9) na\(23) ADD339563 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53524 NT53524\(10) Non-Destructive Testing of Rolled Product Quality at ZSMK,\(20) Gorbachev, V.P. Gramotnik, I.V. Serebryakov, S.V. Siviryuk, V.L.\(11) 01 Jun 1994\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, ULTRASONIC TESTING, STEEL, ROLLING(METALLURGY).; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Stal'; 6; June 1994; 78-79; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The widely spread testing techniques such as magnetic, statistical and ultrasonic ones are considered as applied to mechanical properties of final rolled product. The magnetic (coercive force measuring) technique is used for testing hot-rolled shaped sections of steel types 3ps, 09G2S and 45. Statistical method is applied to rolled product of following steels: 25G2s, 35GS, 5ps, 35, 45, 3ps, 08G2S, 09G2Sts and 1(2,3)kp. Pilot and industrial tests of the ultrasonic flaw detector built in the processing line are accomplished. (Editor).\(24) Available from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 199502-22-0127).\(9) na\(23) ADD339472 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53627 NT53627\(10) Rapid Non-Destructive Inspection of Large Composite Structures,\(20) Cawley, P.\(11) 01 May 1994\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0010-4361, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, COMPOSITE STRUCTURES, LASER ULTRASONICS, SHEAROGRAPHY, LAMB WAVES, TRANSIENT THERMOGRAPHY.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composites'; 25,5; May 1994; 351-357; 32 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Conventional non-destructive evaluation of composite materials by techniques such as ultrasonic C-scan involves scanning a transducer over the whole area of structure to be tested. This type of testing is very time consuming, and hence expensive. In practice, composite laminates are often damage tolerant and it is frequently only necessary to find relatively large defects, for example 10-20 mm diameter delaminations. There is, therefore, a need to develop a testing technique that will detect defects of this type quickly and reliably; if a defect is found, conventional methods may, if necessary, then be used to characterize it in detail. Possible currently available techniques include thermography, holography, shearography and scanning laser ultrasonics. These have the potential to carry out relatively quick inspections, but are all very expensive to implement. Ultrasonic Lamb waves, which propagate in the plane of plate-like structures, have potential to be used for the long-range testing of composite laminates since they can propagate a long distance along the laminate and a large region can therefore be interrogated from each transducer position. Recent work at Imperial College has investigated the possibility of using these waves as a basis of a quick, relatively cheap method for the detection of delaminations in large structures. This paper reviews the currently available techniques and discusses their relative advantages and disadvantages, and then goes on to discuss the potential of the Lamb wave method. (Author).\(24) Published by Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, England. \(9) na\(23) ADD339562 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53579 NT53579\(10) Ultrasonic Methods to Measure Stress. \(20) na\(11) 01 May 1994\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0391-5891, NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ITALY, ULTRASONICS, RESIDUAL STRESS, RAILROAD WHEELS, RAILROADS, TRACKS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Lamiera'; 31,5; May 1994; 208-219; 16 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Ultrasound equipment is used to measure residual stress due to nonhomogeneous plastic deformation or thermal shock. Cracks and breaks due to circumferential distribution of stress in rail car wheel are detected by ultrasound. Rail tracks are tested for longitudinal stress. (Editor).\(24) Available from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Italian - order photocopy no. 199503-22-0364).\(9) na\(23) ADD339517 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53604 NT53604\(10) Application of Scanning Acoustic Microscopy to Polymeric Materials,\(20) Lisy, F. Hiltner, A. Baer, E. Katz, J.L. Meunier, A.\(11) 01 Apr 1994\(15) 24 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) SCANNING ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY, POLYMERS, COMPOSITES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Applied Polymer Science'; 52,2; April 1994; 329-352; 19 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) is now a viable technique for the nondestructive evaluation of various materials. SAM is capable of distinguishing defects and discontinuities and/or the variations in elastic properties on a scale comparable to optical microscopy. This technique was applied to image surface features of an opaque sheet-molding compound and to analyze flow patterns of chopped glass fibers. The pulse mode was also used to image the internal damage sustained from a high-speed projectile in oriented polypropylene and two carbon fiber-reinforced composites, with different matrices. Most importantly, the pulse mode of the acoustic microscope is a nondestructive method and the interior of samples that are entirely opaque can be readily studied with this unique instrument. The burst mode is composed of a group of acoustic waves and is capable of operating at higher frequencies than the pulse mode up to several gigahertz. This mode permits resolution down to the micrometer level and is especially useful for investigating surface and subsurface microstructural features. The burst mode was used to determine the distribution of chopped fibers in a PEEK matrix and carbon black particulates in an adhesive, the orientation of the mineral phase and density variations in a single osteon from a dog femur, and the orientation of collagen fibers in a sheep meniscus. Also, the sensitivity of the burst mode to surface features was used to examine the topographical features in a multilayer composite and a blend of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) particulates. (Author/Modified). \(24) Published by John Wiley & Sons Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10158-0012. \(9) na\(23) ADD339539 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53626 NT53626\(10) Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Damage Using High Amplitude Gains in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Poly(Ether Ketone Ketone),\(20) Verma, R.K. Kander, R.G. Hsiao, B.S.\(11) 01 Mar 1994\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0261-8028, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, DAMAGE ASSESSMENT, BENDING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Materials Science Letters'; 13,6; March 1994; 438-442; 16 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) In this study the authors have observed an unusual acoustic activity at low strokes during a quasi-static three-point bend test. This acoustic activity at low strokes is present when the processing conditions are varied. However, it is not so promiment when the resin system is changed altogether. From the results it can be concluded that these type 1 events are probably generated by damage events in the matrix and that they do not cause appreciable damage to the static mechanical performance of the composite system. These type 1 events are not observed at lower amplitude gains. (Author/Modified).\(24) Published by Chapman & Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339561 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53625 NT53625\(10) 'Bundle-Debond' Technique for Characterizing Fibre/Matrix Interfacial Adhesion,\(20) Gopal, P. Dharani, L.R. Subramaniam, N. Blum, Frank D.\(11) 01 Mar 1994\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0022-2461, INTERFACES, ADHESION, CHARACTERIZATION, FIBER MATRIX, DEBONDING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Materials Science'; 29,5; March 1994; 1185-1190; 14 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An experimental technique called bundle-debonding, has been developed for characterizing the interfacial adhesion of fibre bundles and matrix. The specimen is double-notched and contains a partially embedded fibre layer in between the notches. When a tensile load is applied at the specimen ends, the load transfer across the notch and between two pieces of matrix, occurs through the interface between a single layer of fibres and matrix. Kevlar-29 (Kevlar is a registered trademark of E.I. duPont de nemours) fibre tows were used in conjunction with a solid phenolic resin to fabricate the specimens. Experiments were conducted at various embedded lengths resulting in interfacial debond. A simple shear-lag analysis was carried out to determine the interfacial shear strength. The interfacial shear strength of Kevlar-29/phenolic resin has been determined to be 15 MPa. This technique is promising for application on several fibre/matrix systems, especially for fibres of extremely low nominal diameter, supplied as tows.\(24) Published by Chapman & Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339560 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53578 NT53578\(10) Magnetizing Regime at Nondestructive Testing of Tempered Components by Second Residual Magnetic Induction,\(20) Bida, G.V. Sazhina, E.Y. Tsar'kova, T.P.\(11) 01 Mar 1994\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, STEEL, MAGNETIC INDUCTION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 3; March 1994; 26-31; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) An expression is proposed to estimate the external magnetizing field which provides an unambiguous dependence of second residual magnetic induction from tempering temperature. The ultimate value of the component shape coefficient is estimated wherein this dependence is efficient to control. The studies are carried out on specimens of steels 35, 45, 50G, 75G, U8A, U10A, 12KhN3A, 15KhSND, 20KhN3A, 20KhMA, 30KhMA, 30KhGSA, 30Kh3MFAF, 38KhN3MA, 38KhMYuA, 38KhS, 40Kh, 40KhFA, 40Kh2n2ma, 50KhNM, 45Kh1, 65S2VA, 7Kh3, 9KhF, ShKh15, and M74. (Author).\(24) Available from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 199503-22-0329).\(9) na\(23) ADD339516 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53576 NT53576\(10) Eddy Current Testing of Electrical Resistivity of Zirconium Alloys,\(20) Bakulin, V.I. Demin, A.V. Popov, V.K.\(11) 01 Mar 1994\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, NUCLEAR REACTORS, NUCLEAR FUEL, EDDY CURRENT TEST, ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY, ZIRCONIUM.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 3; March 1994; 57-64; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The fuel can and other structural materials for nuclear reactors (100, 100Al, 110, 125, ETs-1, E-635, Ts-2M, OzhKh-0.5, and OZhKh-1.0 alloys) are studied are studied by eddy current structuroscopes. The association is established between electrical resistivity and chemical composition as well as other characteristics for these alloys. Temperature coefficient for electrical resistance is determined. The testing results are discussed regarding the tubes served as a fuel cans in the VVER reactor.\(24) Available from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 199503-22-0330).\(9) na\(23) ADD339514 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53541 NT53541\(10) Enhancement of Ultrasonic Images of Defects in 3-D Composite, \(20) Long, Edward R., Jr. \(11) 01 Mar 1994\(15) 15 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0731-6844, COMPOSITES, C-SCAN, ULTRASONICS, THREE DIMENSIONAL, IMAGE ENHANCEMENT.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites'; 13,3; March 1994; 271-285; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Image enhancement and analysis methods are applied to ultrasonic C-scans of stitched, resin transferred molded 3-D composites to make their quality for visual determination of the amount of porosity defect equal to that for 2-D composites conventionally fabricated from prepreg. The application of these methods is necessary because the 3-D reinforcing fiber architecture, along which the porosity tends to form during fabrication, is also imaged in the ultrasonic c-scans, thus severely limiting the visual determination of the amount of porosity present. Comparisons are made of the C-scan images of a stitched panel before and after the application of image enhancement and analysis methods to demonstrate the value of the methos. The importance of the number of shades of grey in the image for visual interpretation of defects and for the application of the enhancement methods is also\(24) Published by Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., Box 3535, Lancaster, PA 17604.\(9) na\(23) ADD339489 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53520 NT53520\(10) Development of New Equipment and Technology for Magneto-Graphic Testing in Industrial Conditions, \(20) Novikov, A.E. Olvinskii, L.V. Petrakovskii, V.V.\(11) 01 Feb 1994\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0130-3082, NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, BELARUS, MAGNETOGRAPHICS, WELDS, PIPELINES, DEFECTOSCOPE.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 2; February 1994; 36-37; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The production of a colored television magnetographic defectoscope combined with a magnetizer was brought to a commercial level. For the selectivity and magnetizing force to be improved at the same weight and dimensions, a fundamentally new design of a magnetizer has been developed. The device detects defects in welds of oil and gas pipelines 111-1420 mm in diameter and in low-carbon sheet 0.5-25 mm thick at any depths and also in articles of arbitrary thickness, at a depth of as much as 15 mm.\(24) Available from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 199502-22-0121).\(9) na\(23) ADD339468 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53512 NT53512\(10) Utilization of PVDF Sensors to Determine Impact Damage in Graphite/Epoxy Plates by Acousto-Ultrasonic Technique, \(20) Smith, I.C. Hoa, S.V. \(11) 01 Feb 1994\(15) 17 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0731-6844, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS, GRAPHITE EPOXY, IMPACT DAMAGE, SENSORS, POLYVINYLIDENES.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites'; 13,2; February 1994; 111-127; 24 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The scope of this study into the use of metallized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) foil sensors in the detection of impact damage of graphite/epoxy plates is two-fold. First, it establishes that low energy impact damage, undetectable through visual examination and ultrasonic C-scan, can be detected through the acousto-ultrasonic (AU) technique. Secondly, it assesses the utility of PVDF sensors in obtaining AU signals. The AU approach to verification of material integrity is based on the premise that structural flaws will cause a greater attenuation of the ultrasonic pulse when compared to the attenuation of the signal through unflawed material. Through AU technique, material structural integrity can be determined by comparative means. Graphite/epoxy test plates were ultrasonically C-scanned, the PVDF sensors were adhesively bonded to the test plates and used to evaluate the structural integrity prior to impact testing. The plates were then subjected to impact and subsequently ultrasonically C-scanned to determine signal attenuation due to impact damage. Pattern classification was used to correlate impact damage with waveform changes and investigate waveform pattern repeatability. Acoustic signal characterization was accomplished using ICEPAK software. (Author).\(24) Published by Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., Box 3535, Lancaster, PA 17604.\(9) na\(23) ADD339460 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53630 NT53630\(10) Development of Non-Destructive Quality Assessment Criterion of 7075-T6 Al-Zn-Mg Alloy Components Using Fracture Mechanics Techniques,\(20) Barui, K.L. Bhattacharya, B. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0013-7944, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, INDIA, FRACTURE MECHANICS, ALLOYS, ALUMINUM.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Engineering Fracture Mechanics'; 47,1; January 1994; 121-131; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A quality assessment procedures based on a fracture mechanics approach is analytically developed for the non-destructive evaluation of components made of 7075-T6 grade Al-Zn-Mg alloy. The maximum allowable defect sizes for both static and cyclic loads are computed. For different stress levels and shapes of the defects, the initially existing allowable defect sizes versus number of operating cycles curves are presented. The tolerable defect sizes, in most of the cases, are found to be well below the detectable limit of the most sensitive non-destructive testing techniques. Hence knowledge of the maximum allowable operating cycles of the components for non-destructively detectable minimum defects is essential. A practical example of the assessment of welded aluminum alloy bridge components is cited. These assessments are very helpful in the realistic prediction of the safe life of the components as well as their best utilization in service. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., P.O. Box 800, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1DX, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339565 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53623 NT53623\(10) Neutron-Diffraction Determination of Residual Stresses in Advanced Composites,\(20) Kupperman, D.S.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 27 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0084-6600, NEUTRON DIFFRACTION, RESIDUAL STRESS, STRAIN, COMPOSITES, CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES, METAL MATRIX COMPOSITS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Annual Review of Materials Science'; 24; 1994; 265-291; 35 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In this paper, neutron diffraction techniques for measuring strain, analytical models for predicting stresses and strains, and results of neutron diffraction experiments with metal- and ceramic-matrix composites are reviewed. (Author). \(24) Published by Annual Reviews, Inc., Box 10139, Palo Alto, CA 94303-0193.\(9) na\(23) ADD339558 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53607 NT53607\(10) Speckle Interferometry for Detection of Subsurface Damage in Fibre-Reinforced Composites, \(20) Hertwig, Manfred Flemming, Torsten Usinger, Ralf \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0957-0233, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, SWITZERLAND, SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY, SUBSURFACE DAMAGE, FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Measurement Science and Technology'; 5,2; 1994; 100-104; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A recently reported new technique renders speckle interferometry applicable for measuring high local displacement gradients. This paper reports how the technique is used to detect and quantify damage in fatigue carbon fibre-reinforced plastic laminates via its effect on surface displacements. Moreover, the measured displacement fields are used to verify a finite element damage model. The accuracy of the delamination measurement is confirmed by ultrasonic results. (Author).\(24) Published by IOP Publishing, Techno House, Redcliffe Way, Bristol BS1 6NX, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339542 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53603 NT53603\(10) Application of the Load-Strike Hysteresis Technique for Evaluating Fatigue Damage Development,\(20) Baxter, T. Reifsnider, K.L. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FATIGUE DAMAGE, HYSTERESIS, COMPOSITES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Proc.; American Society for Composites; Ninth Technical Conference; University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; September 20-24, 1994; 257-264; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A new experimental method was developed to measure hysteresis loss during a fatigue test from the load and stroke signals of a standard servo-hydraulic materials testing system. The method was used to characterize changes in properties and performance induced by long-term cyclic loading. Advantages of the load-stroke hysteresis measurement include: (1) contact with the specimen is not required, (2) the fatigue test is not interrupted for data collection, (3) the measured quantity (the hysteresis loop area) is directly related to the (damage) events that alter material properties and life, and (4) a quantitative measure of damage extent and development rate is obtained. The method was used to evaluate damage development during fatigue tests of polymeric composite laminates with unidirectional and angle-ply fiber orientations. The hysteresis loop measurements were used to identify the different stages of damage development and the different damage mechanisms (matrix cracking, delamination, and fiber fracture) in the materials systems. The results from the hysteresis technique were correlated with conventional NDE methods such as dynamic signal analysis and specimen surface temperature measurements. It was found that the load-stroke hysteresis technique was especially sensitive to the fiber fracture, the most difficult type of damage process to interrogate in-situ. The hysteresis technique may provide a valuable method for predicting failure in composite specimens. (Author). \(24) Published by Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., Box 3535, Lancaster, PA 17604.\(9) na\(23) ADD339538 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53602 NT53602\(10) Volumetric Visualization of Ultrasonic NDE of Composite Laminates,\(20) Steiner, K.V. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ULTRASONICS, FATIGUE DAMAGE, COMPOSITES, LAMINATES, IMAGE ENHANCEMENT, VISUALIZATION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Proc.; American Society for Composites; Ninth Technical Conference; University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; September 20-24, 1994; 238-245; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The need to detect the onset and location of damages in composite laminates has led to the development of new visualization methods for ultrasonically obtained NDE data. Over the years, ultrasonics have been established as one of the principal investigation techniques for nondestructive evaluation of composite structures. Ultrasonic NDE methods have been employed successfully for the detection of horizontally located defects such as delaminations, contaminations, impact damage, etc. However, traditional ultrasonic C-scans have been limited in reliably detecting vertically oriented damages in a composite laminate such as matrix cracking. State-of-the-art image enhancement techniques have been developed and applied to aid the inspector in the interpretation of ultrasonically obtained results. These methods include algorithms to highlight particular information about the composite such as matrix rich or poor areas, and fiber orientations. For a more detailed inspection of the composite laminate a digitized full-volume inspection method is being utilized. To this end, several novel visualization and enhancement software packages are being applied. The paper introduces and describes the ultrasonic NDE, image enhancement, and advanced visualization methods and analyzes the obtained results. (Author). \(24) Published by Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., Box 3535, Lancaster, PA 17604.\(9) na\(23) ADD339537 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53601 NT53601\(10) Materials Characterization with Integrated Intelligent Instruments,\(20) Liebman, S.A. Pesce-Rodriquez, R.A. Morris, J.B. McNesby, K. Gillich, C.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) COMPOSITES, MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION, NEURAL NETWORKS, LASERS, COMPUTERS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Proc.; American Society for Composites; Ninth Technical Conference; University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; September 20-24, 1994; 231-237; 18 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) High performance polymeric/ceramic composites have provided new capabilities in this aerospace, automotive, and consumer product industries. In-field performance of these materials is related to their chemical and physical microstructures, as well as to the formulation and processing operations in their fabrication. Instrumentation and methods used in trace organic analysis permit detailed studies of fibers, laminates, powders, or bulk solids. Analytical pyrolysis and supercritical fluid technologies are used in conjunction with spectral detection systems, such as mass spectrometry and/or Fourier transform infrared spectometers to provide unique information about their chemical microstructure and composition. These data are basic to QA/QC and process operations that guide the manufacture of high quality products in diverse industries. Nondestructive analyses are conducted with a laser scanner/computer system for automated detection of surface or internal flaws in composite materials. These applications use neural networks that are trained with data obtained from x-ray, ultrasonic, photographic, or other spectral patterns in studies of propellants and polymer/ceramic composites. Technology transfer is demonstrated by government-industry-academic cooperative research efforts that impact the design, engineering, and processing of new composite materials. (Author).\(24) Published by Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., Box 3535, Lancaster, PA 17604.\(9) na\(23) ADD339536 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53600 NT53600\(10) Application of a Neural Network to Damage Identification in CFRP Laminates,\(20) Byon, O.I. Fujikawa, Y. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, NEURAL NETWORKS, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC, LAMINATES, DAMAGE ASSESSMENT.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Proc.; American Society for Composites; Ninth Technical Conference; University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; September 20-24, 1994; 169-176; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) For the wider use of CFRP, the damage specially in the laminated direction such as transverse cracking, delamination or fiber-matrix debonding should be easily and economically searched and a reasonable non-destructive test method should be also fixed. This paper presents the application of the hierarchical neural network to the damage identification in the CFRP laminated beam and discusses the accuracy and the efficiency of this method. As a result, it is found that the neural network is the very useful and practical non-destructive method as the first approximation of damage identification in the CFRP laminated beam. Even the network is developed through the iterative calculation, this network is fitted for the field measuring because the damage can be identified by the simpler operations of summations and multiplications. (Author).\(24) Published by Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., Box 3535, Lancaster, PA 17604.\(9) na\(23) ADD339535 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53599 NT53599\(10) Damage Detection Using Embedded Piezoelectric Elements,\(20) Jian, X.H. Tzou, H.S. Penn, L.S.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) EMBEDDED SENSORS, PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS, COMPOSITES, LAMINATES, BEAMS(STRUCTURAL), DAMAGE DETECTION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Proc.; American Society for Composites; Ninth Technical Conference; University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; September 20-24, 1994; 36-43; 17 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) An experimental program using embedded piezoelectric elements to sense damage development in structural composites is described. Two approaches are taken; in one approach an embedded piezoelectric element is used as an actuator to apply an oscillatory function and the remaining embedded elements monitor the response of the composite, whereas in the other approach an external pulse is applied and all of the embedded elements monitor the response of the composite. Procedures for fabrication of glass fiber/epoxy composites with embedded piezoelectric elements are described. Both damaged and undamaged composites were tested under forced oscillation and free vibration due to external pulse; results are reported for laminates and beams. The variation of response with material direction is discussed. (Author). \(24) Published by Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., Box 3535, Lancaster, PA 17604.\(9) na\(23) ADD339534 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53583 NT53583\(10) Ultrasonic Testing of Materials, \(20) Imanaka, T. Suetsugu, J. Nomura, T.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ULTRASONIC TESTING, DEFECTS(MATERIALS), ULTRASONIC SPECTROSCOPY.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Kogyo Zairyo'; 42,3; 1994; 117-122; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Defects in material can be detected by observing scattering pattern of ultrasonic waves. The ultrasonic spectroscopy is based on damping of sound waves and change in velocity while passing through the material. The scattering of sound waves is classified as dispersion, stochastic, and Rayleigh scattering. The frequency characteristics of the material can be calculated by using convolution of those at the pulse generator, convertor, and the output. The organization of microstructure and defects in the material affect the frequency characteristics, resulting in change in acoustic parameters of the power spectrum. The ultrasonic waves used in this process should have a pulse width of approximately 5 ns or less. (Editor). \(24) Available from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Japanese - order photocopy no. 199504-22-0421).\(9) na\(23) ADD339521 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53538 NT53538\(10) Nondestructive Testing of Coatings Using Ultrasonic Leaky Rayleigh Waves, \(20) Xu, P.C. Stranart, J.C. Meguid, S.A. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87170-509-5, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, LEAKY LAMB WAVES, RAYLEIGH WAVES, COATINGS, ULTRASONICS, MODELS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in '1994 Thermal Spray Industrial Applications'; Proc. 7th National Thermal Spray Conference; Boston, MA; 20-24 June 1994; 765-769; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) In an earlier work the authors successfully applied the leaky Lamb wave (LLW) technique to the measurement of elastic wave speeds in both the substrate and coating. In the present study, the leaky Rayleigh wave (LRW) technique is used to measure elastic wave speeds of the coating. In the LRW measurement, the specimen is immersed in water and the coated side is insonified obliquely by ultrasonic waves emitted from a transducer. A second transducer receives the reflected signals in a pitch-catch position. Unlike the LLW measurement, the reflection from the bottom of the substrate is gated out and the interaction between the specular reflection and the guided wave in the coating layer is optimized. For typical plasma sprayed samples, with coating thickness 0.1 mm - 0.3 mm, the amplitude spectrum of the recorded signals was found to have two adjacent well developed minima in the frequency range of 3-7 MHz. A theoretical model of this feature has enabled the determination of the longitudinal and transverse wave speeds of the coating. (Author).\(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339486 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53533 NT53533\(10) Model for the Tranmission of Ultrasound During the Fusion Bonding of Composites, \(20) Tackitt, K.D. Don, R.C. Gillespie, J.W., Jr. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87170-542-7, MODELS(SIMULATIONS), ULTRASOUND, COMPOSITES, FUSION BONDING, THROUGH TRANSMISSION, MULTILAYERED MEDIA.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Composites X'; Proc. 10th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference, Dearborn, MI; 7-10 November 1994; 575-584; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This paper presents a basic model for predicting the through transmission ultrasonic (TTU) amplitude response of multilayered composite media undergoing a fusion bonding process as a function of temperature and degree of intimate contact at the interface of interest. The model response to frequency, layer thickness, and degree of intimate contact was investigated. The model predictions are compared to the on-line TTU results obtained from a resistance welded PEEK/APC 2 weld. (Author). \(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-6002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339481 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53532 NT53532\(10) In Situ Characterization of Liquid Crystalline Polymer Flow Using Neutron Scattering, \(20) Dadmun, M.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87170-542-7, LIQUID CRYSTALS, POLYMERS, NEUTRON SCATTERING, IN SITU, CHARACTERIZATION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Composites X'; Proc. 10th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference, Dearborn, MI; 7-10 November 1994; 369-375; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The alignment during processing of a liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) results in the unusual ultimate properties and unique physics of LCPs. We are interested in understanding the coupling of shear flow to the orientation of a liquid crystalline polymer in solution. We will describe a method for determining the change in orientation of an LCP by shear flow with neutron scattering. We will discuss results of the application of this technique to solutions of poly(benzyl L-glutamate) (PBLG) in deuterated benzyl alcohol and hydroxpropylcellulose (HPC) in deuterated water. It will also be shown that the neutron scattering results correlate well to the simultaneously measured shear viscosity, which allows the use of this technique to a greater audience as the neutron and viscosity measurements can be completed once and then the viscosity can serve as a secondary standard in the future. (Author).\(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-6002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339480 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53531 NT53531\(10) Nondestructive Evaluation of Discontinuous Reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites Requirements for New Technologies, \(20) Chen, E.Y. Lawson, L. Mesu, M. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87170-542-7, METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES, ALUMINUM, DISCONTINUITY, MICROCRACKS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Composites X'; Proc. 10th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference, Dearborn, MI; 7-10 November 1994; 173-184; 42 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Discontinuous reinforced aluminum (DRA) metal matrix composites represent a promising class of advanced composites with growing use in transportation. The employment of DRA, however, presents new challenges for nondestructive evaluation (NDE). Fatigue failure in DRA is governed by the initiation and growth of many microcracks which lead to widespread coalescence and ultimately fatal crack formation. The interval from which the fatal crack grows as a long crack and can be detected by NDE is relatively short. As a result, present techniques of NDE inspection and scheduling are not always reliable. Quality assurance inspections, nevertheless, can be improved if the microcrack length distributions at various stages in the fatigue are known. Such information pinpoints the timing for NDE inspection and prescribes the sensitivity of crack detection depending on needed reliability. This study reports experimental data for microcrack distributions in smooth specimens of 2xxx-type Al-SiC composites accompanied with simulation results used to estimate the initiation likelihood of cracks of particular lengths. A microcrack-based NDE inspection philosophy encompassing not only DRA, but other advanced materials and common metals as well, is presented. \(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-6002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339479 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53530 NT53530\(10) Property Distribution Determination for Nonuniforum Composite Beams from Spectral Data and Galerkin's Method, \(20) Chen, W.H. Gibson, R.F. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87170-542-7, COMPOSITES, BEAMS(STRUCTURAL).;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Composites X'; Proc. 10th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference, Dearborn, MI; 7-10 November 1994; 101-109; 14 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This paper extends the authors' previous work regarding the determination of the property distributions in nonuniform composite beams by the use of the impulse-frequency response technique and Galerkin's method. In our previous work, the required frequency spectral data was generated by shifting the clamping location of the cantilever beam specimens. Attention is now focused on the generation of frequency data by the use of two types of clamped-mass beam configurations. One configuration has different masses attached at the free end of a cantilever beam and the other has the same mass located at different positions along the cantilever beam. The elastic constants and the density are all assumed to be functions of fiber volume fraction, while the spatial distribution of the fiber volume fraction is assumed to be given by a polynomial function. The concept of an effective density is employed to obtain the coefficients of the polynomial as the solutions in the inverse problem. Results show that the fundamental mode gives rise to better predictions than the higher modes do. Also, the error in the solution increases as the weight of the added mass increases for a fixed mode. Results are also compared with those obtained from the earlier model which was developed on the basis of shifting of the clamping location. (Author). \(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-6002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339478 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53529 NT53529\(10) Evaluation of Manufacturing Variations in XMC Composites Using Modal Parameters, \(20) Mallick, P.K. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87170-542-7, COMPOSITES, MANUFACTURING, MODAL ANALYSIS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Composites X'; Proc. 10th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference, Dearborn, MI; 7-10 November 1994; 91-99; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This study presents experimental data on the vibration characteristics of XMC composite plates containing both x-patterned continuous fibers and short random fibers. Some of the composite plates contain large manufacturing variations intentionally introduced during compression molding of these plates. These variations are thickness variation, fiber misorientation, improper plying and overlaps. The modal parameters investigated are resonant frequencies, damping factors, mode shapes and vibration amplitude. Based on these observations, the use of modal testing for non-destructive evaluation of manufacturing defects is\(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-6002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339477 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53528 NT53528\(10) Embedded Acoustic Waveguides for Monitoring Composite Material Processing and NDE,\(20) Harrold, R.T. Brynsvold, R. Hanko, D.J.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87170-542-7, ACOUSTIC WAVE GUIDES, EMBEDDED SENSORS, COMPOSITES, IN PROCESS INSPECTION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Composites X'; Proc. 10th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference, Dearborn, MI; 7-10 November 1994; 83-89; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Embedded acoustic waveguides (AWG) of 10 mil diameter Nichrome for example, can be used to guide acoustic waves through composite parts during processing and the wave attenuation data can be interpreted in terms of real time viscosity, gelation and modulus information. Consequently, embedded AWG offer a means of feedback and control of composite molding processes. Following the manufacture of a part, measurements of acoustic wave velocity can yield approximate measurements of internal residual strain and material modulus and help in quality assessment. During the material lifetime the embedded AWG are available for internal strain sensing (via attenuation) and modulus measurement (via wave velocity) which should help in assessing damage and remaining life. In a program funded by the National Automotive Center is is planned to develop this AWG technology for production line use during the manufacture of both military and civilian composite vehicles. Specifically, this program addresses the control of resin transfer molding processes with emphasis on monitoring complete cure, void formation, complete mold filling, bondline integrity and NDE. In this work reported here it is shown that the embedded AWG can monitor the cure of parts with right-angled bends, yield credible values for resin viscosity and modulus, and have the potential to determine the relative shear strengths of quasi kissing-type of bonds between resin parts. (Author). \(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-6002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339476 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53527 NT53527\(10) Improved Characterization of Thick Composite Panels, \(20) Ayorinde, E.O.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87170-542-7, CHARACTERIZATION, THICK COMPOSITES, PANELS(STRUCTURAL), ELASTIC CONSTANTS, IN SITU.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Composites X'; Proc. 10th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference, Dearborn, MI; 7-10 November 1994; 21-29; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A method of obtaining the three dimensional elastic constants of a completely free orthotropic plate from experimental plate vibration data, using an optimized three-mode Rayleigh formulation that incorporates through-the-thickness shear and rotatory inertia, is described in this paper. The author had earlier utilized the classical lamination theory (which does not include these two effects) with both three and six optimized modes. The forward problem of computing plate vibration frequencies from given elastic constants by the Rayleigh method is solved for three thickness ratios (.075, .1, .125) for an isotropic (aluminum) and an orthotropic (graphite/epoxy) material. The inverse method for extracting the elastic constants from experimental vibration data is then applied to two thick plates fabricated from these materials. The results suggest that the proposed method is potentially useful for rapid, inexpensive extraction of in-situ elastic constants of composite plates. (Author). \(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-6002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339475 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53526 NT53526\(10) Integrated System for Evaluating Defects in Composite Structures, \(20) Frankle, R.S. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87170-542-7, COMPOSITE STRUCTURES, INTEGRATED SYSTEMS, DEFECTS(MATERIALS), FAULT DETECTION, COMPUTER VISION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Composites X'; Proc. 10th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference, Dearborn, MI; 7-10 November 1994; 11-19; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Nondestructive test (NDT) techniques, such as radiography, ultrasonics, and eddy current, have traditionally been used to detect defects in materials, including composite materials. In composite structures, more than one NDT inspection is frequently required to detect all of the defects of interest. For example, radiography can be used to detect variations in density, ultrasound to detect delaminations, and eddy current to detect broken fibers. One of the advantages of digital NDT techniques, such as X-ray computed tomography (CT) and digital ultrasound, is that computers can be used to process the NDT data, which aids in understanding the state of the material and assessing the integrity of the structure. The quantity and complexity of digital NDT data, especially from more than one type of inspection, make it difficult to process the data in a practical, engineering environment. To address this problem, an Integrated Part Evaluation System (IPES), was developed. IPES is a software-based system for visualizing and analyzing data from different NDT techniques which provides capabilities to visualize NDT data, automatically detect defects, and predict the response of structures containing defects. Within IPES, these capabilities can be used separately or in combination. This paper describes the IPES capabilities and how they can be used to help evaluate structural reliability. (Author).\(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-6002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339474 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53476 NT53476\(10) Information from Ultrasonic Testing of Anticorrosive Cladding and the Effect of Cladding Defects on Metal Strength,\(20) Timofeev, B.T. Rozina, M.V. Jablonik, L.M. Ulin, V.P.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0308-0161, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, ULTRASONIC TESTING, CLADDING, METALS, CORROSION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'International Journal of Pressure Vessels & Piping'; 58,1; 1994; 35-40; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A new procedure for estimation of defects in cladding metal and on the fusion line with pearlitic steel, which is intended for application to reactor pressure vessels, is suggested. This procedure is based on the use of the techniques of ultrasonic inspection with longitudinal and shear waves, and on defect modelling not in the form of a disk, but in the form of a hollow stripe of definite width. One can thus increase the information from ultrasonic testing of anticorrosive cladding. In conclusion, the influence of defects of various shapes on the low cycle fatigue resistance of composite joints (base metal + anticorrosive cladding) is shown. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., P.O. Box 800, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1DX, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339428 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53475 NT53475\(10) Holographic NDE in Pressure Vessels and Piping,\(20) Penny, R.K. Gryzagoridis, J. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0308-0161, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, SOUTH AFRICA, HOLOGRAPHY, PRESSURE VESSELS, PIPING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'International Journal of Pressure Vessels & Piping'; 58,2; 1994; 223-230; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper describes some of the techniques of holographic and electronic speckle interferometry which have been used in the inspection of various pressure vessels and pipes. Some criteria which NDE tools of these types should try to satisfy are suggested and an experimental programme is reported in which these criteria were tested. One of the main criteria, quantification of flaws, is attempted through the simulation, by finite element methods, of the holographic process. The results of the simulation were compared with interferograms obtained in the laboratory; satisfactory correlation was obtained, both in the interferogram patterns and also in the fringe numbers obtained. Estimates were made of the minimum flaw size detectable through holographic interferometry and this is likely to be much smaller than critical sizes for most materials of construction. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., P.O. Box 800, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1DX, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339427 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53473 NT53473\(10) Large Area Composite Inspection System (LACIS) - Automation of Traditional Inspection Techniques, \(20) Wood, Nancy\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 16 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) COMPOSITES, AUTOMATION, C-SCAN, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, EDDY CURRENT TESTS, PULSE-ECHO TECHNIQUE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in '39th International SAMPE Symposium and Evaluation'; Vol. 39; Book 1 of 2; April 12-14, 1994; Anaheim, CA; 1375-1390. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The LACIS/MAUS III system is a portable C-scan inspection system that may be used to accomplish nondestructive evaluation of structures in manufacturing or field environments. Several traditional inspection modes are included in this system to allow the evaluation of a large range of structures. These inspection modes include pulse-echo depth, pulse-echo amplitude, ultrasonic resonance, and eddy current. Current inspections that are performed manually using these inspection modes can be easily translated into LACIS/MAUS III inspection applications. This paper will review the LACIS/MAUS III system capabilities, and present C-scan examples that illustrate the multi-modal inspection capabilities included in the system. (Author). \(24) Published by SAMPE, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722. \(9) na\(23) ADD339425 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53472 NT53472\(10) Assessing Matrix Degradation in Fibre Reinforced Composites, \(20) Heslehurst, R.B. Baird, J.P. Williamson, H.M. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 17 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, AUSTRALIA, HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFEROMETRY, DAMAGE ASSESSMENT, COMPOSITES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in '39th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition'; Vol. 39; Book 1 of 2; April 12-14, 1994; 1368-1374; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Localized matrix degradation in fibre reinforced plastics (composites) such as multiple matrix cracking or charring has a minimal effect on component structural strength, but can cause significant loss of the local stiffness. In many semi-structural applications of composites, such as aircraft environmental control system ducting, the extent and severity of localized burning is difficult to determine. However, recent advances in a portable holographic interferometric testing system provides a means by which such damage can not only be easily and quickly found, but the effect on structural stability (a stiffness related property) can be visually seen. (Author).\(24) Published by SAMPE, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722. \(9) na\(23) ADD339424 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53471 NT53471\(10) Estimation of Creep Damage in GFRP Laminates Under Corrosive Environments Using Acoustic Emission,\(20) Fujii, Y. Ramakrishna, S. Hamada, H. Maekawa, Z. Murakami, A. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, GRAPHITE FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC, LAMINATES, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CORROSION, CREEP.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in '39th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition'; Vol. 39; Book 1 of 2; April 12-14, 1994; 1356-1367; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) GFRP laminates were creep tested in two different environments; one was air and the other was 5% Nitric acid. Acoustic emision (AE) was dependent on the creep stress and the type environment used. In general AE count rate increased with increasing creep stress. Laminates tested in acid produced higher number of AE counts than the laminates tested in air. This attributed to the stress corrosion cracking of specimens tested in acid. AE count rate was dependent on the damage condition of the laminates. Laminates with higher pre-creep damage generated higher number of AE counts than the laminates with lower pre-creep damage. This was attributed to the higher fracture toughness of R806 material than the LP-1 material. The AE measurement technique is sensitive to the creep damage in GFRP laminates under stress corrosive environments. (Author).\(24) Published by SAMPE, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722. \(9) na\(23) ADD339423 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53470 NT53470\(10) Development of Real Time Low Cost High Performance Scanning Systems for Advanced Ultrasonic Imaging, \(20) Bennett, George Wing, Todd Sullivan, Rani Balasubramaniam, Krishnan \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ROBOTICS, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, ULTRASONICS, COMPOSITES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in '39th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition'; Vol. 39; Book 1 of 2; April 12-14, 1994; Anaheim, CA; 1344-1355; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) With the advent of high speed data acquisition systems, PC based computing systems, low cost robotic components, and digital signal processor boards, the development of advanced ultrasonic scanning systems have become possible at a modest cost. Two ultrasonic scanning systems have been developed using graduate and undergraduate students. The initial system is a 5-Axis unit which has 'on-the-fly' scanning capability to capture the complete time domain waveform. The second system is a 12 axis/dual transducer configuration, which has the capability to arbitrarily position the receiver and transmitter for oblique wave scattering experiments. This system has real time processing of the data via an Ariel dual processor DSP board for data compression and image generation. In this paper, the system development, design, and capabilities will be discussed. Also, unique ultrasonic images and applications which have been developed are discussed. (Author).\(24) Published by SAMPE, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722. \(9) na\(23) ADD339422 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53469 NT53469\(10) Damage and Repair Evaluation of Composite Structures, \(20) Hagemaier, D. Shah, N. Petty, J. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 14 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS, AIRCRAFT, COMPOSITE STRUCTURES, REPAIRS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in '39th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition'; Vol. 39; Book 1 of 2; April 12-14, 1994; Anaheim, CA; 1330-1343; 1 ref. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A number of costly composite structures are damaged during assembly or in-service. The damage is usually visually evident and must be repaired and inspected prior to service. If the damage is extensive, the part is removed from the aircraft and sent to the inspection area for damage assessment. After repairs are made, the part is returned to the commercial aircraft composite assemblies which have been damaged during service operations and subsequently repaired. The extent of damage was determined using nondestructive testing methods such as pulse-echo ultrasonic and mechanical impedance analysis (MIA). X-ray was used to detect entrapped water in the composite honeycomb spoiler and to verify its removal prior to repair. The Rohacell separation in the flap vanes was repaired by drilling holes through the skin and injecting epoxy followed by subsequent curing. Damage to the elevator skins was repaired by one of three methods: 1) autoclave precured patch secondarily bonded to the skin, 2) wet lay-up repair using clamps and heat lamps, 3) wet lay-up using vacuum pressure and heat lamps. Water was removed from the spoiler by drilling four small holes through the front spar followed by vacuum bagging and low temperature heating. (Author). \(24) Published by SAMPE, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722. \(9) na\(23) ADD339421 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53468 NT53468\(10) Composite Material Property Nondestructive Characterization Using Obliquely Insonified Ultrasonic Waves, \(20) Bar-Cohen, Yoseph Mal, Ajit K. Lih, Shyh-Shiuh\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 14 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) COMPOSITES, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, ULTRASONIC WAVES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in '39th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition'; Vol. 39; Book 1 of 2; April 12-14, 1994; 1316-1329; 15 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The analysis of reflected ultrasonic waves induced by oblique insonification of composite materials is a powerful tool for providing information about defects and material properties. A device was developed to manipulate a pair of transmitting and receiving transducers at various angles of wave incidence and propagation with the fiber orientation. The device was designed as a C-scan attachment to allow inspection at specific locations as well as to obtain global information about the laminates by scanning them. Ultrasonic reflections from composite laminates are acquired and analyzed by a personal computer at high speed, in a transient or spectral form. Graphite/epoxy laminates were tested and the experimental results accurately corroborated the analysis of the wave behavior for tone-burst and pulse results. The inversion algorithm allows the determination ofthe material elastic constants as well as evaluation of various defects characteristics. The data repeatability and accuracy are very high, making oblique insonification methods easy to standardize for practical applications. This paper reviews the theoretical and experimental progress and examples of application to NDE of composites. (Author).\(24) Published by SAMPE, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722. \(9) na\(23) ADD339420 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53467 NT53467\(10) Advanced in Nondestructive Testing Noncontact Ultrasonic Inspection of Composites,\(20) Grandia, Willem A.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) COMPOSITE STRUCTURES, NONCONTACTING, ULTRASONICS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in '39th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition'; Vol. 39; Book 1 of 2; April 12-14, 1994; Anaheim, CA; 1308-1315; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Conventional ultrasonic inspection on composite materials uses liquid as an acoustic coupling medium. A couplant, such as water, may penetrate into porous material, hereby contaminating the structure. The detectability of surface and near surface defects is also impaired if water is aborbed into the part. Usually, materials such as carbon/carbon, solar panels, foam sandwich structures, uncured pre-preg lay-ups, etc., are not allowed to be exposed to water. With the use of 'Airscan', whereby air is used as an acoustic coupling medium, contamination of materials can be eliminated. It is well known that air causes an extreme amount of sound attenuation at relatively high test frequencies, while strong reflections at the interfaces between the transducer, air, and test material result in weak through-transmitted signals. Recent advances in acoustic transducer matching-to-air technology in combination with toneburst excitation, as well as super-low-noise preamplification of the received signals have made the Airscan approach a viable noncontact inspection method. Furthermore, with the use of guided plate wave technique, a 'quick look' evaluation of defects, such as impact damage, can now be accomplished. (Author). \(24) Published by SAMPE, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722. \(9) na\(23) ADD339419 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53466 NT53466\(10) High Resolution Digital Radiography and 3D Computed Tomography of Composite Materials,\(20) Bueno, Cliff Barker, Marion D. Barry, Richard C. Betz, Robert A. Jaffey, Steve M. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 13 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY, COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY, COMPOSITES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in '39th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition'; Vol. 39; Book 1 of 2; April 12-14, 1994; Anaheim, CA; 766-778; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) New solid state x-ray imaging systems based on a high output phosphor screen coupled either by fiber optic components or a lens to a wide dynamic range, low noise, high resolution CCD camera provides high quality 2D and 3D digital radiographs and tomographs for the purpose of composite materials inspection. These systems provide a dynamic range of up to 10,000:1, a spatial resolution as high as 20 lp/mm and a contrast sensitivity (density discrimination) on the order of 0.1%. The images produced have very little distortion. These camera systems require at least 12-bits of digitization. The wide dyanamic range provides image latitude that is at least a factor of 6 greater in part thickness than 8-bit realtime radiographic systems and high contrast film radiographs. The low noise of the CCD camera systems and high output of the phosphors selected provide imagery of polymer matrix composites in seconds as opposed to many minutes with the use of films. A series of high quality 2D images obtained with this new technology have been reconstructed into high resolution 3D tomographic data. This data is used to detect features hidden by other structures, and to make density, thickness and positional measurements on the internal structures of composite materials. (Author).\(24) Published by SAMPE, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722. \(9) na\(23) ADD339418 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53465 NT53465\(10) Inspection of Aircraft Structures Using D SIGHT, \(20) Komoroski, Jerzy P. Gould, Ronald W. Karpala, Frank Hageniers, Omer L.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, AIRCRAFT, COMPOSITE STRUCTURES, IMPACT DAMAGE, DELAMINATION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in '39th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition'; Vol. 39; Book 1 of 2; April 12-14, 1994; Anaheim, CA; 754-765; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The need to inspect modern composite aircraft structures for impact damage, disbonds and delaminations is of ever increasing importance as composites find broader application in aircraft structural applications. These inspections, which have to be carried out in situ and in a rapid and economic manner, take on broader importance as their use increases. D SIGHT provides a simple and rapid optical technology to carry out such non-destructive inspections. Presented are the results of some research efforts to inspect composite structures and surfaces for impact damage, disbonds, and delaminations using the D SIGHT Aircraft Inspection System giving the theory of operation, detection sensitivity, and inspection results. It has been found that the detection of impact damage with D SIGHT is at least an order of magnitude superior to the visual tolerance criteria used for visual inspections, while additional research to optimize D SIGHT for delaminations and disbonds must be undertaken to improve sensitivity. (Author).\(24) Published by SAMPE, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722. \(9) na\(23) ADD339417 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53464 NT53464\(10) Applied Computed Tomography for Materials & Processes Development,\(20) Bossi, Richard H. Georgeson, Gary E.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 14 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY, MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in '39th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition'; Vol. 39; Book 1 of 2; April 12-14, 1994; Anaheim, CA; 740-753; 18 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The development and qualification of new materials and processes require characterization of the materials as a function of manufacturing and operational parameters. X-Ray computed tomography (CT) provides quantitative measurements of material characteristics in terms of the dimensions, density, and composition. The results of studies involving CT testing of various materials demonstrate the ability of CT to provide information needed in material process understanding. The cost benefit of using CT is in reduced risk and reduced cycle time for process development, resulting from easily interpreted nondestructive information on product condition at any or all intermediate stages in the process. By allowing internal evaluation of structures whose interiors are inaccessible by other nondestructive evaluation methods, CT increases design options and enables rapid evaluation of new design concepts. Organizations wishing to compete in advanced materials will find CT to be an essential tool. (Author).\(24) Published by SAMPE, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722. \(9) na\(23) ADD339416 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53463 NT53463\(10) Laser Ultrasonic Testing of Aerospace Materials, \(20) Drake, Thomas E., Jr.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 15 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) COMPOSITE MATERIALS, LASER ULTRASONICS, AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in '39th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition'; Vol. 39; Book 1 of 2; Moving Forward with 50 Years of Leadership in Advanced Materials; April 12-14, 1994; Anaheim, CA; 725-739; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A prototype Laser Ultrasonic Inspection System (LUIS) has been developed at Lockheed Fort Worth Company for the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of complex composite structures. This automated system is less sensitive to surface contours than conventional ultrasonic systems, and can test structures without prior surface descriptions of sophisticated fixturing devices. Defect detection sensitivity was verified for most manufacturing and in-service applications where the primary composite defects are inclusions, porosity, delaminations, and debonds. Full digital signal capture, real-time vector processing, and interactive 3D volume visualization are used by the LUIS prototye to provide the advanced data analysis capabilities. Development activities are continuing to further improve the speed and flexibility of the system. (Author).\(24) Published by SAMPE, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722. \(9) na\(23) ADD339415 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53435 NT53435\(10) Development of Non-Destructive Fatigue Life Assessment Technology for Power Boiler Pressure Parts,\(20) Nishimura, N. Masuyama, F. Nakatani, H. Fujita, M. Maehara, S.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, PRESSURE VESSELS, POWER GENERATION, BOILERS, LIFE ASSESSMENT.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Mitsubishi Juko Giho'; 31,1; 1994; 39-41; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) It has been extremely important to develop non-destructive fatigue life assessment methods for pressure parts of aged utility boiler, to avoid unexpected failure. Low cycle fatigue tests were conducted on uni-axial smooth bar specimens and specimens modeling actual power boiler components made of carbon steel and 2.25Cr-1Mo steel. The changes in X-ray diffraction spectrum, TEM structure, and surface crack length were estimated on the specimens for which fatigue tests were interrupted at various life fractions. Before detecting microcracks, degree of fatigue damage was confirmed to be estimated by means of classification of dislocation structure and standard deviation of half value width of diffracted X-ray spectrum. Surface crack length measured with replication or transcription of magnetic particles was sure to be applicable to estimate the degree of fatigue damage after detecting microcracks. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Japanese - order photocopy no. 9405-220459).\(9) na\(23) ADD339387 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53391 NT53391\(10) Acoustic Emission Study on Martensitic Transformation during Cooling in a Fe-NT-C Alloy, \(20) Zhu, Z.M. Long, Q.Y.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CHINA, FERROUS ALLOYS, NICKEL ALLOYS, MARTENSITE, PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS, ELASTIC WAVES, ACOUSTIC DETECTORS, COOLING, IRON ALLOYS, MICROSTRUCTURE, MORPHOLOGY.; \(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (PB95-249009). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The martensitic transformation (MT) in an austenitic steel is a dillusionless shear transformation involving the cooperative movement of a large number of atoms in a short time, which generates a lot of acoustic emission (AE) signals. Recently, the AE technique, which can directly trace the whole process of MT has been developed into a suitable tool to investigate the dynamics of MT. Therefore, it is possible to obtain precise knowledge about the process of MT. This paper focuses both on the kinetics of the martensitic reaction, which are accompanied by AE, and acquiring the new knowledge on the r maps to alpha transformation using the AE technique combined with metallographic examination. (Author).\(24) Performed by Academia Sinica, Institute of Metal Research, Shenyang, China.\(9) na\(23) ADD339343 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53390 NT53390\(10) Acoustic Emission Study on Martensitic Transformation in Fe-Ni-C Alloy During Cooling and During Tensile Testing, \(20) Zhu, Z.M. Long, Q.Y. Zhang, X. Li, D.F. Jiang, C.X.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CHINA, NICKEL ALLOYS, PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, MARTENSITE, TENSILE TESTS.;\(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (PB95-250627). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Acoustic emission behaviors of martensitic transformation in Fe-29%Ni-0.16%C alloy during cooling and during tensile testing have been studied. Under some conditions, it was found obviously that the whole AE process could be divided into two stages, in each stage an AE peak occurs. (Author). \(24) Performed by Academia Sinica, National Laboratory for Fatigue and Fracture of Materials; Shenyang, China. \(9) na\(23) ADD339342 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53360 NT53360\(10) Development of Nondestructive Evaluation of Temper Embrittlement in Steam Turbine Components, \(20) Kadoya, Y. Goto, T. Kushimoto, S. Takei, M. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0387-2432, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, NON-ENGLISH, STEAM TURBINES, EMBRITTLEMENT.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Mitsubishi Juko Giho'; 31,1; 1994; 42-44; 14 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) To develop a nondestructive evaluation method of embrittlement on steam turbine components, a study was conducted using lab-charged phosphorus-doped steels and steel samples from rotors and casing (2.25 Cr-Mo, 1.25 Cr-Mo) which had been in long-term use. There was a good correlation between the width W of the etched grain boundary and FATT. Multiple regression analysis was applied in order to express FATT using W and other variables which are known or nondestructively measurable. On the basis of this result, a nondestructive evaluation method of temper embrittlement for steam turbine components has been developed.\(24) Available from Photocopy Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Japanese). Order photocopy 9406-220498.\(9) na\(23) ADD339318 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53068 NT53068\(10) Ultrasonic Birefringence Measurement of Residual and Applied Stress in Aluminum, \(20) Linn, John R. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, ULTRASONICS, STRESSES, ALUMINUM, BIREFRINGENCE, MEASUREMENT.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 1994; 121-125; 1 ref. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Aspects of ultrasonic quantitative measurement of stress in aluminum have been investigated. The results of longitudinal wave time of flight and zero degree shear wave birefringence measurement of residual and applied stress in aluminum alloy are discussed. Ultrasonic techniques for estimating texture are also presented. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. \(9) na\(23) ADD339066 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53067 NT53067\(10) Ultrasonic Sizing of Flaws,\(20) Davis, J. Mark\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, ULTRASONICS, FLAW SIZING, WELDS, PIPING, CRACKS, NUCLEAR POWER.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 1994; 109-117; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Paper discusses four category methods of ultrasonic sizing of flaws. These are: inside diameter creeping (IDCR) wave method; tip diffraction methods; bi-modal methods; and high angle refracted longitudinal wave methods. Calibration and test methods for each category are discussed. (NTIAC).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051). \(9) na\(23) ADD339065 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53066 NT53066\(10) Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Ultrasonic Techniques for Efficient, Reliable Weld Inspection, \(20) Nottingham, Lawrence D. Queen, Harold E. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, TIME OF FLIGHT DIFFRACTION, WELDS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 1994; 104-108. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Paper discusses using time of flight diffraction (TOFD) for the inspection of welds. (NTIAC). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051). \(9) na\(23) ADD339064 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53065 NT53065\(10) Detection and Sizing Techniques of ID Connected Cracking, \(20) Minkwitz, Russ Burton, Mark \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-57117-001-4, CRACKS, FLAW DETECTION, FLAW SIZING, CHARACTERIZATION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 1994; 99-103. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper provides a brief summary of advanced detection and sizing techniques for the evaluation of flaws connected to the inner surface of test material. In general, these techniques have found application for the detection, characterization and sizing of intergranular or transgranular stress corrosion cracks and fatigue-type cracks whether inherent, processing or service induced. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051). \(9) na\(23) ADD339063 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53064 NT53064\(10) Requirements for Codes to Accommodate Advancements in NDE Technology, \(20) Lilley, John R.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, WELDS, QUALITY CONTROL, CODES, STANDARDS.,;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century Through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Advanced Topical Conference; 1994; 91-95; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Fabricated components for industry such as pressure vessels, offshore structures, pipelines and heavy pipework systems are manufactured within the framework of well established codes and standards. These were typically developed many years ago for the purpose of quality control of manually welded joints. The relevance of these codes and standards is diminishing in the light of advanced welding techniques, improved NDE technology and materials knowledge. It must be borne in mind that the NDE procedures specified in the early codes were devised for a specific type of welding, and as such they have performed their function admirably, but as welding technology advances, the methods used to inspect the finished welds must also be reviewed. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051). \(9) na\(23) ADD339062 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53063 NT53063\(10) On Stream Inspection Using Automated Ultrasonic Techniques at Elevated Temperatures, \(20) Sinclair, Cameron I. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, ULTRASONICS, AUTOMATION, HIGH TEMPERATURE, FLAW DETECTION, FLAW SIZING, TIME OF FLIGHT DIFFRACTION, PULSE ECHO TECHNIQUE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 1994; 86-90; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In this paper, the benefits and technical difficulties associated with the application of automated ultrasonic testing at elevated temperature will be discussed and an example of its successful application will be given. For the purposes of this paper, 'elevated' refers to temperatures of 300 C (600 F) or above. The precise ultrasonic test (UT) technique to be employed will ultimately depend on the requirements of the inspection. For flaw detection, the pulse-echo technique may be advantageous whilst for flaw sizing the time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) technique may be better suited. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051). \(9) na\(23) ADD339061 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53062 NT53062\(10) Progress in UT of Austenitic and Dissimilar Metal Welds Using Shear Horizontal Waves and Electromagnetic US (EMUS) Probes,\(20) Dube, N. Hubshen, G.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 14 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, ULTRASONIC TESTS, WELDS, AUSTENITE, SHEAR HORIZONTAL WAVES, ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICES, PROBES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 1994; 72-85; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) It is well known that ultrasonic testing (UT) of dissimilar metal and austenitic welds is difficult due to enhanced scattering, beam skewing, reflection and refraction of the ultrasonic waves at the base metal/weld metal interfaces. Among the different ultrasonic wave modes-longitudinal (L-) waves, shear waves with polarization in the plane of incidence (SV-waves) and shear waves with polarization perpendicular to the plane of incidence (SH-waves), L-waves with a high beam angle of 70 degrees (SEL 70 degrees) and SH-waves show most promising advantages for the inspection of austenitic and dissimilar metal welds. Wereas L-waves excited and detected by conventional piezoelectric probe technology and equipments have been used for some years, for the application of SH-waves appropriate EMUS-probes and instrumentation had to be developed. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051). \(9) na\(23) ADD339060 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53061 NT53061\(10) Ultrasonic Bodywall Measurement and Flaw Detection in Conjunction with Electromagnetic Inspection Systems,\(20) Rogers, Charles D. Glascock, David\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, TUBING, WALL THICKNESS, FLUX LEAKAGE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Avanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 1994; 65-70. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In the past, EMI (flux leakage) inspection equipment has been combined with Gamma Ray wall monitor devices for the inspection of oil country tubular goods. Inspection coverage is 100% for flaw detection but much less for wall thickness measurement. Additionally, or alternatively, full body ultrasonic wall measurement and flaw detection systems are used on critical service, thicker wall pipes. Ultrasonic systems are slow but have 100% coverage for both flaw detection and wall measurement. Typically, ultrasonics is more sensitive to flaws on the inside surface of the pipe, while flux leakage is more sensitive to imperfections on the outside surface. Today, EMI inspection equipment is being combined with ultrasonic wall thickness measuring devices that operate at production speeds. Under test is a combination EMI and Full Body Ultrasonic system which provides 100% wall coverage, flaw detection, and single source operation and reporting at mill production speeds. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051). \(9) na\(23) ADD339059 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53060 NT53060\(10) Critical Parameter Control - An Alternative to Destructive Evaluation of Ultrasonic Test Examination Specimens,\(20) Belev, George C. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, ULTRASONIC TESTS, STANDARDS, TEST SPECIMENS, ISO.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 1994; 60-64. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper describes the Critical Parameter Control (CPC) technique and its application to the manufacture of ultrasonic test examination specimens for ASME Section XI, Appendices VII-VIII and ISO 9712. The primary goal of the critical parameter control technique is to bring quality control into the process by incorporating process physics, control capability and process engineering such that the state of the process is known and a good specimen is made based upon that knowledge, without the need for repeated confirmatory destructive evaluation. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051). \(9) na\(23) ADD339058 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53059 NT53059\(10) Ultrasonic Inspection on Curved Surfaces, \(20) Mackin, Joseph L. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, TUBING, CURVED SURFACES, PIPE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 1994; 56-59; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Inspection of pipe used in the oil field for down hole drilling and production has long been inspected using flux leakage, ultrasonics and magnetic particle inspection. The external flaws are typically evaluated by grinding and ultrasonic digital wall thickness devices. Internal flaws are evaluated using shear wave ultrasonics. Traditionally the amplitude method has been used to evaluate imperfection. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051). \(9) na\(23) ADD339057 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53058 NT53058\(10) Automated Boiler Waterwall Tube Inspection for Hydrogen Damage,\(20) Hansen, Shannon J. Nugent, Michael J.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, TUBING, HYDROGEN, BOILERS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 1994; 48-52. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Hydrogen damage of waterwall boiler tubing has been identified as a significant contributor to unit reliability. Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. has developed detailed boiler and condenser condition assessment programs to improve reliability and decrease maintenance expenses of their base-load units. As a result, Visual Inspection Technologies, Inc. has developed a semi-automated robotic inspection device to locate areas of hydrogen damage in addition to a PC-based data acquisition and analysis system. The inspection system was commercially deployed at Consolidated Edison's, Ravenswood Unit 20 boiler during a planned maintenance outage. Over 20 million ultrasonic thickness readings were acquired and approximately 50 areas of hydrogen damage were identified, removed and confirmed by laboratory examination. Details of the system's components and philosophy will be discussed. \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051). \(9) na\(23) ADD339056 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53057 NT53057\(10) Manual Ultrasonic Inspection and the Computer,\(20) Botten, Stanley F.\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, COMPUTERS, FLAW DETECTION, WELDS, CASTINGS, PETROCHEMICALS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century Through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 1994; 43-47; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The ultrasonic inspection (UT) of welding and castings in the petrochemical industry has been commonplace since mid-1970. One of the most common complaints has been that the results and interpretation of the results have been in the hands of the operator, and the ability for third-party evaluation was difficult, if not impossible. The age of the portable computerized ultrasonic flaw detectors has come a long way to solving these problems. This paper discusses the different types of computerized ultrasonic flaw detectors and compares the reporting and data capture possibilities and the present reluctance on the part of the current operator or service companies. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051). \(9) na\(23) ADD339055 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53056 NT53056\(10) Applications of Field Portable Computers to NDE and Life Assessment Programs for Power Plant Systems, \(20) Reinhart, Eugene R. Leon-Salamanca, Teodoro\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS, EDDY CURRENT PROBES, COMPUTERS, POWER PLANTS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century Through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 1994; 35-42; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The new generation of compact, powerful portable computers have been incorporated into a number of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) systems used to inspect critical areas of high energy piping systems and steam turbine and generator units of power plants. Due to the complex geometry of circumferential and seamed welds in piping systems, turbine rotors, generator rotors, retaining rings, and shrunk-on turbine discs, the computers are needed to rapidly calculate the optimum position of an ultrasonic transducer or eddy current probe in order to detect defects at several critical areas. Examples where computers have been used to overcome problems in nondestructive testing include: recording and analysis of indications in piping welds; analysis of large numbers of closely spaced near-bore ultrasonic ultrasonic reflectors to determine their potential for link-up in turbine and generator rotor bores; distinguishing ultrasonic crack signals from other reflectors, and detection and recording of eddy current and ultrasonic signals from defects that could be missed by data acquisition systems with inadequate response. The computers are also used to control scanners to insure total inspection coverage. To facilitate the use of data from detected discontinuities in conjunction with stress and fracture mechanics analysis programs, the computers provide presentations of flaws in color and in three dimensions. The field computers have been instrumental in allowing the owner/operator to rapidly make run/repair/replace decisions. Examples of recent experiences using field portable computers in NDE systems will be presented along with anticipated future developments. \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051). \(9) na\(23) ADD339054 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53055 NT53055\(10) Inspection of Repairs of 777 Composite Primary Structure, \(20) Kollgaard, Jeffrey R. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, ULTRASONICS, AGING AIRCRAFT, AIRCRAFT, AIRFRAMES, GRAPHITE, LAMINATES, DISBONDS, POROSITY, INCLUSIONS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century Through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 1994; 26-31. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The 777 airplane uses toughned graphite laminates in the empennage skin and spares. These members are considered primary structure, meaning that failure could lead to loss of the airplane. Production inspection of these parts must detect small disbonds, as well as inclusions and porosity undetectable with conventional through-transmission ultrasonics. Technology for achieving this level of sensitivity exists for manufacturing applications. Comparable inspection capability in repaired primary structure, for field applications, does not exist. This paper describes a program intended to establish the size and nature of flaws detectable in repaired structures and the portable inspection equipment that will provide the highest sensitivity. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051). \(9) na\(23) ADD339053 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53054 NT53054\(10) Determination of Nodularity of Graphite in Ductile Iron by Ultrasonic Method, \(20) Srinivasan, Malur N. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, ULTRASONICS, GRAPHITE, IRON, DUCTILITY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 1994; 21-25; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The nodularity of ductile iron obtained from two different sources was determined using the critical refracted ultrasonic longitudinal wave (L sub CR) technique. Using these results it is possible to determine, in-situ, the nodularity of graphite in actual castings of similar matrix and residual stress conditions. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051). \(9) na\(23) ADD339052 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53052 NT53052\(10) Applications of Ultrasound in Evaluating Wood and Wood Composites,\(20) Bray, Don E. Bender, Donald A. \(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, ULTRASOUND, WOOD, COMPOSITES, INSPECTION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century through Ultrasonic Techniques'; Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 11-15; 1994; 14 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) There is a trend in the forest products manufacturing industry towards more reconstituted wood products as a means of adding value while better utilizing timber resources. The process of reconstituting wood into composites allows smaller, inferior trees to be transformed into high-value products with excellent structural properties. However, maintaining quality of wood composites is difficult due to fluctuations in wood, adhesive and process variables. There also is a need to improve lumber grading accuracy, thereby reducing strength and stiffness variabilities within structural grade categories. Ultrasonic techniques offer many advantages for improving the inspection of structural wood products, such as superior resolution and repeatability. Preliminary research at Texas A&M has shown that ultrasound technology can be used to predict wood strength and adhesive bond quality in wood composites. These applications are briefly described, along with future research needs. (Author). \(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051).\(9) na\(23) ADD339050 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53051 NT53051\(10) Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century Through Ultrasonic Technology. \(20) na\(11) 01 Jan 1994\(15) 131 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, ULTRASONICS, SAFETY, QUALITY ASSURANCE, ELASTIC WAVES, WAVE PROPAGATION, LASER ULTRASONICS, ACOUSTICS, TOMOGRAPHY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Ultrasonic techniques play a prominent role in nondestructive testing because they afford very useful and versatile nondestructive methods for evaluating the microstructures, associated mechanical properties, as well as micro- and macroscopic flaws in solid materials. This offers definite advantages over other techniques which rely on surface measurements alone, since it is well known that many properties exhibited by the surface layer of a solid are not identical with the behavior of the bulk material. A brief overview is presented of some recent advances in ultrasonic techniques for nondestructive evaluation of materials and structures. Among the topics covered are modes of elastic wave propagation in solid materials, energy flux vector, and nonlinear effects. Included in the discussion of ultrasonic measurements are laser ultrasonics, full-field imaging of acoustic displacements, optical detection of acoustic emission, thermal-wave and electron-acoustic waves, air-coupled ultrasound, and ultrasonic tomographic imaging. Examples will be given of the practical application of these techniques. (Author).\(24) Paper summaries of 1994 ASNT Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Professional Program, August 22-25, 1994, Houston, TX. (For individual papers see NT-53051 - NT-53068).\(9) na\(23) ADD339049 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53509 NT53509\(10) Development of Non-Destructive Testing Technology for the Crack-Like Defects of Steam Generator Tubes.\(20) na\(11) 01 Dec 1993\(15) 68 Page(s)\(22) N--(U), FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, KOREA, NUCLEAR POWER, POWER PLANTS, STEAM GENERATORS, TUBING, CRACKS, ULTRASONICS.;\(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (DE95-65-2782). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Steam generator operation without the tube leakage is one of the important factors for securing the operational safety and improving operability of the nuclear power plants. Recently, however, several plants, i.e. North Anna 1, Indian Point 3, and Mihama 2, have experienced severe incidents due to the cracks or ruptures of the steam generator tubes. Unlike the volumetric defects, the crack-like defects are difficult to detect or characterize with conventional eddy current technique (bobbin coil method). Because of such limitations of the bobbin coil method, it is needed to develop new technique for detection of the crack-like defects, especially for the plants experiencing major degradation of steam generator tubes like the Kori 1, Kori 2, Ulchin 1, and Ulchin 2. Continuing from the last year's research effort (Development of eddy current technology of crack-like defects using MRPC (Motorized Rotating Pancake Coil) method), it has been attempted to apply the ultrasonic technique for detection of the crack-like defects in the steam generator tubes this year. (Author).\(24) Performed by Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea. \(9) na\(23) ADD339457 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53350 NT53350\(10) X-Ray Fluorescence Method of Measurement of Working Stresses in Trunk Pipelines, \(20) Bochenin, V.I.\(11) 01 Dec 1993\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0321-4265, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, PIPELINES, X RAY FLUORESCENCE, NON-ENGLISH.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Zavodskaya Laboratoriya'; 59,12; December 1993; 33-35; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Method of stress analysis of trunk pipelines which allows to measure deformation of special recesses on pipeline surface is developed. These recesses are filled by the liquid containing molybdenum powder. Measured intensity of X-ray fluorescence of Mo is proportional to the recess volume and tension degree. Method was applied to a study of 08G25 and 45 steel pipelines.\(24) Available from Photocopy Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian). Order photocopy 9406-220567.\(9) na\(23) ADD339308 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53525 NT53525\(10) System for Ultrasonic Weld Quality Inspection in Tubular Tendons of Marine Oil Platforms, \(20) Bruk, M.V. Khain, N.V. Kreg, S.M.\(11) 01 Oct 1993\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, WELDS, ULTRASONIC TESTING, MARINE APPLICATIONS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE, PLATFORMS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 10; October 1993; 18-23; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The basic aspects of ultrasonic weld quality inspection in tubular tendons of marine oil platforms are considered. The design of ultrasonic transducers providing the detection of defects and the measurement of their size is described, and the information acquisition and processing system is characterized. The systems responsible for transportation of the measuring unit within the tendon, for energy supply of this unit's components, and other auxilliary devices are considered. The system has been developed on a contract with Conoco, Inc., originally for use on the Jolliet platform in the Mexican Gulf. (Editor).\(24) Available from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 199501-22-0057).\(9) na\(23) ADD339473 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53516 NT53516\(10) Non-Destructive Testing of Fibre-Reinforced Plastics, \(20) Juptner, Werner\(11) 01 Oct 1993\(15) 18 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, OPTICAL TESTING, HOLOGRAPHY, VISUAL INSPECTION, FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC, GRAPHITE FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Measurement'; 12,1; October 1993; 95-112; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) New materials require to redefine the non-destructive testing of the material and related components. For the case of glass-fibre-reinforced plastic (GRP) tubes and for a carbon-fibre-reinforced aircraft component, visual inspection and optical testing were investigated. The task was to determine the ability of each method to detect defects and to compare the results with a destructive test of the components in the case of the GRP tubes. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands. \(9) na\(23) ADD339464 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53434 NT53434\(10) Study of Acoustic Emission in Turning with Tools of Polycrystalline Superhard Materials, \(20) Novikov, N.V. Lysenko, O.G. Devin, L.N.\(11) 01 Oct 1993\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UKRAINE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, MACHINE TESTS, STEEL, CUTTING TOOLS, POLYCRYSTALS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Sverkhtverdye Materialy'; 5; September-October 1993; 25-30; 18 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Power capacity calculation has been conducted for different sources of acoustic emission in turning of 35KhGSA steel with tools. The pulses have been separated, which are directly connected with a cutting edge destruction. It has been established, that a sequence of peak pulses in a cutting zone corresponds to the wear out process of a cutting tool of polycrystalline superhard materials. The wear out after a tool running in occur due to grain removal, and its wear resistance is specified by a degree of grain retaining by binding. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9405-220473). \(9) na\(23) ADD339386 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53433 NT53433\(10) Non-Destructive Testing of Mechanical Properties of 18YuA Steel Strip,\(20) Dolgova, L.I. Baturina, S.K. Yatsenko, N.I.\(11) 01 Oct 1993\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, STEEL.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Stal'; 10; October 1993; 51-53; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A correlation-regression analysis has been done of the relation between characteristics of a 18YuA steel strip and microampermeter readings. 100% nondestructive testing of a moving strip based on these correlation is shown to be feasible. A drawing tape records a comprehensive information on the strip quality. Its proper interpretation and feedback call for the integration with a computer which has yet to be done. With the control promotion, metal meeting rigid ultimate strength standards will be supplied. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9404-220371). \(9) na\(23) ADD339385 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53353 NT53353\(10) Investigation of Control Possibility of Multilayer Constructions by AD-42I Impedance Defectoscope,\(20) Lange, Y.V. Voropaev, S.I. Ermolaev, A.P. Muzhitskii, V.F. \(11) 01 Oct 1993\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0321-4265, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, LAYERED MEDIA, ALUMINUM, DEFECTOSCOPE, IMPEDANCE, NON-ENGLISH.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Zavodskaya Laboratoriya'; 59,10; October 1993; 19-21; 8 refs. \(21) Application impedance measurements for nondestructive testing of aluminum multilayer samples with natural and artificial defects was investigated. It was shown that AD-42I modernized impulse impedance defectoscope with different transformers can be used for testing of multilayer samples having 5-40 mm defects. \(24) Available from Photocopy Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian). Order photocopy 9406-220561.\(9) na\(23) ADD339311 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53352 NT53352\(10) Application of VS-30N Eddy Current Structuroscope for the Determination of Mechanical Characteristics of Aluminum Alloys, \(20) Volkov, V.G. Bakunov, A.S. Muzhitskii, V.F. \(11) 01 Oct 1993\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0321-4265, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, EDDY CURRENTS, CHARACTERIZATION, ALUMINUM, ALLOYS, NON-ENGLISH.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Zavodskuya Laboratoriya'; 59,10; October 1993; 21-22; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) VS-30N eddy current structuroscope for nondestructive testing of fatigue limits of aluminum base alloys was developed. Simple device allows to produce quick and accurate measurements of different mechanical characteristics as well as electric conductivity measurements. (Author).\(24) Available from Photocopy Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian). Order photocopy 9406-220563.\(9) na\(23) ADD339310 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53351 NT53351\(10) Apparatus for Electric Resistance Measurements of Thin Samples at -96 - 600 C Temperature Interval,\(20) Babanly, M.B. Lobodyuk, V.A.\(11) 01 Oct 1993\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0321-4265, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, MEASUREMENT, METALS, RESISTANCE(ELECTRICAL), NON-ENGLISH.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Zavodskaya Laboratoriya'; 59,10; October 1993; 23-24; 3 ref. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Apparatus for the continuous measuring of electric resistance of thin metallic tapes (thickness 3-5 mkm) by four points method was developed. Simple device allowed to accelerate the measuring process. Apparatus was used for nondestructive testing of Ti-Ni-Cu intermetallic tapes. (Author). \(24) Available from Photocopy Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian). Order photocopy 9406-220565.\(9) na\(23) ADD339309 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53348 NT53348\(10) Quality Control of Anisotropic Electrical Steel During the Production Process,\(20) Korzunin, G.S. Tsyrlina, S.I. Chistyakov, V.K. Eigorn, I.Y. \(11) 01 Oct 1993\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0321-4265, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, STEEL, ANISOTROPY, QUALITY CONTROL, PRODUCTION CONTROL, NON-ENGLISH.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Zavodskaya Laboratoriya'; 59,10; October 1993; 15-19; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Simple magnetic texturometer for apparatuses of insulating coating was developed. It allows to produce the nondestructive magnetic testing of homogeneity of crystallographic texture and microstructure of moving steel strips. Method was used for testing of strips of 3404, 3405, 3406, 3407, and 3412 anisotropic electrical steels. (Editor). \(24) Available from Photocopy Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian). Order photocopy 9406-220574.\(9) na\(23) ADD339306 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53624 NT53624\(10) Nondestructive Detection of Fatigue Cracks in PM 304 Stainless Steel by Internal Friction and Elasticity, \(20) McGuire, S.M. Fine, M.E. Buck, O. Achenbach, J.D.\(11) 01 Sep 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0884-2914, FATIGUE CRACKS, STAINLESS STEEL, INTERNAL FRICTION, ELASTICITY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Materials Research'; 8,9; September 1993; 2216-2223; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A resonant frequency mechanical vibration method was used to nondestructively detect fatigue crack initiation in notched 304 stainless steel samples prepared by powder metallurgy. This method allowed the determination of an effective elastic modulus and the direct measurement of internal friction. Changes in the modulus and internal friction were found to correlate well with the presence of 50 micron long fatigue cracks. The length of the through cracks initiated at the notch was measured using surface replicas, which were examined in a scanning electron microscope. Small crack growth rate data were also obtained and plotted versus the stress intensity factor. The crack growth rates were compared with long crack data performed on compact tension samples of this material. The short cracks grew at intensity factors below the long crack threshold stress intensity factor. (Author). \(24) Published by Materials Research Society, 9800 McKnight Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15237.\(9) na\(23) ADD339559 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53521 NT53521\(10) Non-Destructive Evaluation for In-Service Material Degradation of CrMo Steel by X-Ray Fractography,\(20) Higashi, K. Nokata, F. Matsui, K. Hirose, Y.\(11) 01 Aug 1993\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, STEEL, ALLOYS, EMBRITTLEMENT, HIGH TEMPERATURE, X RAY FRACTOGRAPHY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Hihaki Kensa (J. NDI)'; 42,8; August 1993; 464-469; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Generally, temper embrittlement has been a serious problem with high temperature structure component, such as boiler tubing and turbine rotor. Because experiments have shown that certain Cr-Mo base alloys are susceptible to embrittlement during long term service operation. It is important to detect the material degradation by means of nondestructive material characterization tests. The method of x-ray fractography is developed to detect temper embrittlement caused by impurity segregational grain boundaries. And to obtain basic data of Cr-Mo base alloys, dynamic fracture toughness test is conducted. X-ray fractographic technique was applied to the fracture surface made by the fracture toughness test. The plastic zone was determined from the distribution of the half-value breadth near the fracture surface. These data were used to estimate the dynamic fracture toughness K sub d. Although further investigation is required to be a detection technique with higher accuracy, these results show that the method of x-ray fractography will be a strong tool to nondestructive evaluation for in-service material degradation. (Author).\(24) Available from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Japanese - order photocopy no. 199502-22-0260).\(9) na\(23) ADD339469 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53518 NT53518\(10) Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Method to Determine Modulus of Elasticity of Turbine Blades,\(20) Golfman, Yosif\(11) 01 Aug 1993\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) TURBINE BLADES, ULTRASONIC WAVES, MODULUS OF ELASTICITY, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, CERAMICS, ALLOYS, METALS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'SAMPE Journal'; 29,4; July-August 1993; 31-35; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The ability of ultrasonic waves to travel in a web direction over a minimum time for composites was advanced by the author in 1966. This effect can be used for different applications in composites, ceramics, and metal alloys. Non-destructive evaluation of the material properties of a structure makes this method very useful. Research has been conducted to determine the modulus of elasticity of high speed turbine blades. In this paper, a general non-destructive test method for determining the modulus of elasticity in different directions is discussed. (Author/Modified).\(24) Published by SAMPE, Covina, CA 91724. \(9) na\(23) ADD339466 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53354 NT53354\(10) Development of X-Ray Method of Identification of Fractures with Decomposed Surfaces, \(20) Klevtsov, G.V. Perlovich, Y.A. Fesenko, V.A. \(11) 01 Aug 1993\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0321-4265, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, X RAY DIFFRACTION, DECOMPOSITION, STEEL, NON-ENGLISH.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Zavodskaya Laboratoriya'; 59,8; August 1993; 34-37; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Nondestructive method of lit-par-lit textural analysis of fractures with decomposed surfaces using X-ray diffraction data was developed. Method allows to determine thickness of decomposed layer, to identify tough or brittle fracture. Method was used for the analysis of deformated layer or samples of 20 steel with natural and decomposed surfaces. \(24) Available from Photocopy Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian). Order photocopy 9406-220550.\(9) na\(23) ADD339312 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53349 NT53349\(10) Determination of Performance of Metallurgical and Engineering Products by the Very Small Sample Technique,\(20) Purmensky, J. Kupka, V. \(11) 01 Aug 1993\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0018-8069, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CZECH REPUBLIC, SAMPLING, NON-ENGLISH.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Hutn. Listy'; 48,7-8; July-August 1993; 65-69; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Nondestructive reference sampling using the small samples by the SSAM method which enables to take a material into the depth of 0.5-6 mm without affecting a tested part or notch effect is studied. The principle of sampling is introduced. The equipment of the computer controlled SSAM method enables to carry out sampling on both external and internal surfaces of tested parts provided that the internal diameter is greater than approximately 60 mm. Methods of small samples testing by mean s of punch techniques (bulge test and shear punch test) are analyzed. Examples of these test method applied on low-alloyed CSN Czechoslavak standard 15 128 steel are graphically introduced. \(24) Available from Photocopy Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Czech). Order photocopy 9406-220573. \(9) na\(23) ADD339307 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53343 NT53343\(10) Characterization Study of Thermally-Shocked Discontinuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Glass-Matrix Composites Using AE and SAM,\(20) Ogi, K. Takeda, N. Chen, O. Prewo, K.M.\(11) 01 Aug 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0196-6219, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, COMPOSITES, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, SCANNING ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPE, THERMAL SHOCK, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings'; 14,7-8; Jul/Aug. 1993; 429-436; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Fracture mechanisms of discontinuous carbon fiber reinforced glass-matrix composites were experimentally studied for specimens with and without thermal-shock induced damage. Matrix cracking due to thermal shock was observed using both optical and scanning acoustic microscopes (SAM). Tensile stress-strain behavior and acoustic emission (AE) properties during tensile tests were measured for specimens with and without thermal shock. Matrix cracking during tensile tests was microscopically observed using both replica and in-situ SAM technique to reveal the damage progess. Difference in fracture process between virgin and thermally-shocked specimens was identified, based on AE measurement, replica technique and in-situ SAM observation. (Author).\(24) Published by American Ceramic Society, 735 Ceramic Pl., Westerville, OH 43081.\(9) na\(23) ADD339301 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53342 NT53342\(10) Novel Sapphire Fiber-Optic Sensor for Testing Advanced Ceramics, \(20) El-Sherif, M.A. Kamel, I.L. Ko, F.K. Shaker, M.\(11) 01 Aug 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0196-6219, FIBER OPTICS, SENSORS, CERAMIC MATERIALS, SAPPHIRE.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings'; 14,7-8; July/August 1993; 437-444; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The development of an optical sapphire waveguide for high temperature application is presented. An optical grade sapphire fiber was used as the core of the waveguide. This fiber was coated with a layer of polycrystalline alumina to construct the cladding layer of the waveguide. This optical waveguide can be coated with a protective layer such as silicon carbide and used as an intrinsic sensor for on-line testing of ceramic materials. Preliminary investigations with this approach appear to be very promising in terms of confining optical signals within the fiber core. (Author). \(24) Published by American Ceramic Society, 735 Ceramic Place, Westerville, OH 43081. \(9) na\(23) ADD339285 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53481 NT53481\(10) Use of Piezoelectric Films in Detecting and Monitoring Damage in Composites, \(20) Galea, S.C. Chiu, W.K. Paul, J.J.\(11) 01 Jul 1993\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1045-389X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, AUSTRALIA, PIEZOELECTRIC FILMS, COMPOSITES, CONDITION MONITORING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures'; 4,3; July 1993; 330-336; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The increasing emphasis over the past few years on intelligent material systems and structures has resulted in a significant research effort in the areas of embedded and bonded sensors and actuators. Of the many sensing materials available, piezoelectric sensors offer a number of advantages. The sensor output, proportional to changes in surface displacement over a large area, can be used to interpret variations in structural and material properties, e.g., the compliance of the material. This type of sensor has been used as an ultrasonic transducer. It offers the advantage of having a low structural impedance, thus giving an accurate measurement of the change in area, and consequently can only be used as an actuator on flexible structural systems. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the use of piezoelectric film sensors as a structural integrity monitoring device for composite materials. Tests to date have been aimed at detecting and monitoring impact damage in composite materials, as well as detecting damage in composite-to-metal mechanically fastened joints. (Author). \(24) Published by Technomic Publishing Co., Box 3535, Lancaster, PA 17604. \(9) na\(23) ADD339434 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53357 NT53357\(10) Magnetic Methods and Equipment for Nondestructive Testing of Structure, Phase Composition, and Strength Characteristics of Steels and Alloys, \(20) Gorkunov, E.S. Tartachnaya, M.V. \(11) 01 Jul 1993\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0321-4265, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, NON-ENGLISH, MAGNETIC, STEEL, ALLOYS, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Zavodskaya Laboratoriya'; 59,7; July 1993; 22-25; 17 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Coercive force was found to be very sensitive to changes of structure and phase composition of ferromagnetics. Its measurement can be used for nondestructive control of microstructure and mechanical properties of different tool steels. Such method was successfully applied for investigation of annealing, quenching, and other heat treatments of steels.\(24) Available from Photocopy Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian). Order photocopy 9406-220544.\(9) na\(23) ADD339315 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53356 NT53356\(10) Ultrasonic Testing of Physico-Chemical Properties of Cast Iron Castings, \(20) Voronkova, L.V.\(11) 01 Jul 1993\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0321-4265, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, ULTRASONIC TESTING, CASTINGS, CAST IRON, CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, NON-ENGLISH.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Zavodskaya Laboratoriya'; 59,7; July 1993; 26-28; 33 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Ultrasonic testing can be used for nondestructive control of hardness, tensile strength, Young's modulus, and other mechanical properties as well as microstructure of castings. This method was successfully applied for quick testing of ChShG and ChPG cast iron products. Relative accuracy of testing was approximately 10%. \(24) Available from Photocopy Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian). Order photocopy 9406-220546.\(9) na\(23) ADD339314 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53355 NT53355\(10) X-Ray Determination of Thickness of Metallic Coatings on the Surface of Other Metal, \(20) Liopo, V.A. Voina, V.V. Boguslavskii, A.A. Vershenko, L.D.\(11) 01 Jul 1993\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0321-4265, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, X RAYS, COATINGS, THICKNESS, X RAY DIFFRACTION, METALS, NON-ENGLISH.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Zavodskaya Laboratoriya'; 59,7; July 1993; 28-30; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Nondestructive method of determination of thickness of chromium coatings on copper electrothermoplasticizers was developed. Method is based on the measurement of ratio of X-ray diffraction lines intensities. Proposed method can be used for coating homogeneity control and approximate estimation of coating thickness. (Author). \(24) Available from Photocopy Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian). Order photocopy 9406-220548.\(9) na\(23) ADD339313 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53366 NT53366\(10) Separation of Conductivity and Distance Measurements for Eddy Current Nondestructive Inspection of Graphite Composite Materials, \(20) Dufour, Isabelle Placko, Dominique \(11) 01 Jun 1993\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 1155-4320, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, EDDY CURRENTS, SENSORS, GRAPHITE FIBER COMPOSITES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal de Physique III'; 3,6; June 1993; 1065-1074; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This article deals with the study of a process based on the principle of eddy current sensors for the nondestructive evaluation of graphite composite plates. This research has been carried out in the Laboratoire d'Electricite Signaux et Robotique by the team working on data-collecting sensors for robotics in collaboration with Aerospatiale. Eddy current sensors are characterized by their impedance, which varies when a conducting material is approached in their sensitive area. For a given sensor, the output signal depends directly on the electrical and geometrical properties of the object. In the case discussed here, the interesting data are the distance between the sensor and the object, and its local conductivity. In order to invert the relationships between the sensor signal and the properties of the material, an external parametrical model has been developed. A scanning of the surface with a sensor designed for good spatial resolution measurements gives two accurate maps of the useful data. (Author).\(24) Published by Editions de Physique, 7 Avenue du Hoggar, Z.I. de Courtabeuf, B.P. 112, 91944 Les Ulis Cedex A, France. \(9) na\(23) ADD339324 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53339 NT53339\(10) Nondestructive Evaluation of Model Adhesive Joints by PVDF Piezoelectric Film Sensors,\(20) Tang, B. Mommaerts, J. Duncan, R.K. Duke, J.C., Jr. Dillard, D.A. \(11) 01 Jun 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0014-4851, PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS, ADHESIVE JOINTS, COMPOSITE LAMINATES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Experimental Mechanics'; 32,2; June 1993; 102-109; 20 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Metallized poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films can be etched into nondestructive evaluation (NDE) sensor devices. Since these sensors are relatively inexpensive, thin and lightweight, they can be attached permanently to adhesively bonded joints, laminated composites, and other structures to measure structural integrity. The present study has addressed techniques to design, attach, and utilize such sensors for adhesive joint and laminated composite applications. PVDF sensors have been successfully used as NDE transducers in pulse-echo, through-transmission, and acousto-ultrasonic techniques to monitor curing, and to detect porosity and crack propagation in different model joint geometries. Feasibility of several applications has been demonstrated, although several problems remain. The potential of using these techniques for practical bonded structures is also suggested. (Author). \(24) Published by Society for Experimental Mechanics, 7 School Street, Bethel, CT 06801.\(9) na\(23) ADD339298 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53582 NT53582\(10) Ultrasonic Detection of CFRP Thick Phase and Stiffened Panels with Impact Damage, Part II,\(20) Matsushima, M. Hayashi, Y. Ishikawa, T. \(11) 01 May 1993\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC, PANELS(STRUCTURAL), IMPACT DAMAGE, ULTRASONIC DETECTORS, AIRCRAFT.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Hihakai Kensa'; 42,5; May 1993; 221-224. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The use of pulse echo reflection method on an ultrasonic detection device for aircraft wing, and similar complex shapes which was developed by Japan Kraut Kramer is discussed. The required software was then improved and the device was finally completed as a unique wing defect detection apparatus in the world. The probe is held in a small holder, filled with water being slowly replenished, acting as the ultrasonic media while the set is gradually moved along the work piece surface. Airplane structures are simulated by riveting external sheets over the structure skeleton, using reinforced with CF, PEEK, and epoxy resins reinforced laminated sheets for the purpose. After an impact test, specimens were inspected. The impact energy for CF/PEEK was 4 KJ/m, and for CF/epoxy it was 2, 3, and 4 KJ/m. Photos and plotted graphs of impact energy/thicknesses vs. delamination area are shown. \(24) Available from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Japanese - order photocopy no. 199504-B2-D-0243). \(9) na\(23) ADD339520 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53608 NT53608\(10) Ultrasonic Detection from Picosecond Surface Vibrations: Applications to Interfacial Layer Detection,\(20) Wright, Oliver B. Kawashima, Katsuhiro \(11) 01 May 1993\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0021-4922, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ADHESION, BONDING, LASER ACOUSTICS, OPTICAL MEASUREMENT, THIN FILMS, ACOUSTICS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Japanese Journal of Applied Physics'; 32; Pt. 1; 5B; May 1993; 2452-2454; 14 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A new optical technique is used to detect picosecond ultrasonic pulses in thin opaque films by direct time-resolved detection of ultrafast vibrations of the film surface. For thin films of tungsten we show how the strain pulse shape in the film can be measured without significant distortion at frequencies around 100 GHz. The potential for characterization of thin film bonding and adhesion is demonstrated by the detection of an ultrathin interfacial amorphous silicon layer, of nanometre order in thickness, which is sandwiched between two different materials. (Author).\(24) Published by Intercontinental Marketing Corp., IPO Box 5056, Tokyo 100-30, Japan. \(9) na\(23) ADD339543 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53542 NT53542\(10) Assessment of Damage in Ceramics and Ceramic Matrix Composites Using Ultrasonic Techniques.\(20) Chu, Y.C. Baaklini, G.Y. Rokhlin, S.I. \(11) 01 May 1993\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) CERAMICS, CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES, ULTRASONICS, DAMAGE ASSESSMENT, THERMAL SHOCK.;\(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (N94-11237). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper addresses the application of ultrasonic sensing to damage assessment in ceramics and ceramic matrix composites. It focuses on damage caused by thermal shock or oxidation at elevated temperatures, which often results in elastic anisotropy. This damaged-induced anisotropy is determined by measuring the velocities of ultrasonic waves in different propagation directions. Thermal shock damage is assessed in ceramic samples of reaction bonded silicon nitride (RBSN). Thermal shock treatment from different temperatures up to 1000 C is applied to produce the microcracks. Results indicate that most microcracks produced by thermal shock are located near sample surfaces. Ultrasonic measurements using the surface wave method are found to correlate well with measurements of degradation of mechanical properties obtained independently by other authors using destructive methods. Oxidation damage is assessed in silicon carbide fiber/reaction bonded silicon nitride matrix (SCS-6/RBSN) composites. The oxidation is done by exposing the samples in a flowing oxygen environment at elevated temperatures, up to 1400 C, for 100 hr. The Young's modulus in the fiber direction as obtained from ultrasonic measurements decreases significantly at 600 C but retains its original value at temperature above 1200 C. This agrees well with the results of destructive tests by other authors. The results of this work show that the damage-induced anisotropy in both ceramic and ceramic matrix composites can be determined successfully by ultrasonic methods. This suggests the possibility of assessing damage severity using ultrasonic techniques. (Author). Descriptive Note: Technical Memorandum, \(24) na\(9) na\(23) ADD339490 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53486 NT53486\(10) New Experimental Approach to the Investigation of Contact Forces at an Interface, \(20) Di Prisco, M. Gandelli, A. \(11) 01 May 1993\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5432, PIEZOELECTRIC FILMS, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ITALY, SENSORS, INTERFACES, CONTACT TEST.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials and Structures'; 26,158; May 1993; 214-225; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The piezoelectric films recently developed permit the design of very efficient thin sensors which are suited to interesting applications in contact problems, not only in industrial robotics but also in experimental research. After a brief introduction exemplifying the electrical principles, the primary aspects of the technique are presented and discussed with reference to possible structural engineering applications. A rather simple example regarding the interaction between a steel bar and a block of concrete is also presented. The bar is excited by dynamic cyclic loads having variable frequency. The reliability of forces detected via a PVDF sensor is evaluated by comparing the results with those obtained in parallel by means of a dynamometer strain-gauge. The comparison is promising, even if some technological problems must be resolved before this experimental technique may be applied extensively. (Author). \(24) Published by Chapman & Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339432 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53483 NT53483\(10) NDE of PWA 1480 Single Crystal Turbine Blade Material.\(20) Klima, Stanley J. Orange, Thomas W. Dreshfield, Robert L. \(11) 01 Apr 1993\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ULTRASONICS, LIQUID PENETRANTS, GAS PENETRANTS, FATIGUE(MECHANICS), FRACTOGRAPHY, SUPERALLOYS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (N93-27640). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Cantilever bending fatigue specimens were examined by fluorescent liquid penetrant and radioactive gas penetrant (Krypton) NDE methods and tested. Specimens with cast, ground, or polished surfaces were evaluated to study the effect of surface condition on NDE and fatigue crack initiation. Fractographic and metallurgical analyses were performed to determine the nature of crack precursors. Preliminary results show that fatigue strength was lower for specimens with cast surfaces than for specimens with machined surfaces. The liquid penetrant and gas penetrant techniques both provided indications of a large population of defects on the cast surfaces. On ground or polished specimen surfaces, the gas penetrant appeared to estimate the actual number of voids more accurately than the liquid penetrant. (Author). Descriptive Note: Technical Memorandum, \(24) Performed by NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191.\(9) na\(23) ADD339436 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53522 NT53522\(10) Nondestructive Testing of CFRP Plates by Lamb Waves, \(20) Tsushima, S. Fukiage, N. Ono, M.\(11) 01 Mar 1993\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC, LAMB WAVES, HULLS, MARITIME APPLICATIONS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of the Society for Materials Science, Japan'; 42,474; March 1993; 262-268; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In order to improve the reliability and safety of composite materials it is necessary to have nondestructive testing (NDT) available to detect defects in materials. Although conventional ultrasonic methods have, in principle, been used for NDT, they are inefficient and difficult to inspect large structures, such as ship hulls, because of the high attenuation of ultrasonic waves. In these cases low frequency waves have an advantage over ultrasonic waves. Therefore, by using low frequency Lamb waves generated by tapping as a means of NDT in composite laminates of carbon-epoxy, the following examinations were made: (1) predicting the thickness of plates, (2) detecting the delamination, (3) predicting the fiber contents in the composite laminates and (4) measuring the wave velocity depending on propagating directions. (1) and (2) were carried out by using antisymmetric A sub 0 mode waves. The results showed that it was possible to predict the thickness and to detect the delamination based on the relationship between the phase velocities of Lamb waves, which has dispersion characteristics, and the product of frequency and plate thickness. (3) was examined by the resonant method of symmetric S sub 0 mode waves and (4) was done by S sub 0 waves. The results showed that the fiber content could be predicted from the stationary waves and the wave velocity propagating at an angle to the fiber direction could be calculated from the Young's modulus. (Editor).\(24) Available from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Japanese - order photocopy no. 199502-B2-C-0117). \(9) na\(23) ADD339470 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53431 NT53431\(10) Electrophysical Method of Control of Copper Shell's Cross Thickness of Platinite Wire,\(20) Myasnikov, B.I. Lapiskii, V.V.\(11) 01 Mar 1993\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, THICKNESS, COPPER, PLATINUM, WIRE.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Zavodskaya Laboratoriya'; 59,3; March 1993; 28-29; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Theoretical bases of new method of nondestructive testing of thickness of copper shell of platinite wire are considered. Phenomenon of the creation of eddy currents (EC) and influence of shell thickness in different positions on the electromotive force force of EC converter are used in this method. Measurement error was found to be 10%. The proposed method allows to decrease labour intensity of thickness measurements. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9404-220375). \(9) na\(23) ADD339383 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53430 NT53430\(10) Ultrasonic Control of Primers for Production of Blades of Gas-Turbine Engines,\(20) Yatsyk, S.I. Krasavin, V.V.\(11) 01 Mar 1993\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0321-4265, NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, ULTRASONICS, GAS TURBINES, TURBINE BLADES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Zavodskaya Laboratoriya'; 59,3; March 1993; 29-30; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Ultrasonic method of nondestructive testing of blades for gas-turbine engines was investigated. Single crystal blades of nickel-tungsten alloy were studied. Method allowed to control crystallographic orientation with sufficient accuracy that was confirmed by comparison with the results of x-ray investigations. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9404-220377). \(9) na\(23) ADD339382 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53580 NT53580\(10) Neutron Radiography Testing for Fine Ceramics,\(20) Ikeda, Y. \(11) 01 Feb 1993\(15) 15 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY, CERAMICS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Hihakai Kensa'; 42,2; February 1993; 57-71. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Neutron beam obtains internal information on a body based on different principles from the x-ray method. The problem of a reliable beam source, and performance comparison with x-ray have been the main causes for not being developed to a highly efficient technique yet. But in fine ceramics, neutron radiation method is used for practical application tests. Neutron radiation interacts with the atom nucleus of the matter as it passes through it, then generating an image corresponding to the nuclei density, its type, etc. characteristics. The interaction is in the order of (Epsilon)n(sigma) (1/cm). Neutron cross section and 1% attenuation band for various finite ceramics like: Al2O3, Beo, B4C, BN, etc. are tabulated with plotted data or neutron attenuation rate within the ceramics compared with their x-ray absorption coefficient. Detectable limit for various inclusions on radiography in case of wires, made of nylon, tungsten, and copper are compared over a range of 48-574 micron defect dimension. Several research works are also introduced, including neutron radiography by Kitadae et al. (Editor). \(24) Available from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Japanese - order photocopy no. 199504-B2-C-0244). \(9) na\(23) ADD339518 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53432 NT53432\(10) Nondestructive Magnetic Control of Mechanical Properties of Metal of Electro-Welded Pipes,\(20) Chikalova, O.A. Chelyshev, V.V. Kuznetsov, B.N. Baklanova, N.V. Bothar, V.V. \(11) 01 Feb 1993\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, PIPES, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, WELDS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Zavodskaya Laboratoriya'; 59,2; February 1993; 75-76. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Nondestructive method of magnetic control of mechanical properties of pipes was developed. Method was used for testing of hot-deformed pipes of low carbon (Vst2sp2, Vst3sp2, Vst3sp5, 20) steels and low alloy (17G1S) steels. Tree-stage method allows to estimate technological stability and fraction of defective production. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9404-220373). \(9) na\(23) ADD339384 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53358 NT53358\(10) Method of Acoustic Emission as Applied to the Control of Weld Formation Processes,\(20) Voronov, N.P. Kasatkin, B.S.\(11) 01 Feb 1993\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0005-111X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIAN, NON-ENGLISH, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, WELDS, LITERATURE REVIEWS, STEEL.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Avtomaticheskaya-Syarka'; 46,2; February 1993; 32-34; 18 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Information on the method of acoustic emission as applied to the control of weld formation processes in 25KnhNMFA, 15Kh2NMFA, 10GN2MFA, and 14Kh2GMR steels is given. A review of domestic and foreign literature on this subject is made.\(24) Available from Photocopy Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian). Order photocopy 9406-220538.\(9) na\(23) ADD339316 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53477 NT53477\(10) Surface Roughness and the Ultrasonic Detection of Subsurface Scatterers, \(20) Nagy, Peter B. Rose, James H.\(11) 15 Jan 1993\(15) 15 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0021-8979, SURFACE ROUGHNESS, SUBSURFACE, SCATTERING, ULTRASONICS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Applied Physics'; 73,2; 15 January 1993; 566-580; 29 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The influence of surface roughness on the detection of subsurface scatterers using phase-coherent, ultrasonic immersion transducers is reported. Experiments were conducted with phase-coherent transducers, immersed in a liquid bath, that insonified samples with roughened surfaces. Measurements were made of: (1) the signal-to-noise ratio for a subsurface void when viewed through a rough surface; (2) the frequency-dependent loss (between 2 and 20 MHz) that was induced in the transmission and reflection coefficients of the coherent beam for flat aluminum plates with root-mean-square roughness varying between 5 and 50 microns; and (3) the effects of surface roughness greatly degraded the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) for some typical inspection geometries. Second, after appropriate normalization, the transmission and reflection coefficients for the coherent beam were found to be nearly universal functions of the angle of incidence, except near the critical angles. Large reductions (several orders of magnitude) in the phase-coherent signal S resulted for some typical inspection setups. The noise, on the other hand, remained nearly unchanged for the same setups. The degradation in S/N was attributed to the randomization of the phase of the coherently transmitted and reflected beams. Both the sensitivity of the signal and the relative insensitivity of the backscatter noise are explained in terms of the phase-screen approximation. This simple approximation is also used to explain the nearly universal form of the normalized transmission and reflection coefficients, and to predict that the backscatter noise may be either slightly enhanced or slightly\(24) Published by American Institute of Physics, One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740-3843. \(9) na\(23) ADD339429 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53622 NT53622\(10) Rayleigh Scattering in Elastic Composite Materials,\(20) Boutin, C. Auriault, J.L.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 21 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0020-7225, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, COMPOSITES, RAYLEIGH WAVES, SCATTERING, ELASTIC MATERIALS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'International Journal of Engineering Science'; 31,12; December 1993; 1669-1689; 14 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper is devoted to long wave propagation in heterogeneous media. More specifically, we deal with Rayleigh diffraction in elastic materials with a periodic microstructure whose heterogeneities are in finite concentration or show great contrasts in properties. This study is based on the homogenization method but contrary to the usual procedure in which only the first significant terms are used, the developments are established up to the third order. We demonstrate that the terms of a superior order successively introduce effects of polarization, of celerity dispersion and of attenuation and we thus bring to the fore a characteristic distance of mode conversion. Finally we demonstrate that the effect of dispersion alone appears in macroscopically isotropic materials. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., P.O. Box 800, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1DX, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339557 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53620 NT53620\(10) Acousto-Ultrasonic Inspection of Pultruded Composites,\(20) Fecko, David L. Steiner, Karl V. Gillespie, John W., Jr. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) PULTRUSION, COMPOSITES, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Materials: Expanding the Horizons'; 25th Intl. SAMPE Conference; Vol. 25; Philadelphia, PA; October 26-28, 1993; 940-947. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Pultrusion is a process of great importance to the composites industry. It is a continuous manufacturing process in which the material is pulled along an axis where impregnation, consolidation and curing of the composite all occur. Such continual motion of product makes it ideal for in-process inspection. One centralized station would be sufficient to inspect all of the pultruded parts. The inspection station would necessarily be capble of quick and accurate nondestructive evaluation. This is preliminary work towards the development of such a system. A study was performed to evaluate the capability of acousto-ultrasound as an inspection method for pultruded composites. Thermoplastic pultrusion samples were selected and examined for void content and overall quality. Static acousto-ultrasonic (AU) tests were performed on the samples. The AU data were processed and compared with the characterization results. It was determined that the Stress Wave Factor (SWF) measured by the AU technique provides an adequate measure of composite quality. This paper establishes the credibility of acousto-ultrasound as a means of non-destructive evaluation of pultruded composite samples. (Author). \(24) Published by SAMPE International Business Office, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722.\(9) na\(23) ADD339555 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53619 NT53619\(10) Interpreting a Large Variety of Ultrasonic Data by a New Image Processing Method, \(20) Rumenapp, Stephan Pfeifer, Tilo \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, COMPOSITES, ULTRASONICS, IMAGE ENHANCEMENT.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Materials: Expanding the Horizons'; 25th Intl. SAMPE Conference; Vol. 25; Philadelphia, PA; October 26-28, 1993; 931-939; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Ultrasonics is a technique wide-spread for the nondestructive testing of fibre reinforced plastics. One problem of the use of this technique in the industrial production process is the need for an expert to evaluate the results. In the mass production it is possible to compare other cases, as for example in the production of prototypes or in research institutes, other methods must be applied. Since the expert uses his eyes and his brain to evaluate the ultrasonic data, the obvious approach is the use of image enhancement techniques on a computer. Though they show good results in interpreting the ultrasonic data they are only useful for the special specimen they are designed for. There is a lack of general methods, Production Engineering (WZL), in Aachen, Germany, a new method has been developed. This method emphasizes defects in different kinds of specimens. The algorithm can find flaws with shape edges as well as defects, which manifest themselves in small changes of the texture within the ultrasonic image. With this system, a new method is available which effectively improve the computer-controlled detection of flaws. (Author/Modified).\(24) Published by SAMPE International Business Office, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722.\(9) na\(23) ADD339554 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53618 NT53618\(10) Opto-Mechanical Properties of a Sapphire Fiber-Optic Sensor, \(20) El-Sherif, Mahmoud A. Hu, Shichuang Lei, Charles Ko, Frank K. Mach, Kervyn \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) OPTICAL SENSORS, SAPPHIRE, CERAMICS, HIGH TEMPERATURE, OPTICAL FIBERS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Materials: Expanding the Horizons'; 25th Intl. SAMPE Conference; Vol. 25; Philadelphia, PA; October 26-28, 1993; 901-907; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A preliminary study towards the development of an optical sapphire fiber sensor for high temperature applications is presented. The sensor can be employed for real-time testing of ceramic materials. An optical grade sapphire fiber was modified to be used as an optical waveguide as well as a sensing element. Opto-mechanical testing was performed by applying lateral compression loads to the fiber and measuring the induced changes in the optical intensity. A developed spatial modulation technique was used to test this type of optical fiber. The study showed that: (i) the spatial modulation technique is applicable to optical grade sapphire fiber, and (ii) the sensor is sensitive to external lateral perturbation. The experimental set-up and results for a preliminary test are presented. (Author). \(24) Published by SAMPE International Business Office, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722.\(9) na\(23) ADD339553 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53617 NT53617\(10) Vibration and Ultrasonic Nondestructive Characterization of Nonwoven and Fabric Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composites, \(20) Vaidya, U.K. Mahfuz, H. Jeelani, S.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) VIBRATION, ULTRASONICS, C-SCAN, CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Materials: Expanding the Horizons'; 25th Intl. SAMPE Conference; Vol. 25; Philadelphia, PA; October 26-28, 1993; 919-930; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In the processing of carbon-carbon (C/C) composites, occurrence of delaminations and excess material damage conditions during several carbonization cycles is of serious concern. Under the existence of such flaws, further processing of the material can prove to be futile. Keeping this in view, the nondestructive evaluation of the material that eventually after each processing stage develops into a C/C composite, is the focus of this article. Of the several available nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, vibration and ultrasonic NDE were chosen. While the vibration NDE techniques exhibited sensitivity to changes in the global material condition, ultrasonic velocity measurements and C-scan testing provided a means for assessing localized flaws in the material. Panels from two material systems, namely nonwoven and woven carbon fabric reinforced in different types of phenolic matrix precursors were considered. The choice of the two material systems was made due to their high practical utility. In this article, various aspects in relation to vibration and ultrasonic NDE techniques considered include; the effect of defects and weave pattern in continuous C/C composites and variation of resin in nonwoven composites, at two stages of fabrication, namely; as-cured and carbonized stages. (Author). \(24) Published by SAMPE International Business Office, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722.\(9) na\(23) ADD339552 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53616 NT53616\(10) Nondestructive Evaluation of Thick Composites Subjected to Compressive Fatigue Loading,\(20) Gavens, A.J. Byrne, C. Green, R.E., Jr. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) THICK COMPOSITES, ULTRASONICS, FATIGUE, THROUGH TRANSMISSION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Materials: Expanding the Horizons'; 25th Intl. SAMPE Conference; Vol. 25; Philadelphia, PA; October 26-28, 1993; 908-918; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Compression-compression fatigue damage of double edge notched thick (0 sub 2/90) sub s and (90 sub 2/0) sub s graphite/epoxy specimens was examined using contact ultrasonic methods and x-radiography. Pulse waveform, ultrasonic technique, and the direction of ultrasound propagation in the composite were examined to determine their effect on monitoring fatigue damage progression. Fatigue damage was observed radiographically to progress through three stages with a significant increase in damage occurring just before specimen failure. An increase in ultrasound attenuation and velocity was observed just before failure with the ultrasound propagation direction normal to the lamina. Evaluation of the composite with the ultrasound propagation direction parallel to the lamina did not produce results indicative of fatigue damage despite the presence of microcracks. No difference was seen between spike and tone burst pulse excitation waveforms. The through-transmission method was found to provide more information on damage progression than the pulse-echo method. (Author). \(24) Published by SAMPE International Business Office, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722.\(9) na\(23) ADD339551 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53615 NT53615\(10) Acoustic Emissions on Complex Composite Bridge Deck Structures,\(20) Plecnik, Joseph M. Henriquez, Oscar E.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) BRIDGE DECKS, COMPOSITES, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Materials: Expanding the Horizons'; 25th Intl. SAMPE Conference; Vol. 25; Philadelphia, PA; October 26-28, 1993; 759-770; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Development of structural systems for bridge infrastructure using composite materials has been explored for the past decade. This program studies the performance of an innovative modular fiberglass composite bridge deck system. Both the commercial AASHTO HS20-44 truck load and the Alternate Military load were applied to composite deck specimens in a series of fatigue tests. Throughout these tests, performance of the specimens was monitored by using the acoustic emissions (AE) non-destructive evaluation technique. For design, it is desirable to use AE data to predict the magnitude of fatigue load which may or may not produce significant damage to the deck at a predetermined number of truck load cycles. It was found that AE activity during the first fatigue cycles can be used to predict whether or not the deck is appropriate to withstand several million truck load cycles. The study was performed on two 213 cm (7 ft.) wide deck specimens. Test setups simulated two different types of mechanical connections necessary for the modular bridge deck system. Results indicate the composite deck is adequate to withstand the design loads. \(24) Published by SAMPE International Business Office, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722.\(9) na\(23) ADD339550 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53614 NT53614\(10) Optimization and Standardization of Ultrasonic-NDE-Inspection for Testing Complex Shaped Composite Structures,\(20) Schuster, J. Bauer, C. Friedrich, K. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO, COMPLEX SHAPES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Materials: Expanding the Horizons'; 25th Intl. SAMPE Conference; Vol. 25; Philadelphia, PA; October 26-28, 1993; 586-597; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This paper investigates the correlations between transducer properties, defect size and depths, and the signal/noise-ratio during ultrasonic inspection of polymeric composites. Samples of different fiber/matrix systems were produced, intentially including artificial defects of various sizes and shapes. These specimens were inspected ultrasonically with transducers in the frequency range from 1 to 150 MHz. It could be seen that the 5 MHz transducer possessed the highest signal/noise-ratio in most cases. High frequency transducers (f > 20 MHz) should be used for the inspection of thin walled part with high resolution. Finally, a transducer selection guide incorporating special usage terms for carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites is introduced. According to this catalogue, a 5 MHz transducer would be chosen for the inspection of a 40 mm thick resin compressor blade made of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite. In order to follow the contour of this three-dimensionally shaped part, a mechanical manipulator consisting of a newly developed joint configuration with altitude correction was built. (Author). \(24) Published by SAMPE International Business Office, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722.\(9) na\(23) ADD339549 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53613 NT53613\(10) Quantitative Non Destructive Characterization of Prepregs Using Ultrasound,\(20) Li, Yan Ma, Gloria C. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 13 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ULTRASOUND, PREPREG, LAMINATES, COMPOSITES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Materials: Expanding the Horizons'; 25th Intl. SAMPE Conference; Vol. 25; Philadelphia, PA; October 26-28, 1993; 562-574; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) There has been an increased need for nondestructive characterization of prepregs and laminates in the advanced composite industry. This paper focuses on recent developments by XXsys Technologies, Inc., in characterizing material properties of prepregs. The most important parameters during manufacturing of prepregs are the resin content by weight and the fiber areal weight. Currently these parameters are determined through time-consuming chemical destructive tests. XXsys has developed an alternative nondestructive measurement method for characterization of these parameters. This paper presents theoretical analysis of ultrasonic wave propagation in prepregs. It includes experimental results from measurements on many prepreg samples. Comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental results will be made and potential applications of these ultrasonic technologies in the manufacturing environment are discussed. (Author).\(24) Published by SAMPE International Business Office, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722.\(9) na\(23) ADD339548 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53612 NT53612\(10) NDE Method Selection for Advanced Materials, \(20) Duke, John C., Jr.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ADVANCED MATERIALS, COMPOSITES, METHODOLOGY.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Materials: Expanding the Horizons'; 25th Intl. SAMPE Conference; Vol. 25; Philadelphia, PA; October 26-28, 1993; 552-561; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Advanced material systems pose many challenges as regards their property characterization as well as potential defects detection and assessment. Applications ranging from process control to fitness for service and repair assessment demand attention to these issues. Nondestructive measurements methods provide a means for meeting these challenges. However, because circumstances may drastically influence the viability of a particular measurement procedure it is not possible to identify a single best method for a particular material system. It is possible, though, to approach the selection of the most appropriate method in a rational way. This presentation will discuss a procedure for selecting the best nondestructive measurement method. The procedure considers the nature of the advanced material system, the assessment criteria, as well as the details of the specific application. Experiences with advanced composite materials with complex architecture and geometry, and adhesively bonded joints will be \(24) Published by SAMPE International Business Office, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722.\(9) na\(23) ADD339547 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53611 NT53611\(10) Visualization and Analysis of Nondestructive Test Data,\(20) Frankle, R. Menich, R. Warmbrodt, S. Woytowitz, P. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 14 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) SOFTWARE, VISUALIZATION, IMAGE ANALYSIS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Materials: Expanding the Horizons'; 25th Intl. SAMPE Conference; Vol. 25; Philadelphia, PA; October 26-28, 1993; 528-541; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) One of the advantages of digital nondestructive test (NDT) techniques, such as X-ray computed tomography (CT), digital ultrasonics (UT), and digital eddy current (ET), is that computers can be used to process the NDT data. Failure Analysis Associates, Inc. (FaAA) has developed an Integrated Part Evaluation System (IPES), which is a software-based system for visualizing and analyzing data from different NDT techniques. IPES provides the following capabilities: (1) Visualize NDT data from CT, UT, and ET inspections using State-of-the-Art scientifici visualization and image processing software; (2) automatically detect defects by analyzing digital NDT data; (3) predict the response of structures containing defects by using NDT data in finite element analysis. Within IPES, these capabilities can be used separately or in combination. This paper describes the IPES capabilities and how they can be used to help evaluate structural reliability. (Author).\(24) Published by SAMPE International Business Office, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722.\(9) na\(23) ADD339546 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53610 NT53610\(10) Embedded Sensors for Composite Strain Monitoring, \(20) Neumeister, G. Miller, K. Buckley, L.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) SMART MATERIALS, COMPOSITES, STRAIN.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Materials: Expanding the Horizons'; 25th Intl. SAMPE Conference; Vol. 25; Philadelphia, PA; October 26-28, 1993; 182-189; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A method for sensing strain throughout the thickness of a continuous-fiber composites was investigated. The process involved an optically-active polymer (polyamide/diacetylene) that has an absorption shift in the visible/near-IR that is sensitive to applied strain. The diacetylene-containing polymer was synthesized and coated onto an optical fiber to create a strain sensor, and placed in a graphite/epoxy composite. Three point flexural testing was performed on the specimens, and extensions of 10%, 20%, and 40% of failure were investigated. The fiber optic sensors were positioned at various locations throughout the thickness of the composite (one at the neural axis, and two in the tension half of the specimen). For each fiber the shift in its visible wave-length tranmission was monitored as a function of specimen deflection. Results suggest that the absorption shift (at 665 mm) occurring in the fibers is reversible, and that the absorption shift experience in the three locations through the thickness of the composite correlate with the amount of strain experienced by each fiber at a given specimen deflection. (Author).\(24) Published by SAMPE International Business Office, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722.\(9) na\(23) ADD339545 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53609 NT53609\(10) QA/QC of Composites with Integrated Intelligent Instruments, \(20) Liebman, S.A. Phillips, C. Fitzgerald, W. Wright, J. Cohen, R. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) QUALITY ASSURANCE, QUALITY CONTROL, COMPOSITES, SCANNING LASERS, IMAGE ANALYSIS, FLAW DETECTION, NEURAL NETWORKS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Published in 'Advanced Materials: Expanding the Horizons'; 25th Intl. SAMPE Technical Conference; Vol. 25; Philadelphia, PA; October 26-28, 1993; 173-181; 14 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) On-site, in-plant analyzers can provide vital information in the processing and manufacture of composites. Integrated intelligent instruments are based on supercritical fluid technology to obtain detailed chemical compositional data. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) with a high resolution laser scanner provides vital physical information from off-line/on-line X-ray or photomicrographic image analysis using trained neural networks. Chemical and physical monitoring of key processing stages can be conducted with the analyzers that are combined with applied artificial intelligence tools in manufacturing of composite materials, including fibers, prepregs, and cermets. An integrated system, the Intelligent Classifier and Flexible Laser Analysis Workstation (IC-FLAW), is described for applications in QA/QC operations. Improved quality of composite materials can result from applying these analyzers during the design, processing, and manufacturing stages. The automated systems and methods generate cost-effective chemical/physical information to correlate with in-field performance for improved product reliability. (Author). \(24) Published by SAMPE International Business Office, P.O. Box 2459, Covina, CA 91722.\(9) na\(23) ADD339544 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53537 NT53537\(10) Approaches to Establishing the Probability of Flaw Detection, \(20) Sturges, Derek\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-56378-014-3, PROBABILITY OF DETECTION, FAULT DETECTION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Composites Technologies'; Proc. 9th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference; Dearborn, MI; 8-11 November 1993; 668-679; 15 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A summary is presented of the major approaches that have been taken during the past three decades to estimating the probability of detecting flaws of given size with nondestructive evaluation (NDE) processes. Origins of these applications of decision theory concepts are traced to World War II work on detection of radar and sonar signals. The methods described offer improved understanding of inspection process capabilities and limitations, and can help in the selection of inspection personnel and processes, as well as providing a rational basis for the engineering use of NDE data in predicting the residual life of cyclically-stressed components. (Author). \(24) Published by ESD, The Engineering Society, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.\(9) na\(23) ADD339485 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53536 NT53536\(10) Nondestructive Evaluation of Composites by Digital Shearography, \(20) Hung, Y.Y.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 19 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-56378-014-3, COMPOSITES, DIGITAL SHEAROGRAPHY, OPTICAL TESTING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Composites Technologies'; Proc. 9th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference; Dearborn, MI; 8-11 November 1993; 647-665; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Recently, there have been considerable interests in the development of optical methods for nondestructive evaluation of composites in a production/field environment, because of the full-field, noncontacting and speedy nature of optical methods. Among the various optical methods, shearography is rapidly gaining acceptance by industry. Shearography is equivalent to a full-field strain gage which allows strain distribution over a large area to be observed, and it does not require installing strain gages/transducers. The output of shearography is a fringe pattern depicting the distribution of strain. It reveals flaws in materials by looking for flaw-induced strain anomalies which are translated into anomalies in the fringe patterns. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of shearography and its applications in nondestructive testing of composites. (Author). \(24) Published by ESD, The Engineering Society, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.\(9) na\(23) ADD339484 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53535 NT53535\(10) Nondestructive Inspection Technology for Quality Assurance of Automotive Composites Components,\(20) Chapman, Gilbert B., II Hagerman, Edward M.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 26 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-56378-014-3, QUALITY ASSURANCE, AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS, COMPOSITES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Composites Technologies'; Proc. 9th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference; Dearborn, MI; 8-11 November 1993; 621-646; 46 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper addresses the application of nondestructive inspection (NDI) technology to support quality during four phases of the development, selection, and implementation of materials and processes for polymer composites applications in automotive vehicular components. These phases include (1) materials and processes development, (2) component development and testing during vehicle development, (3) manufacturing and assembly, and (4) flaw or damage assessment for pre and post-repair evaluations. The application of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) for rapid and cost-effective materials characterization during the early stages of materials and process development will be discussed and examples given. Other pertinent NDE methodologies recommended for automotive composites will also be briefly summarized. The use of nondestructive testing (NDT) to detect flaws and other anomalies for quality screening and for the optimization of process parameters in support of efficient component development, testing, and manufacturing will also be discussed. The use of NDI techniques to assure adhesive bond quality and to establish and maintain process capability and control will be briefly presented in the context of high-volume composites manufacturing and assembly\(24) Published by ESD, The Engineering Society, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.\(9) na\(23) ADD339483 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53534 NT53534\(10) Combined Interferometric Techniques for Assessment of Damage and Verification of Repair in Composites Structures, \(20) Cloud, Gary Nokes, James Chen, Xiao-Lu \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-56378-014-3, COMPOSITE STRUCTURES, INTERFEROMETRY, DAMAGE ASSESSMENT, DAMAGE DETECTION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Advanced Composites Technologies'; Proc. 9th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference; Dearborn, MI; 8-11 November 1993; 507-516; 6 refs. \(21) There are three general phases in the repair of structures which incorporate composites: (1) Identifying, locating and assessing damage; (2) performance of repair procedure; and (3) verification of repair. The first and last tend to be given insufficient attention. Yet, they are of crucial importance, especially in complex structures which involve composite panels bonded to frameworks, and which must demonstrate certain energy management capability for safety reasons. For such structures, whole-field optical methods seem best for assessment of damage and repair certification. They are noncontacting, potentially quick, remote, and sensitive to a wide variety of flaws and damage. No one method seems adequate by itself. This paper describes the combined use of three optical interference techniques for damage inspection. They are: (1) Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry; (2) Electronic Shearographic Interferometry; and (3) Laser Doppler Velocimetry. Several different loading approaches are also described. Results illustrate detection of damage in single plates and in the adhesive joinings between composite panels and metal frame. The approach seems efficacious in terms of speed, size of sample, and detection capability. (Author). \(24) Published by ESD, The Engineering Society, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.\(9) na\(23) ADD339482 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53517 NT53517\(10) Role of Microstructure in the Propagation of Ultrasound in Bainitic Low-Alloy Steels, \(20) Bergner, F. Kohler, B. Popp, K. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0308-0161, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, ULTRASOUND, NUCLEAR REACTORS, PRESSURE VESSELS, STEEL, MICROSTRUCTURE.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'International Journal of Pressure Vessels & Piping'; 55,2; 1993; 251-260; 14 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The propagation characteristics of ultrasound in two types of bainitic Cr-Mo-V steels including the Soviet type reactor pressure vessel steel 15Kh2MFA have been examined. In order to find out the factors affecting the sound velocity the steels have been exposed to different heat treatments and to neutron irradiation. It turned out that the sound velocity is considerably changed by tempering but only slightly by neutron irradiation. The effect of tempering can be explained on the basis of the decomposition of retained austenite and carbide precipitation. The main mechanisms of ultrasonic attenuation are Rayleigh scattering at prior austenite grains and thermoelastic absorption in the vicinity of packet boundaries. Both effects have been shown to depend on the orientation relationship between bainitic ferrite and parent austenite. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., P.O. Box 800, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339465 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53513 NT53513\(10) Electrical Resistivity as a Possible Non Destructive Technique to Assess Grain Size in Aluminum and its Alloys,\(20) Nava-Vazquez, E. Manzano-Ramirez, A. Beech, J. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, MEXICO, ALUMINUM, ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY, GRAIN SIZE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Archives of Metallurgy'; 38,1; 1993; 89-99; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In an effort to understand and to know the relation and sensitivity of electrical resistivity as a non-destructive technique to assess grain size, the changes in electrical resistivity of as-cast commercial pure aluminum with additions of Ti in the range of 0 to 0.2 wt pct. Ti and in a heat-treated KO-1 (A201) aluminum alloy, have been related to the variations in grain size. Determination of the resistivity have shown to be highly sensitive to small changes in grain size. In addition, it has been shown that electrical resistivity in aluminum strongly depends on both grain size and Ti content. (Author). \(24) Published by Polska Akademia, Komitet Metalurgii, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Pwn, Miodowa 10, 00-251 Warsaw, Poland. \(9) na\(23) ADD339461 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53511 NT53511\(10) Combined Investigation of Eddy Current and Ultrasonic Techniques for Composite Materials NDE, \(20) Davis, C.W. Nath, S. Fulton, J.P. Namkung, M.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, EDDY CURRENT INSPECTION, COMPOSITES, LAMINATES, GRAPHITE EPOXY LAMINATES, C-SCAN, IMPACT DAMAGE, HIGH TEMPERATURE, THERMAL EFFECTS.;\(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (N95-26778). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper discusses a dual-technology NDE (eddy current (EC) and ultrasonic (UT)) study of graphite/epoxy (gr/ep) laminates samples. Eddy current and ultrasonic raster (C-scan) imaging were used together to characterize the effects of mechanical impact damage, high temperature thermal damage and various types of inserts in gr/ep laminate samples of various stacking sequences. (Author). \(24) Performed by NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA.\(9) na\(23) ADD339459 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53482 NT53482\(10) Prediction of the Quality of Resistance Welds by Computer Based Color Image Analysis, \(20) Pechersky, Martin J. Zeoli, K.A. Kestin, P.A. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 15 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) RESISTANCE WELDING, IMAGE ANALYSIS, COMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Metallographic Characterization of Metals After Welding, Processing and Service: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Technical Meeting; International Metallographic Society; Denver, CO; 1992; 113-127; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Experiments have been completed to correlate the quality of electric resistance pinch welds with an automated computer analysis of the weld surface. The pinch welds were performed on small diameter stainless steel tubes after they were annealed in air at several different temperatures to form an oxide layer on the weld surfaces. The images of the tube bore were collected with a borescope, stored in a computer and analyzed. The analysis consisted of computing a parameter which gave a representation of the color integrated over the inspected region. This color parameter was then used to rank the tubes in order of their relative oxidation level. Once this was performed the tubes were welded and low magnification metallography was performed on the welds. It was found that the color analysis gave a perfect correlation with the oxidation levels and that the weld quality was inversely proportional to the amount of oxidation. It was also shown that the color analysis was robust in the sense that the sorting was independent of the borescope illumination level over a large range for both oxidized and unoxidized stems. Thus the color parameter chosen was an excellent predictor of the weld quality. (Author).\(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339435 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53479 NT53479\(10) Effect of Reliability of Crack Propagation Measurement on the Assessment of Life-Times for Structural Elements Having Flaws, \(20) Lukacs, J.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0308-0161, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, HUNGARY, COMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS, CRACK PROPAGATION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'International Journal of Pressure Vessels & Piping'; 55,2; 1993; 261-268; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The assessment of the life-time for structural elements having crack-like defects as well the judgement of the effects of material features on it are becoming more and more important. An effective solution for these problems is inconceivable without computer-aided systems. This paper outlines the structures of such a computer-aided system and an example illustrates some of its possible applications. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., P.O. Box 800, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1DK, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339431 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53474 NT53474\(10) Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Pressure Vessels, \(20) Pellionisz, P. Szucs, P. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0308-0161, FOREIGN TECHOLOGY, HUNGARY, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, PRESSURE VESSELS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'International Journal of Pressure Vessels & Piping'; 55,2; 1993; 287-294; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper summarises the main features of the acoustic emission testing method. A short overview is given of how common failures can be detected at pressure vessel testing and how measurement results are evaluated. Acoustic emission monitoring of pressure vessels for the power plant industry has been introduced also in Hungary; an overview is given and some of the measurement results are presented. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., P.O. Box 800, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1DX, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339426 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53453 NT53453\(10) Expert Systems - A New Approach of NDT Technology,\(20) Matiss, I.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, LATVIA, EXPERT SYSTEMS, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, COMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS, DIELECTRIC ANALYSIS, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, QUALITY CONTROL.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composites Properties and Applications'; Proc. Ninth International Conf. on Composite Materials (ICCM/9); Madrid, Spain, 12-16 July 1993; Vol. VI; 890-895; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Concepts and architecture of expert systems for various tasks of quality control of advanced materials, for example, physical, chemical, structure and service parameters evauation and computer assisted experiment by nondestructive testing techniques are presented. The architecture of the systems for materials properties evaluation is designed as two dimensional moduli structure: first representation - physical background of the information search technique (ultrasonic, vibration, thermal, electrical, optical, radiation, etc.); second representation - character of the information source (factographic data base, mathematical modelling, testing experiment). (Author).\(24) Published by Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339405 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53452 NT53452\(10) Method for Evaluation of Elastic Properties of Composite Laminates with Various Levels of Porosity,\(20) Rubin, Alexander M.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-85573-139-8, COMPOSITES, POROSITY, ELASTIC PROPERTIES, FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composites Properties and Applications'; Vol. II; Proc. Ninth International Conf. on Composite Materials (ICOM/9); Madrid; 12-16 July 1993; 882-889; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A new analytical approach to determine elastic properties of continuous carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates with various levels of porosity is proposed. The model is based on a thermo-mechanical constitutive theory for elastic composites with distributed damage, originally proposed by Allen, et. al (1987). The model utilizes second-order tensor valued internal state variables to represent porosity and the relationship between ultrasonic NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) output and physical porosity distribution through the laminate thickness which was established by extensive photomicrographic examination for different porosity levels for both tape and cloth laminates. The equations for the engineering constants were developed. (Author).\(24) Published by Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339404 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53451 NT53451\(10) Moire Inteferometry Strain Analysis Using FFT Technique for Fiber Reinforced Composite Laminates with Hole,\(20) Asundi, A. Yang, Fan \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, HONG KONG, MOIRE INTERFEROMETRY, COMPOSITE LAMINATES, FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composites Properties and Applications'; Proc. Ninth International Conf. on Composite Materials (ICCM/9); Madrid, Spain, 12-16 July 1993; Vol. VI; 874-881; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In this study, the experimental technique of moire interferometry, which produces fringe patterns displaying two-dimensional displacement fields, as applied to unidirectional graphite fiber reinforced composite laminates containing a small hole is first outlined. The fundamental principle using fast Fourier transform (FFT) method to evaluate the available interferograms of specimens is introduced, and based on which, a computer image processing system is then developed. With the application of present approach, an example of two-dimensional strain distribution near the hole area of the composite specimen is illustrated. The experimental result is compared with the prediction from finite element method. (Author). \(24) Published by Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339403 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53450 NT53450\(10) Ultrasonic Inspection of Large Composite Components Improvements for High Resolution and Reproducibility, \(20) Hillger, W. Valdecantos, C.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, QUALITY CONTROL, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC, ULTRASONIC TESTING, C-SCAN.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composites Properties and Applications'; Proc. Ninth International Conf. on Composite Materials (ICCM/9); Madrid, Spain, 12-16 July 1993; Vol. VI; 867-873; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) For the special requirements of the quality control of large composite components a high resolution ultrasonic inspection system was developed in a joint venture of two companies: TECAL in Spain and of Engineering office Dr. Hillger in Germany. The squirter inspection system consists of a four axis manipulation system with a length of 12 m and a scanning speed up to 750 mm/s, a computer controlled flaw detector HFUS 2000, a PC and a color printer. The dynamic range is 84 dB without any gain adjustment in a single C-scan. This system provides up to 4 channels which can be set with different frequency filters. The software (written by TECAL) with easy handling pull-down menus provides all settings of the manipulation and of the flaw detector on the keyboard of the computer. The data are stored on an optical disk. (Author). \(24) Published by Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339402 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53449 NT53449\(10) Stress Analysis of Fibre Reinforced Composite Systems by Thermoelastic Emission, \(20) Van Hemelrijck, D. Boulpaep, F. De Wilde, P. Cardon, A.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, BELGIUM, FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, STRESS ANALYSIS, THERMOELASTIC EMISSION TECHNIQUE, THERMOELASTICITY.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composites Properties and Applications'; Proc. Ninth International Conf. on Composite Materials (ICCM/9); Madrid, Spain, 12-16 July 1993; Vol. VI; 859-866; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A one-dimensional and a three-dimensional numerical model, based on the non-adiabatic theory, is described and experimentally validated for different composite systems. It is seen that the spate-data on composite systems is frequency dependent and consequently that the interpretation of the data is not straight-forward unless the loading frequency is extremely high. (Author).\(24) Published by Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339401 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53448 NT53448\(10) Multiplexed Ultrasonic Array System for Composite Parts Inspection,\(20) Valdecantos, C. Rodriguez, F.J. Ramos, A. Montero de Espinosa, F.R. Sanz, P.T.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, SPAIN, ULTRASONIC TESTS, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCER, ARRAYS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composites Properties and Applications'; Proc. Ninth International Conf. on Composite Materials (ICCM/9); Madrid, Spain, 12-16 July 1993; Vol. VI; 851-858; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A high-voltage multichannel ultrasonic system is described as well as its applications to composite parts testing. The system operates up to 8 channels both in transmission and reception modes, so that only one pulser-receiver is needed. The transducer device is a 5 MHz broadband eight elements array of multilayer type with a mechanical delay line. A new analog MUX/DMUX has been designed making possible to switch broadband pulses of large voltage and current peaks. The manipulator makes easy to scan flat or even T-shaped areas found in the inspection of stringers in aircraft composite parts. A PC data acquisition system makes possible the on-line simultaneous presentation of B, C and D displays. (Author).\(24) Published by Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339400 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53447 NT53447\(10) Evaluation of High Temperature Degradation in Composites Using Acousto-Ultrasonic Techniques, \(20) Beland, S. Randon, C. Maslouhi, A. Scott, R.F. Roy, C.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES, THERMAL DEGRADATION, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS, SIGNAL PROCESSING, PATTERN RECOGNITION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composites Properties and Applications'; Proc. Ninth International Conf. on Composite Materials (ICCM/9); Madrid, Spain, 12-16 July 1993; Vol. VI; 843-850; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The paper proposes to use acousto-ultrasonics, a relatively new non-destructive technique, to detect degradation in composites due to overheating. Neat resin and unidirectional carbon/epoxy composite panels have been exposed to thermal cycling and evaluated using acousto-ultrasonic techniques and destructive mechanical testing. Advanced signal processing technologies and pattern recognition are suggested to decipher the acousto-ultrasonic signals according to the state of degradation of the material. Correlation between acousto-ultrasonic measurements and mechanical properties is made. (Author). \(24) Published by Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339399 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53446 NT53446\(10) Laser Impact Generation of Ultrasound: Applications to the Characterization of Composite Materials, \(20) Castagnede, Bernard Mourad, Andre \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, CARBON EPOXY COMPOSITES, ELASTIC CONSTANTS, LASER ULTRASONICS, PHASE VELOCITY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composites Properties and Applications'; Proc. Ninth International Conf. on Composite Materials (ICCM/9); Madrid, Spain, 12-16 July 1993; Vol. VI; 835-842; 23 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This work describes some recent advances dealing with the characterization of composite materials by using laser generated ultrasound techniques. Although the various acoustical modes (bulk, surface and plate) can generally be used, we restrict ourselves here to the discussion on bulk waves. One fundamental feature is that the propagation of transient divergent bulk modes in anisotropic solids is done at the group velocity. In the present work, wavespeed measurements are performed in several composite materials along numerous non-principal direction of propagation. Also discussed are wavefronts reconstruction and the possibility of predicting theoretical displacement fields using Cagniard de-Hoop method. (Author).\(24) Published by Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339398 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53445 NT53445\(10) Acoustic Emission Sensor for In-Situ Monitoring of Carbon/Carbon Processing, \(20) Yen, C.L. Tittmann, B.R.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, CARBON-CARBON, IN SITU, CARBON PHENOLIC COMPOSITES, PROCESS CONTROL.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composites Properties and Applications'; Proc. Ninth International Conf. on Composite Materials (ICCM/9); Madrid, Spain, 12-16 July 1993; Vol. VI; 827-834; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A process sensor technique is described for monitoring First Carbonization of Carbon/Phenolic in the range from 25-750 C. The technique is based on the observation of acoustic emissions (AE) resulting from the onset and development of macroporosity. The AE data are obtained via an ultrasonic waveguide in contact with the part near its edge. The data show good run-to-run repeatability and point to a strong onset of microcracking near 500 C. An effect similar to that described by Kaiser is observed when the temperature is reduced and then raised again. The acoustic emissions stop and then start again but only after the same temperature is reached as before the decrease. When interpreted in terms of current understanding of the process, this result can be explained on the basis of tensile loading of the fiber network on the matrix during matrix shrinkage. (Author). \(24) Published by Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339397 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53444 NT53444\(10) Use of Thermal Analysis Techniques for the Study of the Curing of Pre-Preg Resins and Composite Characterisation, \(20) Arthur, J.K. Larcey, P.A. Savage, G.M. Cox, P.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, THERMAL ANALYSIS, FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, EPOXY RESINS, CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composites Properties and Applications'; Proc. Ninth International Conf. on Composite Materials (ICCM/9); Madrid, Spain, 12-16 July 1993; Vol. VI; 819-826; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Thermal analytical techniques, such as differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, are being widely used in the determination of pre-preg properties and the characterisation of final composite bodies. By using these techniques it is possible to measure glass transition temperature and lower temperature transitions, Cure reaction/kinetics, fibre properties and weight loss. Several examples of pre-preg and composites will illustrate the powerful nature of thermal analysis. These techniques will help the composite design engineer achieve superior performance from the materials available today and also guide the material scientist to the materials of the future. (Author). \(24) Published by Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339396 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53443 NT53443\(10) Source Influences on the Excitation of Guided Elastic Waves in Anisotropic Layers,\(20) Rose, Joseph L. Ditri, John J. Pilarski, Aleksander \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) LAMB WAVES, ELASTIC WAVES, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, ANISOTROPY, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composites Properties and Applications'; Proc. Ninth International Conf. on Composite Materials (ICCM/9); Madrid, Spain, 12-16 July 1993; Vol. VI; 811-818; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The use of guided elastic waves for the nondestructive evaluation of composite materials is becoming increasingly popular due to the unique properties of such waves. Larger areas can be examined for single pulse excitation compared to point by point bulk wave inspection techniques. In contrast to bulk wave propagation, there are an infinite number of guided wave modes from which to choose. Because each mode is in many ways different than the others, the individual modes will be more or less sensitive to the quantity being measured and hence, selection of an appropriate mode becomes critical to the success of an inspection technique. This paper deals with the next step in the inspection process, namely, the generation of the mode which has been selected for use. An acousto-ultrasonics experimental procedure is employed utilizing normal incidence, rectangular piezoelectric transducers. Drawing on the results of previous theoretical studies, practical conclusions are drawn about the parameters of the inspection probe such as its frequency content, size, pressure distribution and incident angle to isolate as much as possible a particular mode from among the many possible modes of the structure. (Author). \(24) Published by Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339395 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53442 NT53442\(10) Laser Generated Ultrasonic Waves for Non Destructive Testing of Composites Materials, \(20) Guillois, F. Corbel, C. Royer, D. De Mol, R.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, LASER ULTRASONICS, FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, ELASTIC WAVES, THERMOELASTICITY, AIRCRAFT, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, ANISOTROPY.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composites Properties and Applications'; Proc. Ninth International Conf. on Composite Materials (ICCM/9); Madrid, Spain, 12-16 July 1993; Vol. VI; 803-810; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Usually Non Destructive Testing of fibre reinforced composite materials are based on ultrasonics, thermal, and holographics methods. A novel technique based on elastic wave generation by thermoelastic effect has been recently investigated for contactless inspection of aircraft composite structures. An evaluation of pulsed laser sources for the generation of transient bulk elastic waves in composite materials is presented. An experimental approach has been carried out to determine the ablation threshold of carbon/epoxy material. Unlike metallic materials, the fiber reinforced composites exhibit an intrinsic anisotropy due to the carbon fiber orientation. This anisotropy, which plays an important role in the elastic waves propagation, has been experimentally shown through directivity angular diagrams, and compared with theoretical diagrams to identify a self focusing effect. (Author).\(24) Published by Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339394 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53428 NT53428\(10) Non-Destructive Diagnostics for Iron Casting, \(20) Skrbek, B.\(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CZECH REPUBLIC, CAST IRON, ULTRASONIC TESTS, SOUND PROPAGATION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Metal '93: 2nd International Metallurgical Symposium; Ostrava, Czech Republic; 12-14 May 1993; 347-357; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Methods of measuring the rate of sound propagation and measuring the magnitude of residual magnetism for the purpose of assessing the structural and mechanical properties of localized parts of graphitic cast irons are discussed. Both the ultrasonic pulse method and the magnetic spot pole method are described. Within the framework of solving the problem, the relationship and marginal conditions for fast assessment of the structural parameters, hardness, tensile and strengths as well as the modulus of elasticity of the selected part of the castings were formulated. The study and verifying of the theory of boundary conditions of cast irons under tensile stresses revealed a procedure of ultrasonic sensing of the dynamic process, taking place within a cast iron body. The results are utilized in the development of modern castings where they have become an indispensable aid of the designer, whereupon they have gradually integrated into the inspection system of the metallurgical production. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Czech - order photocopy no. 9403-220255).\(9) na\(23) ADD339380 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53427 NT53427\(10) On-Line Quality Control in Thermal Spraying Using Sound Emission Analysis,\(20) Crostack, H.A. Reuss, G. Gath, T. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, THERMAL SPRAYING, QUALITY CONTROL.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in TS93: Thermal Spraying Conference; Aachen, Germany; 3-5 March 1993; 208-211; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Acoustic emission analysis was being used for quality control purposes of thermal sprayed coatings in order to gain detailed knowledge of the particle formation while on-line spraying. Through acoustic monitoring it has become possible to receive information on the amount of particles in the spraying stream and on the physical features like mass, velocity and viscosity of single particles. The results of a secondary examination of the particle velocity and particle diameter are in good correlation with the acoustic investigations. In this way it has become possible to use the acoustic emission analysis as an additional method for the regulation of the process parameters. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In German - order photocopy no. 9403-220267). \(9) na\(23) ADD339379 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53406 NT53406\(10) Present Status of Non-Destructive Examination at Chemical Plants, \(20) Yokono, Y. Imanaka, T. Yamaguchi, N. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION, LIQUID PENETRANT TESTS, ULTRASONICS, CREEP, CORROSION, FATIGUE(MECHANICS), HIGH TEMPERATURE, BARKHAUSEN NOISE.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Kogyo Zairyo'; 41,6; 1993; 115-122. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The importance of inspecting chemical plants' safety is self-explanatory. These are generally done based on government and various regulatory acts which also include shut down maintenance (SMD), and on-stream inspection (OSI). From structural point of view: plants have to be examined for fatigue, high temperature, and corrosion which are usually shown in the form of creep. Several methods such as ultrasonic pulse reflection, Magnetic Particle testing, and Liquid Penetrant testing are described. The examination results of few actual cases are plotted. Also, the use of electromagnetic BarkHausen Noise (BHN) is described. Nondestructive examination of metals (e.g. chromium molybdenum steels, carbon steels, austenitic stainless steels) is discussed.\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Japanese - order photocopy no. 9310-220833).\(9) na\(23) ADD339358 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53384 NT53384\(10) Photoacoustic Spectroscopy as an Analytical Tool to Investigate Internal Cavitation in Superplastic Alloys,\(20) Kim, H.C. Ahn, T.H. Langdon, T.G. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, KOREA, PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY, CAVITATION, ALLOYS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Metallographic Characterization of Metals after Welding, Processing and Service: Proc. 25th Annual Technical Meeting of International Metallographic Society'; 1992; 565-570; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Experiments were conducted to investigate whether it is feasible to use photoacoustic spectroscopy to detect the presence of cavities after superplastic deformation. The experiments were conducted on two different commercial aluminum-based alloys: (i) Supral 100 and (ii) an Al-Li alloy. The results show that the photoacoustic signal can be used to show that the photoacoustic signal can be used to detect the presence of internal cavitation and, in addition, there is reasonable agreement between the area fraction of cavities estimated from quantitative measurements and the volume fraction of cavities estimated from photoacoustic spectroscopy. (Author). \(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339336 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53375 NT53375\(10) Assessment of Tangential and Normal Stiffness of Contact Between Rough Surfaces Using Ultrasonic Method, \(20) Krolikowski, J. Szczepek, J. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, POLAND, ULTRASONICS, STIFFNESS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Wear'; 160,2; 1993; 253-258; 21 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The acoustic model of contact, previously proposed for longitudinal ultrasonic waves, was adopted for shear waves. It was found that the measurement of thephase shift of coefficient of reflection from the contact interface, taken both for shear and longitudinal ultrasonic waves of the same frequency, allows us to find the tangential to normal contact stiffness ratio for the contact tested. However, an analysis based on the Greenwood-Williamson model and the Hertz-Mindlin theory revealed that for a contact between rough surfaces with spherical asperities, the ratio of the tangential to the normal contact stiffness is independent of surface height distribution and is, moreover, equal to that ratio for an elementary contact. In order to verify the theoretical predictions, measurements of the phase shift of longitudinal and shear ultrasonic waves of frequency 10 MHz were carried out for the loaded contact (up to 300 MPa) between ground quartz samples. It appeared that the value of the tangential to normal contact stiffness ratio resulting from the ultrasonic measurements is fairly close to that predicted by the Hertz-Mindlin theory. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science S.A., P.O. Box 564, CH-1001 Lausanne 1, Switzerland.\(9) na\(23) ADD339333 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53359 NT53359\(10) Quality Assurance Techniques on Wire and Rod Products Using Non-Destructive Inspection,\(20) Fujiwara, T. Yamaguchi, H. Oda, Y. Kido, Y. Nishimine, T. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 13 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0371-411X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, NON-ENGLISH, QUALITY ASSURANCE, EDDY CURRENT TESTS, ULTRASONICS, MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION, MAGNETIC FLUX LEAKAGE, RODS, WIRE.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Sumitomo Met.'; 45,4; 1993; 77-89; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The non-destructive inspections (NDI) reported herein are used on steel wire and rod products at Sumitomo Metal Industry as a quality assurance technique. The products are used in important parts of automobiles and some types of machines. They must be highly reliable because they are later used under severe conditions. A series of thorough checks are therefore applied to their outer surface and internal core before shipment. Methods of surface inspection include magnetic particle inspection, eddy current inspection, and automatic magnetic leakage flux testing. The latest testing equipment is capable of detecting cracks as shallow as 0.1 mm in depth. As for internal core inspection, an ultrasonic test method is employed which is capable of finding inner defects in steel bars 0.3 mm in diameter. To eliminate human factors and raise inspection efficiency, automatic testing machines, such as those employed in the Sumitomo automatic magnetic inspection system, SAM have been developed. This system incorporates highly accurate microcoil sensors, a high resolution rotating eddy current testing machine, and a full cross-section covered ultrasonic testing machine. These NDI machines are put to effective use to guarantee a high grade quality in wire and bar products.\(24) Available from Photocopy Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Japanese). Order photocopy 9406-220531.\(9) na\(23) ADD339317 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53346 NT53346\(10) Determination of Positions of Reinforcing Bars in Reinforced Concrete by Backscattered Gamma Rays - II. Experimental and Monte Carlo Results, \(20) Tuzi, Shiro Sato, Otomaru \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0969-8043, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, REINFORCED CONCRETE, BACKSCATTERING, GAMMA RAYS, MONTE CARLO EFFECT.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Applied Radiation and Isotopes'; 44,10/11; 1993; 1279-1284; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper is the second of two parts. Part I comprised the method for determining positions of reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete by backscattered gamma rays using Ba-133 and Cs-137. From the backscattered counting rate obtained by scanning the surface of reinforced concrete, the spacing the size and the depth of the reinforcing bars can be determined. Part II discusses the results of new experiments and the Monte Carlo calculations. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK.\(9) na\(23) ADD339304 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53345 NT53345\(10) Combined Transmission and Scattering Tomographic Approach to Composition and Density Imaging, \(20) Prettyman, T.H. Gardner, R.P. Russ, J.C. Verghese, K. \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 15 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0969-8043, IMAGING, COMPOSITION(PROPERTY), DENSITY, TOMOGRAPHY, COMPTON SCATTERING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Applied Radiation and Isotopes'; 44,10/11; 1993; 1327-1341; 18 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A method of imaging the composition and density of industrial samples by combining information obtained from a transmission tomographic scanner and a projective Compton scatter imaging system is described. A reconstruction algorithm with attenuation and multiple scatter correction capabilities is developed around a detailed model of the Compton scatter imaging system. Monte Carlo simulation is used to generate realistic data for the determination of model parameters, the analysis and design of device components, and for testing the reconstruction algorithm. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK.\(9) na\(23) ADD339303 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53344 NT53344\(10) Time-Domain Ultrasonic NDE of the Wave Velocity of at Sub-Half-Wavelength Elastic Layer, \(20) Kinra, Vikram K. Zhu, Changyi \(11) 01 Jan 1993\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0090-3973, ULTRASONICS, WAVELENGTHS, WAVE VELOCITY, WAVE SPEED, ELASTIC LAYERS, TIME DOMAIN.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Testing and Evaluation'; 21,1; January 1993; 29-35; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The purpose of this paper is to report a new technique for ultrasonic NDE of the wavespeed of a sub-half wavelength layer (given its thickness) using only the time-domain information. The new technique was applied to aluminum plates with h/lambda ranging from 0.082 to 2.0 where h and lambda are the plate thickness and the nominal wavelength, respectively. A satisfactory comparison between the measured values and the nominal value was observed. (Author). \(24) Published by American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.\(9) na\(23) ADD339302 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53488 NT53488\(10) Design for Inspectability Program of New Nuclear Power Plants,\(20) Drinon, David Kurek, David Rishel, Rick \(11) 01 Dec 1992\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0892-2055, NUCLEAR POWER, POWER PLANTS, INSPECTION, INSERVICE INSPECTION, DESIGN.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nuclear Plant Journal'; 10,7; Nov-Dec 1992; 61-63,71; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The implementation of the design for inspectability concept using experienced ISI specialists in the various stages of system and component design assures that reliable NDE methods can be applied during the service life of new nuclear power generation plants. These NDE methods will allow plant owners to gain extensive knowledge about the integrity of their plant. (Author).\(24) Published by EQES, Inc., Bldg. 6, Ste. 208, 799 Roosevelt Road, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137. \(9) na\(23) ADD339440 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53420 NT53420\(10) Instrumental Determination of Boron in Zirconium, \(20) Medvedev, A.B. Rudenko, V.S. Malyukov, E.E. Bondarenko, Yu. I.\(11) 01 Dec 1992\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1063-4258, NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, BORON, ZIRCONIUM.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Atomnaya Energiya'; 73,6; December 1992; 497-498; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Possibilities of neutron-absorption method for determination of boron content in the volume of zirconium samples and on their surface with application of charged particles are studied. Nondestructive nuclear-physical methods make it possible to analyze Zr within the wide range of its content both in the volume and on the surface of Zr samples and products. The proposed neutron-absorption method is recommended for application by volumetric analysis of powder-similar Zr samples. Deuteron activation enables analysis of B content in the sample surface by alpha-particles of radionuclide source in products. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220326). \(9) na\(23) ADD339372 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53413 NT53413\(10) Experimental Investigation of Metal Surface Reflectivity for Ultrasonic Signals, \(20) Kryukov, I.I. \(11) 01 Dec 1992\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, ULTRASONIC SIGNALS, SURFACES, REFLECTIVITY.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 12; December 1992; 9-12; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The paper deals with experimental studies into the metal surface reflectivity for ultrasonic signals. The metal surfaces are widely used as the reflectors in different materials testing devices. The experimental facilities used are described. The plates made of pearlite and stainless steels, aluminum, brass and copper were examined. The measurements were realized by means of the UD-2 defectoscope at 2.5 MHz frequency. The laser beam reflection was used for comparison. The results obtained have shown that the metal surface reflectivity greatly depens on the surface finishing purity and the metal structure. High and low temperatures also affect the ultrasonic reflectivity. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220344). \(9) na\(23) ADD339365 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53412 NT53412\(10) Comparative Analysis of Shadow Methods in Ultrasonic Materials Testing,\(20) Kryukov, I.I. \(11) 01 Dec 1992\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, ULTRASONICS, SHADOW.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 12; December 1992; 13-23; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The paper deals with the results of comparative analysis of the acoustic channels for amplitude, time, and amplitude - time shadow ultrasonic materials testing equipment. It is shown that the sensitivity of the amplitude shadow method is greater than that for the time shadow one at the same transducer sizes and other conditions. This difference is greater, the larger is transducer dimensions. The sensitivity of the amplitude-time method corresponds to that of the amplitude method when testing homogeneous materials. The amplitude-time method has certain advantages when testing the structurally heterogeneous materials. The gain in sensitivity in this case is determined by the fact that the test level functionally depends on time parameter. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220345). \(9) na\(23) ADD339364 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53411 NT53411\(10) Hardness Testing of Rail Welded Joints by the Acoustic Method,\(20) Kovalenko, A.V. Lebedev, A.A. \(11) 01 Dec 1992\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, ACOUSTIC PULSING, WELDED JOINTS, RAIL.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 12; December 1992; 40-44; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The results of testing the rail welded joint hardness using the method based on correlation between the ultrasonic wave propagation velocity and physical-mechanical properties of the materials tested, are discussed. The ISP-12 tester realizing the method discussed operates according to the autocirculation scheme. A short acoustic pulse passed through the article tested is supplied again to the transmitting piezoelectric transducer. The results obtained have shown that the used acoustic method gives an opportunity to create the system of active control, which changes the technical parameters of the hardening process via feedback. \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220347). \(9) na\(23) ADD339363 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53410 NT53410\(10) Acoustic Emission Testing in Quality Control of the Steel - Titanium Bimetal Produced by the Explosion Welding,\(20) Kuznetsov, B.A.\(11) 01 Dec 1992\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, QUALITY CONTROL, STEEL, TITANIUM, EXPLOSIVE WELDING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 12; December 1992; 44-49; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The results of acoustic emission testing of the bimetal samples produced by the explosion welding under different conditions are given. The tests were made immediately after welding, some time later under local heating and in the process of sample bending tests. The results obtained have shown that the acoustic emission testing method can be successfully used for nondestructive examination in the process of the explosion welding regime optimization, as well as for the bimetal structure control under industrial conditions. The acoustic emission testing method is more sensitive as compared with the ultrasonic technique. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220347). \(9) na\(23) ADD339362 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53409 NT53409\(10) Holographic Equipment for Nondestructive Testing of Metal Articles,\(20) Beigul, G.I. Moiseenko, V.I. Plyuta, L.M. \(11) 01 Dec 1992\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, HOLOGRAPHY, METALS, METALLURGY.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 12; December 1993; 66-70; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The paper deals with the problems of designing the holographic equipment for metal article nondestructive examination. The main difficulties in the holographic technique application in metallurgy are connected with large article sizes and weights, absence of the methods for automation of the holographic interference pattern acquisition and interpretation, as well as with vibration and temperature effects under industrial conditions. The problems of pulse laser utilization in holographic systems are also discussed. The device, which gives an opportunity to record holographs at time periods when vibrational and other noises are absent, is suggested. (Author). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220349). \(9) na\(23) ADD339361 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53408 NT53408\(10) Eddy Current Testing of Conductivity and Permeability of Articles Made of Soft Magnetic Materials,\(20) Polyakov, V.V. Egorov, A.V. \(11) 01 Dec 1992\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, EDDY CURRENT TESTS, MAGNETIC MATERIALS, CONDUCTIVITY, PERMEABILITY.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 12; December 1992; 78-80; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The paper deals with the problem of conductivity and permeability control in the process of manufacturing the articles of soft magnetic materials. The eddy current method for testing the articles of arbitrary shape is suggested. The method is based on independent measurements at high and low frequencies using an applied eddy current transducer. The schematic diagram of the measuring device is given. The measurements were made for samples of pure iron and nickel, as well as for those of porous iron with different porosity degree. The results obtained are in good agreement with the other experimental data. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220351). \(9) na\(23) ADD339360 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53407 NT53407\(10) Method for Nondestructive Control of Magnetic Properties of Anisotropic Electrical-Sheet Steel,\(20) Zhuravskii, A.G. Slauta, S.P. Zubrilin, F.A.\(11) 01 Dec 1992\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, ANISOTROPY, STEEL, THICKNESS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 12; December 1992; 85-89; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This paper deals with the problem of certification tests of the produced anisotropic electrical-sheet steel. The applicability of indirect methods for the steel quality control using the nondestructive examination techniques is discussed. The interconnection between the character of magnetic induction distribution in the plane of the anisotropic steel sheet and the value of its specific losses was revealed. Its applicability for the steel testing in the process of manufacturing has been confirmed. The signal proportional to the material magnetic anisotropy is used with the highest efficiency, when the sheet thickness is known.\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220352). \(9) na\(23) ADD339359 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53402 NT53402\(10) Reproducibility Testing Adhesive Strength,\(20) Barbehon, J. \(11) 01 Dec 1992\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, ADHESIVE STRENGTH, PEEL TESTS, POLYMERS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Metalloberflache'; 46,12; December 1992; 546-552; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The adhesive tape peel test is widely used in determining the adhesive strength of metallic layers (i.e. aluminum, copper, nickel, zinc, Cu-Ni) on polymers. A drawback of the method is that, being carried out mostly by hand, it is not reproducible. The influence of different materials and test parameters on the effective peel force required is determined, and the peel forces on metallic layers deposited on polymer surfaces by different methods are measured. The test methods are described and results are discussed and evaluated, and recommendations for objectivisation of the peel test are made. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In German). Order photocopy no. 9306-220402. \(9) na\(23) ADD339354 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53388 NT53388\(10) Piping System Inspection and Testing: Managing the Massive Results, Records, and Reports, \(20) Singh, G.P. Steinke, D.A. \(11) 01 Dec 1992\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NUCLEAR POWER, POWER PLANTS, PIPING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nuclear Plant Journal'; 10,7; November-December 1992; 58-59,71; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Assurance that power plant piping systems are structurally acceptable is best accomplished through a formalized NDT program. A formalized program relies on the complete documentation of all inspection results so that future inspection activities can be justified and planned in an optimized manner. Results are analyzed to identify damaged locations so that repeat inspections can be performed before a failure or rupture is experienced. An innovative computerized NDT data management system has been created to directly tie the inspection results to system and component drawings. This visual presentation methodology fosters thorough data interpretation and characterization for achieving engineering judgements that are not achievable when only tabular data is viewed. This computer software system is being applied to complex plant piping systems to manage NDT data pertinent for damage assessments and for planning inspection activities. Cost savings are being realized through reduced manhours for recording inspection results and for reporting inspection actions. (Author).\(24) Published by EQES, Inc., Bldg 6, Ste. 208, 799 Roosevelt Rd., Glen Ellyn, IL 60137.\(9) na\(23) ADD339340 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53365 NT53365\(10) CRDM Nozzle Inspection,\(20) Selby, Steve P. Brooks, Wanda E. \(11) 01 Dec 1992\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0892-2055, PRESSURIZED WATER REACTORS, NUCLEAR POWER, INCONEL, CRACKS, NOZZLES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nuclear Plant Journal'; 10,7; November-December 1992; 56-57,60. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Article describes the NDT techniques used in the inspection of CRDM (control rod drive mechanism) nozzles. These techniques include: blade probe eddy current, deep-penetrating eddy-current, surface eddy-current, ultrasonics, dye penetrant, and visual inspection. (NTIAC).\(24) Published by EQES, Inc., Bldg. 6, Ste. 208, 799 Roosevelt Road, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137. \(9) na\(23) ADD339323 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53794 NT53794\(10) Characterization of Welded and Solder Joints, \(20) Hanisch, M. Scholtz, Th. \(11) 01 Nov 1992\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, NON-ENGLISH, SOLDERED JOINTS, WELDED JOINTS, CHARACTERIZATION, X RAYS, METALLOGRAPHY, MICROANALYSIS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Proc. Conf. Brazing, High Temperature Brazing and Diffusion Welding'; Aachen, Germany, 24-26 Nov. 1992; 156-158. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) By means of some selected examples it will be shown how metallographical, microanalytical and x-ray methods contribute to the characterization of the quality of welded and solder joints. (Editor). \(24) Order from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In German - order no. 199601-24-0014).\(9) na\(23) ADD339702 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53485 NT53485\(10) Automatic Thickness Measuring System by Image Processing for Brake Shoes of Traveling Rolling Stock, \(20) Sato, Hitoshi Nishii, Hisao Adachi, Shigetoshi\(11) 01 Nov 1992\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0388-9475, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, BRAKES, RAILROAD CARS, THICKNESS, AUTOMATION, MEASUREMENT, IMAGE PROCESSING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Kawasaki Steel Technical Report No. 27; November 1992; 77-83; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An automatic system for measuring the thickness of brake shoes on moving rolling stock was developed using a unique image processing technique. Initially, more than 80 brake shoes on a series of moving cars were photographed stroboscopically as reference (memory) images. The positions of the shoes were then extracted and the remaining thickness of the shoes was automatically measured across a 60-mm width with a resolution of 1 mm and an accuracy of +/- 3 mm. This information was incorporated in the system data base. The system makes it possible to estimate the interval between shoes changes and contributes to more efficient inspection and expendables control. A unique algorithm was developed for the system, permitting the extraction of shoe images regardless of their position within the picture and reconstruction of the outline of the shoe which may be obscured by dirt. A multi-purpose image processor, Dr. IMAGE, which was also developed by Kawasaki Steel, plays an important part in this labor saving automatic system.\(24) Published by Kawasaki Steel Corp., Hibiya Kokusai Bldg., 2-2-3 Uchisaiwai-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100, Japan. \(9) na\(23) ADD339438 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53405 NT53405\(10) Highly Sensitive Eddy-Current Crack Testing, \(20) Mook, G. Schmidt, A.\(11) 01 Nov 1992\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, EDDY CURRENT TESTS, CRACKS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Ingenieur Werkstoffe'; 4,11; November 1992; 38-39. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Main features and objectives of a sensitive eddy-current testing station using the Elotest B1 equipment (Rohmann) with 3-D scanner, and static and dynamic parameter selection, are described. Sensitivity of the station was tested with nickel-alloy test pieces, 0.1-0.3 mm long, with hairline cracks. Resulting eddy-current diagrams are shown. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In German - order photocopy no. 9310-220847). \(9) na\(23) ADD339357 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53403 NT53403\(10) Procedures: Non-Destructive Material Testing - Without Break or Scratch, \(20) Ferretti, M. \(11) 01 Nov 1992\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, VISUAL INSPECTION, FORGINGS, WELDS, MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION, ULTRASONIC TESTS, EDDY CURRENT TESTS, INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY, RADIOGRAPHY, ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Industrie-Anzeiger'; 114,49; 30 November 1992; 60-62,64. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Non-destructive tests discussed comprise visual examination of parts, forgings, and welds. These tests include: magnetic particle, ultrasonic tests, eddy current tests, photothermic wave measurements, inductive probing of bore holes, infrared thermography, radiography, radiographic tomography, and acoustic microscopy. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In German). Order photocopy no. 9310-220856. \(9) na\(23) ADD339355 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53395 NT53395\(10) Ultrasonic Evaluation of Spot Welds with a Focussed Probe,\(20) Satonaka, S. Yokomine, K. \(11) 01 Nov 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ULTRASONICS, SPOT WELDS, FOCUSEDPROBES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Q.J. Jpn Weld. Soc.; 10,4; November 1992; 39-46; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Weld quality of spot welds was examined by a newly developed ultrasonic testing with a focussed probe. This method is based on the composite effects of convergence of the ultrasonic beam and attenuation of reflected waves due to the multiple reflection, and the back wall echo in the welded region is distinguished from the interface echo in the faying surface. The weld quality and weld size were evaluated by the parallel line scannings over the spot weld of stainless steels and mild steels. In the scanning graphs of sound spot weld, the periphery of spot weld is given by the sharp minimum pattern and the welded region is represented by the protrusive pattern surrounded by the sharp minima. When the spot weld includes the expulsion, crack, and shrinkage cavity or blow hole in the welded region, different patterns appear in the scanning graphs. The expulsion gives lower echo height region linearly distributed around the protrusive pattern, and the crack and shrinkage cavity give the depressed and small protrusive pattern in the protrusive one. Besides, irregular shaped nugget and mechanical or solid bonding interspersed around the welded region are evaluated by the irregular and banded shape of minimum pattern, respectively. These patterns were confirmed by the macroscopic observation of fracture surface. The imaging technique was also developed for the two-dimensional representation of nugget and shrinkage cavity, from which the diameter and area of nugget were measured. (Author).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Japanese). Order photocopy no. 9307-220530. \(9) na\(23) ADD339347 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53519 NT53519\(10) Acoustic Method for Testing of the Welded Joints with Lining, \(20) Lantukh, V.M. \(11) 01 Oct 1992\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, WELDED JOINTS, ACOUSTICS, PIPELINES, LINERS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 10; October 1992; 71-75; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The technology of pipeline butt and corner welded joints manufacturing using the lining rings or plates is widely applied in power equipment mounting and repair. The paper deals with the problems of the noise signal separation when using the acoustic methods for austenite steel article testing. The method giving an opportunity to exclude the echo-signals from lining or the edge of the metal deposited in the clearance between the lining and the main metal outside the working area on the testing devices screen, is suggested. The method realization provides for the metal testing result reliability improvement. (Author).\(24) Available from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 199502-22-0149).\(9) na\(23) ADD339467 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53515 NT53515\(10) High Frequency Ultrasonic Cartography Applied to Steel Inclusion Cleanliness Evaluation, \(20) Courouble, B. Haddad, A. Aubry, B. Moufle, J.P. Baudry, G.\(11) 01 Oct 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ULTRASONICS, ULTRASONIC CARTOGRAPHY, STEEL, MANUFACTURING, PROCESS CONTROL, CLEANLINESS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Revue de Metallurgie'; Cahiers d'Informations Techniques'; 89,10; October 1992; 857-864. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The steel industry needs efficient NDT techniques to evaluate the quality of its production. Ultrasonic methods are a good solution to detect internal defects on line or in laboratories. But conventional ultrasonic testing systems with probing frequency\(24) Published by Revue de Metallurgie, Elysees La Defense, 19 le Parvis Cedex 35, 92072 Paris la Defense, France. \(9) na\(23) ADD339463 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53397 NT53397\(10) Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Evaluation of Materials and its Prospects, \(20) DE Belleval, J.F. Mercier, N.\(11) 01 Oct 1992\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ULTRASOUND, ECHOES, MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Revue de Metallurgie; Memories et Etudes Scientifiques; 89,10; October 1992; 623-631; 26 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) More and more, laboratories and industries resort to non-destructive testing for the control of processes, quality, maintenance, etc. Their formerly simply qualitative role (defect detection) has become quantitative. Ultrasonic methods are developing and are sometimes more advantageous than the X-rays they tend to replace. The evaluation using ultrasound is described, especially echography, its methods, its evolution, improvement of the equipment used, and prospects for the future. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In French). Order photocopy no. 9307-220494.\(9) na\(23) ADD339349 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53396 NT53396\(10) MASCOTTE: Analytical Model of Eddy Current Signals,\(20) Delsarte, G. Lvy, R.\(11) 01 Oct 1992\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, EDDY CURRENTS, MODELS(SIMULATIONS), NUCLEAR INDUSTRY, PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY, TUBING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Revue de Metallurgie; Memories et Etudes Scientifiques; 89,10; October 1992; 653-658. (Copies not avaiable from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Tube examination is a major application of the eddy current technique in the nuclear and petrochemical industries. Such examination configurations being specially adapted to analytical modes, a physical model is developed on portable computers. It includes simple approximations made possible by the effective conditions of the examinations. The eddy current signal is described by an analytical formulation that takes into account the tube dimensions, the sensor conception, the physical characteristics of the defect and the examination parameters. Moreover, the model makes it possible to associate real signals and simulated signals. \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In French). Order photocopy no. 9307-220495.\(9) na\(23) ADD339348 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53394 NT53394\(10) Acoustic Emission of Pressure Vessels During Strength Proof Test: Tests on Specimens and Vessels in Austenitic Stainless Steel, \(20) Cherfaoui, M. Colin, J.C. Carpreau, J.M. Chretien, J.F.\(11) 01 Oct 1992\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0245-8292, NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, PRESSURE VESSELS, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, AUSTENITE, STAINLESS STEEL.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Revue de Metallurgie'; Memorires et Etudes Scientifiques; 89,10; October 1992; 659-669; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Manufacturers of compressed gas cylinders, accumulators, or large pressure vessels would like to see the hydraulic proof test replaced by a pneumatic test, with safety being ensured by suitable instrumentation. Acoustic emission is an emerging technique. Monsanto is developing the procedure in the U.S., while the Air Liquide Company is undertaking research in France. CETIM is collaborating with the latter to investigate the possibility of replacing the hydraulic proof test on very large pressure vessel in ferritic and austenitic steel by a pneumatic test monitored by acoustic emission. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In French). Order photocopy no. 9307-220532.\(9) na\(23) ADD339346 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53415 NT53415\(10) Guasistationary EMA Transformation of Zero Modes of Lamb's Waves in Plates (Oscillation Generation), \(20) Komarov, V.A. Pakhomov, P.A.\(11) 01 Jul 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, LAMB WAVES, ELECTROMAGNETICS, ACOUSTICS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 7; July 1992; 34-41; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The process of direct electromagnetic-acoustic (EMA) transformation in well-conducting ferromagnetic plates was studied analytically. The theory of the Lamb wave zero mode generation for different mechanisms of the transformation of the quasi-stationary electromagnetic field induced by a two-dimensional source of an arbitrary configuration along the plane of the air/metal interface, into elastic vibrations, is discussed. The formulae for determination of the combination of the material macroscopic characteristics, the plate thickness and transformation frequency, at which the field transformation is the most efficient one, are derived. The conclusion on the applicability of the technique based on EMA transformation for contactless nondestructive examination of solids, is made. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220334). \(9) na\(23) ADD339367 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53414 NT53414\(10) Estimation of Quality of Nitriding of Steel Articles with Dynamic Method, \(20) Brovtsyn, A.K.\(11) 01 Jul 1992\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0130-3082, NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, STEEL, NITRIDES, VICKERS HARDNESS TESTS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 7; July 1992; 42-47; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The paper deals with the problem of hardness testing for steel article hardened layers after nitriding. The analysis of the agreement of the measurement results obtained by means of the TPTs-2 shock-type hardness gauge with the values of the Vickers hardness numbers is made. The steel 40 Kh samples nitrided in the carbomide base melt at 570 C with treatment duration of 1-20 h, were studied. Bi-layer analysis of the nitrided samples was made. The curve characterizing the relation between the TPTs-2 hardness gauge readings and the steel static hardness, is given. The conclusion on this curve applicability for samples treated in the melt during 2-5 h, is made. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220335). \(9) na\(23) ADD339366 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53478 NT53478\(10) Nonlinear Shear Waves in Granular Medium, \(20) Bogdanov, A.N. Skvortsov, A.T.\(11) 01 Jun 1992\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0038-562X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, SHEAR WAVES, GRAIN STRUCTURES(METALLURGY), NONLINEAR.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Soviet Physics Acoustics'; 38,3; May-June 1992; 224-226; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Propagation of nonlinear shear waves in a granular medium which is a compressed cubic packing of elastic spheres of the same diameter is considered. The nonlinear character of shear waves in such a medium is shown to be determined to a a large extent by the nonlinear character of the contact between the spheres. The equations for low and high frequency disturbances are obtained for the case under consideration. It has been shown that the low frequency, soliton-like disturbances are described by the Boussinesq equations. (Author).\(24) Published by American Institute of Physics, One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740-3843. \(9) na\(23) ADD339430 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53382 NT53382\(10) Formulation of the Fundamental Problem of Acoustic Emission Theory for Solids with Dispersion and Attenuation,\(20) Natsik, V.D. Chishko, K.A. \(11) 01 Jun 1992\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0038-562X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UKRAINE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, ATTENUATION, SOLIDS, DISPERSION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Soviet Physics Acoustics'; 38,3; May-June 1992; 279-283; 23 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The previously developed theory of elementary acoustic emission processes in ideal elastic media is generalized to the case of dispersive and dissipative media. The fundamental equation of the theory is derived, relating the acoustic fields of emission sources of arbitary physical origin to the space-time evolution of spontaneous deformations describing the structural transformations in the source and to the complex elastic moduli characterizing the dispersion and attenuation of acoustic waves. A wave asymptotic form of the solution of this equation is constructed, where the acoustic fields are expressed in terms of the elastic dipole moment of the emission source. The emission from a solitary dislocation loop in a viscoelastic medium without spatial dispersion is analyzed as a specific example of how the general scheme is implemented. (Author).\(24) Published by American Institute of Physics, One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740. \(9) na\(23) ADD339334 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53374 NT53374\(10) Piezoelectric Acoustic Pulse Receiver Using a New Oriented Film Material, \(20) Dorozhkin, L.M. Doroshenko, V.S. Karabutov, A.A. Lazarev, V.V. Matrosov, M.P.\(11) 01 Jun 1992\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, PIEZOELECTRICITY, ACOUSTIC PULSING, RECEIVERS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Soviet Physics Acoustics'; 38,3; May/June 1992; 254-257; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The design of a wideband acoustic pulse receiver using a newly developed oriented piezoelectric film material is reported. It is established that the receiver has a sensitivity of 1 microV/Pa in the pressure range 10000 - 10 to the 7th power Pa. Its response time is fast enough to reconstruct acoustic wavefronts having a duration <=10ms.Itisshownthatthenewpiezoelectricfilmmaterialsurpassessimilarmediainmanyofitscharacteristics.(Author).< \(24) Published by American Institute of Physics, One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740. \(9) na\(23) ADD339332 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53418 NT53418\(10) Experience of Using of Barkhausen Effect for Testing of Tensile in Articles Made of High Durability Steel,\(20) Filinov, V.V. Reznikov, Yu Vagin, A.V. Kuznetsov, N.S.\(11) 01 May 1992\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0130-3082, NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, BARKHAUSEN EFFECT, TENSILE TESTS, STEEL.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 5; May 1992; 17-20; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The conditions of application of Barkhausen effect method to nondestructive testing of stresses in ferromagnetic material articles under full-scale production were considered. One of the ways of solving this problem was shown to be testing of stressed state level of thin-walled cylindrical envelopes of EP836 high-tensile maraging steel (Ni-W-Co alloy system). It included the following complex of measures: the stability of mechanical treatment conditions; the preliminary testing of articles for identicity in structure and mechanical properties; the development of special equipment for testing under full-scale production; the usage of float system of testing procedure; the corrosion cracking test of articles with maximum root-mean-square value of magnetic noises e.m.f. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220330). \(9) na\(23) ADD339370 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53417 NT53417\(10) Complex Testing of 12Kh1MF Steel Grade at Technical Diagnosis of Metal Used in Energetic Machinery,\(20) Bugaj, N.B. Lebedev, A.A. Sharko, A.V. \(11) 01 May 1992\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, POWER PLANTS, STEEL, ACOUSTICS, ELECTROMAGNETICS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 5; May 1992; 47-53; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) For emergency provision of metal structures of power-generating plant the technique for combined assessment of metal strength by three nondestructive testing (NT) methods was developed. At that, the strength characteristic under testing was analytically determined by multiple regression equation connecting the results of NT by acoustic, electromagnetic and ensample methods. The results of combined tensile strength (TS) NT of steam lines of 12Kh1MF steel during overhaul of 9 power plants were presented as well as rupture testing (RT). The correlation coefficients between NT results and those of RT were given. The linear relation between TS and measured electrophysical properties was marked. The error in determining the TS using multiple regression equation was 30 MPa. The introduction of combined testing reduced the extent of random rupture test by 70-80%. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220332). \(9) na\(23) ADD339369 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53416 NT53416\(10) Equipment for Definition of Dynamic Elastic Constant and Inner Friction, \(20) Glukhov, N.A. Fatkullin, F.F.\(11) 01 May 1992\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, ELASTIC CONSTANTS, FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS, RESONANCE, INTERNAL FRICTION.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 5; May 1992; 57-61; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The installation for measuring longitudinal ultrasonic oscillation rate and internal friction in ferromagnetic materials by resonance method was developed. The installation was operated under free-running and did not require any additional adjustment. The measurement error was not worse than 1%. The installation was used for measuring parameters affecting the measurement accuracy (bias field value, sample fixation precision, temperature effect and Poisson's ratio). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220333). \(9) na\(23) ADD339368 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53419 NT53419\(10) Nondestructive Testing of Intercrystalline Corrosion in Thin-Sheet Materials, \(20) Prikhod'ko, V.N. Kirillova, L.G. Fedorishin, V.V. \(11) 01 Apr 1992\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, CORROSION, STEEL, SHEETS, ULTRASONICS, ELECTROMAGNETICS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 4; April 1992; 20-28; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The results of ultrasonic and electromagnetic methods application for nondestructive study of intercrystalline corrosion in thin steel sheets, are discussed. The samples of the 12Kh18Ni10Ti steel 0.8, 0.5, and 0.1 mm thick were used for testing. The results obtained have shown the electromagnetic method applicability for measuring the depth of intercrystalline corrosion in the cases, when the corrosion penetration corresponds to 0.5-1.0 of the steel grain diameter. In order to decrease the effect of sample surface roughness on the measurement accuracy it is reasonable to increase the frequency of electromagnetic oscillations > 5.3 MHz. The sample thickness, metal grain size, iron-alpha content and surface roughness influence the measurement accuracy. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220328). \(9) na\(23) ADD339371 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53383 NT53383\(10) Wideband Ultrasonic Spectroscopy of Ceramic Materials by Means of a Laser Sound Generator,\(20) Karabutov, A.A. Matrosov, M.P. Podymova, N.B.\(11) 01 Apr 1992\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0038-562X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, ULTRASONIC SPECTROSCOPY, CERAMIC MATERIALS, LASERS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Soviet Physics Acoustics'; 38,2; March-April 1992; 194-195; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Ultrasonic investigations of heterogeneous media, ceramics in particular, require not only high acoustic intensities, but also a sufficiently broad band of acoustic frequencies in view of the strong dispersion of the attenuation coefficient and sound velocity. When conventional piezoelectric transducers are used to broaden the frequency band, various technical accessories must be incorporated into the mechanical and electrical parts of the transducer. An alternate approach is finding ever-increasing acceptance in the form of opto-acoustic conversion of the energy of laser pulses through the energy of thermal expansion of an absorbing surface into the energy of short acoustic video pulses, whose spectrum is related to the spectrum of the envelope of the light intensity through the transfer function K(f) squared. High intensity, the feasibility of readjusting the parameters of the optoacoustic array and moving it over the surface, noncontacting operation, and other advantages make sound sources of this kind highly attractive for applications in nondestructive testing, physical acoustics, etc. (Author).\(24) Published by American Institute of Physics, One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740. \(9) na\(23) ADD339335 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53523 NT53523\(10) Nondestructive Testing of Cutting Tools Thermal Firmness, \(20) Bochenin, V.I.\(11) 01 Feb 1992\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, TAJIKISTAN, CUTTING TOOLS, THERMAL DEGRADATION, STEEL.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 2; February 1992; 3-6; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The method for nondestructive determination of instrument thermal firmness under working conditions, is suggested. The method is based on detection of tungsten characteristic K-radiation. The x-ray fluorescence of tungsten, which is a component of high-speed tool steel and which concentration changes under heating, is excited by gamma photons emitted by 57Co (E=123 kev, activity is 10 to the 8th Bq). The method was used for testing milling cutters made of steels R12 and R6M5. The time of strength loss degree measurement of instruments of different size depending on working time and conditions. (Author). \(24) Available from Document Delivery Service, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 199502-22-0130).\(9) na\(23) ADD339471 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53598 NT53598\(10) Experimental Approach of Damage Evolution in GRP Pipes by Application of the CARP Procedure for Acoustic Emission Monitoring, \(20) Yrieix, M.C. Boveyron, C. Herve, C. Cherfaoui, M. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, GLASS FIBER REINFORCED POLYESTER, PIPES, VINYLESTER, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, VISCOELASTICITY.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in ECCM-CTS; European Conference on Composites Testing and Standardisation; Amsterdam, Netherlands; September 8-10, 1992; 539-548; 1 ref. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Qualification tests following the CARP procedure (ASTM E 1118) have been performed on glass fiber reinforced polyester and vinylester pipes, in as-received conditions, containing impacts and intentionally introduced manufacturing defects. These tests show that the CARP procedure can be used for conservative detection of defects and evaluation of their noxiousness towards internal pressure. Complementary tests, correlated with damage measurement, indicate the information given by the different criteria, and show the importance of viscoelastic properties of the matrix. A statistical method has been used for the results analysis.\(24) Published by European Association for Composite Materials, 2 Place de la Bourse, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.\(9) na\(23) ADD339533 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53597 NT53597\(10) Evaluation of NDT Techniques for SiCp/Al Composites, \(20) Liu, S. Rawlings, R.D.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, COMPOSITES, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS, C-SCAN, ULTRASONICS, RADIOGRAPHY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in ECCM-CTS; European Conference on Composites Testing and Standardisation; Amsterdam, Netherlands; September 8-10, 1992; 531-538; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The ability of Nondestructive Testing (NDT) techniques to detect damage produced by indentation of a particulate Silicon-Carbide reinforced Aluminum-Copper alloy (18vol% SiCp/Al) has been assessed. The NDT techniques evaluated were acoustic emission (AE), acousto-ultrasonic (AU), C-scan ultrasonic (CSUT) and radiography (RT). The results of the study show that every investigated NDT method is capable of detecting one or two types of indentation damage but no single NDT method is suitable for all types of defects and anomalies. It follows that in metal matrix composites NDT methods should be selected for specific inspection purposes. (Author).\(24) Published by European Association for Composite Materials, 2 Place de la Bourse, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.\(9) na\(23) ADD339532 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53596 NT53596\(10) Measurement of Poisson's Ratio for Structural Foam Material by Speckle Interferometry,\(20) Tatasciore, P. Meyer-Piening, H.R.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, SWITZERLAND, POISSONS RATIO, SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY, FOAM, SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in ECCM-CTS; European Conference on Composites Testing and Standardisation; Amsterdam, Netherlands; September 8-10, 1992; 521-530; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Poisson's ratio (nu) of structural foams can be determined by speckle interferometry. This optical method is first theoretically described by its mathematical background and then followed by a few practical measurements on structural foam materials of the type of Airex R62.80/9/ and Styrofoam /10/. Test results are presented in the form of a table. The dimensioning of sandwich structures implementing structural foam requires a fair knowledge of the value of Poisson's ratio (nu), in addition to Young's modulus E and the shear modulus G. Due to the complex structure of the foam, isotropic relations such as G = E/(2+2(nu)) are not necessarily valid. Under customary tests structural foams show a non-conventional behavior (non-linearity of the constitutive laws, creeping, etc.) making the determination of Poisson's ratio difficult. Application of speckle interferometry allows to solve this problem by providing data quickly and reliably. (Author).\(24) Published by European Association for Composite Materials, 2 Place de la Bourse, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.\(9) na\(23) ADD339531 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53595 NT53595\(10) Evaluation of the 3D Microstructure of Fibre Reinforced Composites by Image Analysis, \(20) Clarke, A. Davidson, N. Archenhold, G. Fischer, G. Ludwig, C.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, THREE DIMENSIONAL, MICROSTRUCTURE, IMAGE ANALYSIS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in ECCM-CTS; European Conference on Composites Testing and Standardisation; Amsterdam, Netherlands; September 8-10, 1992; 511-520; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) High quality data on the 3D spatial distributions of glass and carbon fibres in fibre reinforced composites are important for both process control and the modeling of the mechanical and thermal properties of composites. In recent years, image analysers have been used by numerous research groups to estimate the fibre orientation parameters. Intrinsic instrumentation errors are discussed and some remedies are proposed. Recent advances in low cost parallel processing and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) systems will soon be able to provide high precision orientation data. (Author).\(24) Published by European Association for Composite Materials, 2 Place de la Bourse, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.\(9) na\(23) ADD339530 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53594 NT53594\(10) Guidelines for Non-Destructive Testing on Composite Materials Based Upon 'Tailor Made' Flaw-Noxiousness Charts of a Structural Part Using Finite Element Techniques, \(20) Triay, C. Saldanha, S. Jouan, D. Brevet, R.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS, FLAW CLASSIFICATION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in ECCM-CTS; European Conference on Composites Testing and Standardisation; Amsterdam, Netherlands; September 8-10, 1992; 503-509; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The concept of 'tailor made' flaw-noxiousness charts has primarily been developed as a basic tool for qualifying and quantifying the harmfulness level of flaws in a structure. The use of finite elements, fracture mechanics, plasticity theory and failure criteria for composite materials are taken into consideration. The charts result from an expert system which evaluates a threshold level by zone as guidelines for the acceptance of a part for a specific function. These charts serve as reliable foundations when performing non destructive tests, but they have to be validated by comparing results obtained from destructive\(24) Published by European Association for Composite Materials, 2 Place de la Bourse, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.\(9) na\(23) ADD339529 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53593 NT53593\(10) Measuring Propagation of Delaminations in CFRP-Laminates by Moire Technique, \(20) Hansel, C. Eberle, K.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, DELAMINATION, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC, MOIRE EFFECTS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in ECCM-CTS; European Conference on Composites Testing and Standardisation; Amsterdam, Netherlands; September 8-10, 1992; 417-424; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Delaminations in carbonfiber-reinforced laminates will be encountered in the manufacturing process as well as after impact. Especially dynamic loading is dangerous for delaminated structures. Dynamic service loads damage the interfaces between plies due to matrix cracks and periodical buckling of the sublaminate causes the delamination edge to propagate. The moire technique is well suited to monitor delamination behavior during fatigue tests by measuring out-of-plane deformations of delaminated areas. Using the buckled shape combined with numerical methods the edge of delamination can be determined although it is not visible on the specimens surface. Comparing results of this method with X-ray photographs shows good agreement. (Author). \(24) Published by European Association for Composite Materials, 2 Place de la Bourse, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.\(9) na\(23) ADD339528 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53592 NT53592\(10) Crack Propagation in Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials Analysed with In-Situ Microfocal X-Ray Radiography and Simultaneous Acoustic Emission Monitoring, \(20) Flueler, P. Brunner, A.J. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, SWITZERLAND, CRACK PROPAGATION, FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, MICROFOCUS X RAYS, X RAY RADIOGRAPHY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in ECCM-CTS; European Conference on Composites Testing and Standardisation; Amsterdam, Netherlands; September 8-10, 1992; 385-394; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Real-time in-situ X-ray imaging and simultaneous acoustic emission monitoring have been used to investigate crack formation and crack propagation in standardized 'Double Cantilever Beam' specimens subject to mode I loading. The x-ray images are recorded on video tape and later processed and analyzed. The tests are part of a round robin series aimed at checking protocols that have been developed to standardize testing procedures. The period of crack formation is of particular interest. (Author). \(24) Published by European Association for Composite Materials, 2 Place de la Bourse, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.\(9) na\(23) ADD339527 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53540 NT53540\(10) Shear Cracks in Foam Core Sandwich Panels: Nondestructive Testing and Damage Assessment, \(20) Zenkert, Dan Vikstrom, Mats\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0884-6804, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, NEW ZEALAND, SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION, THERMOGRAPHY, CELLULAR MATERIALS, FOAM, SHEAR CRACKS, FRACTURE ANALYSIS, FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Composites Technology & Research'; Summer 1992; 95-103; 20 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Shear cracks in the core of foam core sandwich panels may be found as a result of overloading, impact, or fatigue. These are subsurface flaws and are therefore hard to find nondestructively and may act as initiation points for final failure. Hence, it is of vital interest to detect these flaws and compute their influence on the load-bearing capacity of the panel. In the present paper, different types of shear cracks are simulated in foam core sandwich panels. They are inspected with a thermal nondestructive testing (NDT) method based on an infrared (IR) detector. It is found that all types of simulated cracks can be satisfactorily detected. An engineering approach is used to estimate the residual strength of the panels caused by the shear cracks. The panels are analyzed with the finite element (FE) method to compute fracture mechanics parameters. By using fundamental material data, such as the fracture toughness, the strengths of the panels in presence of the cracks are predicted. Finally, all panels are tested in four-point bending, and it is found that the experimentally measured and the predicted strengths agree well. (Author).\(24) Published by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.\(9) na\(23) ADD339488 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53539 NT53539\(10) Thermographic Non-Destructive Testing of Sandwich Structures with Simulated Debonds, \(20) Vikstrom, M. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 19 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, SWEDEN, SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION, THERMOGRAPHY, DEBONDING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Sandwich Constructions 2'; Vol. 2; Proc. 2nd International Conf. on Sandwich Constructions; Gainesville, FL; 9-12 March 1992; 757-775; 15 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper proposes a method for detection of interface debonds, applicable to in-service inspections and evaluations. A method for manufacturing evaluation is also suggested addressing the problem of finding and determining the extent of debonds in a sandwich foam core. Four types, two perpendicular and two parallel to the sandwich structure, of simulated debonds are included in the investigation, which shows that the method can detect all four flaw types. The relation between the results presented herein and those of previously performed fracture analyses is discussed. (Author).\(24) Published by Engineering Materials Advisory Services Ltd., 339 Halesowen Road, Cradley Heath, Warley, West Midlands B64 6PH, UK.\(9) na\(23) ADD339487 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53514 NT53514\(10) Electrochemical Methods for the Inspection of Reinforcement Corrosion in Concrete Structures - Field Experience, \(20) Elsener, B. Boehni, H.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, SWITZERLAND, REINFORCED CONCRETE, CORROSION, ELECTROCHEMICAL.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials Science Forum'; Vols. 111-112; 1992; 635-646; 24 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Maintenance and planning of the restoration work on reinforced concrete structures need a rapid, non-destructive inspection technique that detects corrosion at an early stage. In this paper, the field experience with electrochemical techniques are reported. The results of potential surveys on bridge decks of the Swiss highways, realized with a new computer-controlled eight-wheel measurement system, clearly show that a fixed potential value (as proposed in ASTM C 876-87) for the identification and location of active corrosion of steel in concrete does not exist. A statistical elaboration of the potential data allows to identify the potential value for corroding and passive rebar for each structure individually. A rapid new technique using galvanostatic pulse measurements was tested successfully on site. It gives clear, unambiguous results on the corrosion state of the rebars when half-cell potentials are uncertain. In addition, the ohmic resistance and the apparent polarization resistance are determined from the evaluation of the transients. From these values the concrete resistivity and the actual corrosion rate of the \(24) Published by Trans Tech Publications, Hardstr. 13, P.O. Box 100, CH-4714, Aemannsdorf, Switzerland.\(9) na\(23) ADD339462 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53504 NT53504\(10) Overview of NDE Development, \(20) McClung, Robert W.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 25 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) CERAMICS, MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION, FRACTURE(MECHANICS), MICROFOCUS X RAYS, MICRORADIOGRAPHY, INCLUSIONS, POWDERS.; \(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (DE95-007002). (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Nondestructive examination technology is an important part of the CTAHE program. Development and application of advanced NDT are being performed by several ceramics producers, engine fabricators, research and development organizations and NDT companies. Advanced and improved techniques are being studied for examination of ceramics at all stages of fabrication from the starting raw materials through intermediate stages, to the final finished product. The very small size of critical flaws (e.g., 50-100 microns (0.002 - 0.004 in.)) in the finished product adds to the challenge of development. This paper will provide an overview of some of the studies and results. (Author).\(24) Performed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6063. \(9) na\(23) ADD339452 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53497 NT53497\(10) Asymptotic Calculation of the Acoustic Signature of a Cracked Surface for the Line Focus Scanning Acoustic Microscope,\(20) Rebinsky, Douglas A. Harris, John G.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 15 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0962-8428, SCANNING ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPE, ACOUSTIC SIGNATURE, CRACKS, SURFACES, SURFACE CRACKS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Royal Society of London. Philosophical Transactions. Series A; Physical Sciences and Engineering; 436,1891; 1992; 251-265; 21 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) An asymptotic description of the acoustic signature of a crack breaking the surface of an otherwise homogeneous, isotropic elastic material for a line focus, scanning acoustic microscope is constructed. The Debye approximation is used to calculate an incident focused beam whose profile falls off continuously at its edges. The wavefields scattered from the surface are constructed as Fourier integrals that are approximated asymptotically. Included in the asymptotic approximations are the leaky Rayleigh waves, which play a crucial part in the acoustic signature. Explicit expressions for the incident and scattered wavefields are given. The acoustic signature is calculated by using an electromechanical reciprocity identity to relate the wavefields in the coupling fluid to the voltage at the terminals of the microscope's transducer. Several ways of evaluating this identity for an unbroken surface are explored and are shown to be asymptotically equivalent. The acoustic signature of a surface-breaking crack is then calculated by assigning to the crack reflection and transmission coefficients for the leaky Rayleigh wave andthen using geometrical elastodynamics to construct the scattered wavefields. Explicit expressions for the acoustic signature of the cracked surface are given. Moreover, an explicit expression for the reflection coefficient of a Rayleigh wave reflected from a surface-breaking crack is given. (Author).\(24) Published by Royal Society of London, 6 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG, England. \(9) na\(23) ADD339445 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53484 NT53484\(10) Robust Testing Method for Determination of the Damping Loss Factor of Composites, \(20) Crane, Roger M. Gillespie, John W., Jr. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0884-6804, GLASS-EPOXY COMPOSITES, GRAPHITE EPOXY, DAMPING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Composites Technology & Research'; 14,2; Summer 1992; 70-79; 22 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper describes a robust testing method for the experimental determination of the vibration damping loss factor of composites. This procedure is being proposed as a result of a detailed experimental program that was undertaken to characterize the damping loss factor of glass and graphite-epoxy composite materials. During the experimental testing to determine the damping loss factor of the composites, it became evident that the amplitude of vibration of the test beam had a pronounced effect on the calculated loss factor determined using the half-power bandwidth method. Calculated loss factors were significantly reduced if the tip displacement amplitude versus time were lower than 0.001 in. (0.0025 cm) for more than 25% of the data set. To alleviate this problem, a robust testing method was developed. In this procedure, a set of 2048 displacement versus time data points are recorded. This displacement versus time data is then partioned into 512 data point intervals. A Fourier transform is performed, on each of these data sets and loss factor determined using the half-power bandwidth method. The loss factor as a function of the maximum tip displacement within each data set is plotted. A linear least squares fit is performed on the data, with an extrapolation being made to zero displacement. The extrapolation to zero displacement effectively reduces the extraneous losses, providing a more robust testing protocol for material characterization. This testing method should provide increased accuracy and precision for the determination of the damping loss factor of materials. (Author).\(24) Published by ASTM, 1800 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. \(9) na\(23) ADD339437 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53404 NT53404\(10) Acoustic Emission Analysis Defines Damage by Solid Particles In Situ Measuring Method of Erosion and Erosion-Corrosion,\(20) Hubner, W. Leitel, E. Rolle, A. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, SOLIDS, EROSION, CORROSION, DAMAGE ASSESSMENT.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materialprufung'; 34,1-2; January 1992; 13-16; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Solid particle erosion is one of the wear mechanisms caused by fluid media. Since indirect methods could not characterise this process, an in situ test using acoustic emission analysis was developed. An apparatus was built permitting the electronic analysis of sound caused by impact of the particles on the surface of test specimens (St38 and X8CrNiTi18 10). After preamplifying the signal a multichannel analyser creates amplitude histograms showing the degree of damage on the surface. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In German - order photocopy no. 9310-220848). \(9) na\(23) ADD339356 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53373 NT53373\(10) Study of Progressive Failure of Rock Under Cyclic Loading by Ultrasonic and AE Monitoring Techniques, \(20) Rao, M.V. Ramana, Y.V. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, INDIA, ULTRASONICS, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CYCLIC LOADING, ROCKS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering'; 25,4; 1992; 237-251; 22 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) New experiments were conducted to expand the existing information on AE and pulse velocity changes. In this study, a few Hydrabad granites were subjected to uniaxial compressive cyclic loading conditions at room temperature. The laboratory tests were carried out by loading the rock to a constant stress maximum ranging between 40% and 80% of failure stress in the initial cycles, and then by progressively increasing the stress maximum, and also increasing the time gap between the cycles. Compressional wave velocity and amplitude changes were monitored in directions perpendicular to the applied stress, and acoustic emission event count data were recorded continuously until the fatigue failure of the rock. Rock specimens loaded cyclically to high stress levels, were in general found to fail after 10 to 12 cycles, at stresses corresponding to nearly 75% of the failure stress of intact rock. Deviations from the Kaiser effect were noticed when the stress maximum became comparable to the dilatent strength of the rock. The pulse amplitude and AE event counts were found to be sensitive parameters, to study the influence of cyclic stress, as well as the effect of the time gap between the cycles, on the microcrack development and progressive failure of rock. (Author).\(24) Published by Springer-Verlag, Sachsenplatz 4-6, Postfach 89, A-1201, Vienna, Austria. \(9) na\(23) ADD339331 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53372 NT53372\(10) Inspection and Repair of Fixed Platforms in the North Sea,\(20) Winkworth, W.J. Fisher, P.J. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, OFFSHORE, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, PLATFORMS, STEEL, UNDERWATER.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Proc. 24th Annual Offshore Technology Conference'; May 4-7, 1992; Vol. 2; OTC 6937; 575-584; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A major part of the maintenance cost of fixed offshore steel platforms concerns the underwater inspection of the jacket structure. Visual inspection alone will normally only detect serious damage since even through-thickness cracks are unlikely to be detected visually. However, because of the size of the structures non-destructive examination (NDE) of each weld on a regular basis is impracticable. Various inspection strategies have been developed by operators in maximise the benefit and minimise the cost of inspection. Drawing on experience with 160 platforms, some of which have been installed for over 20 years, the paper describes the inspection strategies that have been adopted and reviews their effectiveness. The problem of platform repair is also discussed. Typical damages and the repair solutions most commonly adopted are also described. (Author).\(24) Published by Offshore Technology Conference, Richardson, Texas.\(9) na\(23) ADD339330 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53371 NT53371\(10) Composite Riser Tubes: Defect Tolerance Assessment and Nondestructive Testing,\(20) Sparks, C.P. Odru, P. Metivaud, Guy Le Floc'h, Christian \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) OFFSHORE, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, COMPOSITES, TUBING, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Proc. 24th Annual Offshore Technology Conference'; May 4-7, 1992; Vol. 2; OTC 6894; 191-198; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The work presented in this paper was carried out as part of a Joint Industry Program to qualify composite tubes for use as TLP production/injection risers. The program included the study of the influence of different kinds of damage on tube performance and fatigue life, the assessment of NDT methods for detecting damage and its evolution, as well as ways of predicting the ultimate performance of severely fatigue tested tubes. The following oil companies supported the program: Agip, Chevron, Conoco, Elf Aquitaine, Shell IPM, Statoil. (Author).\(24) Published by Offshore Technology Conference, Richardson, Texas.\(9) na\(23) ADD339329 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53370 NT53370\(10) Ergonomics in Civil Aircraft Inspection, \(20) Drury, C.G. Lock, M.W.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) AGING AIRCRAFT, AIRCRAFT, ERGONOMICS, HUMAN FACTORS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Contemporary Ergonomics'; 1992; 116-123; 20 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Increasing public concern over errors in maintenance of civil airliners has come from well-publicized incidents/accidents linked to failure of the maintenance system. Within the airline industry the combination of a historical shortage of skilled maintenance technicians with the increased demand from an aging aircraft fleet has forced the realization that a human/machine system problem exists. The work described here is based on coordinated efforts by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA, UK) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA, U.S.A.) to apply human factors to one particular aspect of maintenance, that of inspection of aircraft structures. Aircraft maintenance and inspection are delivered by a complex social and technical system, using hundreds of humans and gigabytes of square meters of complex structure. An earlier project by the CAA had established that there were real human/system interface problems, so that a multi-disciplinary team was formed to address issues of socio-technical systems design, training and task analysis. From this work came a realization that both rapid, practical changes to current systems and longer-term solutions were needed. In addition, because aircraft are built, flown and maintained in different countries, the problem has international dimensions. Thus, comparisons of parallel systems in different countries was important in developing international\(24) Published by Taylor & Francis, London, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339328 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53369 NT53369\(10) Anisotropy Characterization of Structural Flakeboards with Ultrasonic Methods,\(20) Bucur, Voichita\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0735-6161, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ULTRASOUND, ELASTIC CONSTANTS, ANISOTROPY, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES, WOOD, PARTICLEBOARD.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Wood and Fiber Science'; 24,3; 1992; 337-346; 26 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The aim of this research was to study the anisotropic behavior of structural flakeboards using ultrasonic velocity and acoustic emission methods. One full-size board (3,050 x 1,850 x 19 mm) was analyzed for which the orthotropic model was assumed. Ultrasonic velocities of longitudinal and transversal bulk waves were used to estimate the nine stiffnesses. The measurements were performed on specimens of standard size cut from the board. Surface wave velocities were measured on the full-size board along and across the flake alignment direction. Furthermore an acoustic emission technique of breaking 0.5 mm pencil lead on the surface of the specimens were employed. Several parameters of acoustic emission were measured (duration, count number, energy, peak amplitude, rise time) on specimens cut parallel and perpendicular to the direction of flake alignment. The anisotropy was estimated as the ratio of velocities of bulk and surface waves and of acoustic invariants, as well as the ratio of acoustic emission parameters.\(24) Published by Society of Wood Science and Technology, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705.\(9) na\(23) ADD339327 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53368 NT53368\(10) Development of an Automatic Test Bench Using Infrared Thermography for Materials Used in Military Naval Construction, \(20) Potet, P. Lesbre, F.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0952-6919, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, INFRARED, THERMOGRAPHY, SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION, COMPOSITES, MARITIME APPLICATIONS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Composite Polymers'; 5,5; 1992; 350-354. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) For several years, the Directorate for Naval Constructions (DCN) has been using composite materials (glass resin complexes (GRC)) of the monolithic or sandwich type for applications on surface vessels such as mine-sweepers and for elements of the superstructure of submarines, such as conning towers, sonar domes, etc. The methods normally used at the DCN for these types of materials are trickier to apply in this case, in view of the great thicknesses to be tested and the very nature of the material, which has led the STCAN to become involved in infrared thermography test procedures and to develop an automated bench using this method. The main infrared thermography method used at the DCN is based on the observation of the cooling of the surface of the structure following the application of photothermal energy to it. The photothermal energy is converted into heat and penetrates into the sample by conduction. The presence of inhomogeneities (defects, damage) within the material gives rise to thermal disturbances at the surface, which are detected by the infrared camera. Tests performed by the DCN division over the last five years have been used to draw up technical and functional specifications for an automatic test system, especially suited to monolithic and sandwich GRC composites. This system was developed and tested in the laboratory using representative samples of the materials used by the DCN with artificial defects. At the conclusion of this initial phase, on-site tests in an industrial environment were performed. The results obtained during these two phases are presented in this article. (Author). \(24) Published by Rapra Technology Ltd., Shawbury, Shrewsbury, Shropshire SY4 4NR, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339326 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53367 NT53367\(10) Evaluating Structures Using Impulse Radar and Sonic Techniques,\(20) Forde, M.C. McCavitt, N. Batchelor, A.J.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, IMPULSE RADAR, SONIC TESTS, CONCRETE, BRIDGES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'International Conference on Decommissioning Offshore, Onshore Demolition and Nuclear Works'; v. 3; 1992; 118-122; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper outlines new and sophisticated impulse digital non-destructive testing techniques. The techniques used include impulse digital time domain testing, impulse digital frequency domain testing and digital impulse radar testing. The techniques are described in relation to applications to concrete bridges. It is shown that the techniques of impulse sonic and radar testing are complementary in nature and can be used cost effectively to identify the geometries of structures in addition prior to decommissioning. (Author). \(24) Published by Thomas Telford Ltd., London, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339325 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53364 NT53364\(10) Strain Measurements from the Grey Levels of Real-Time X-Ray Images,\(20) Rutland, Craig A. Wang, Ming L. Schreyer, Howard L.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-85166-869-1, X RAY, CEMENT, ALUMINUM, STRAIN MEASUREMENT, REAL TIME RADIOGRAPHY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures'; 1992; 587-592; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Recent tests have shown that x-ray equipment is now sufficiently sensitive so that changes in densities due to changes in loads on specimens can be detected when X-ray images of the specimen are enhanced and compared. Prism specimens of aluminum and cement mortar were tested in uniaxial compression and simultaneously X-rayed. The grey levels from X-ray images taken during loading are compared. Results show that the strains in the specimen can be determined from the changes in the grey levels. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex 1G11 8JU, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339322 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53363 NT53363\(10) Damage Detection for Concrete Files Using a Simple Nondestructive Method, \(20) Hussein, Mohamad Garlanger, John\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-85166-869-1, CONCRETE, STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY, PILINGS, ACCELEROMETERS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures'; 1992; 573-576; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Files are often used as deep foundations to support structural loads. Concrete piles may be either precast and installed with a pile driving hammer, or cast-in-place in a preformed hole. Both pile types can be damaged during installation and also during service. This paper discusses a nondestructive testing method for pile structural integrity assessment. The test is performed by affixing an accelerometer to the pile top and then impacting the pile top with a hand held hammer. The measured acceleration-time record is integrated, the resulting velocity-time record is displayed as a function of pile length, and then studied using elastic one-dimensional wave propagation theories. One case history is presented in which a large percentage of the piles so tested were found to be damaged. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex 1G11 8JU, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339321 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53362 NT53362\(10) Detection of Crack Development by Real-Time Holographic Interferometry,\(20) Kruger, Gunter Sawade, Gottfried \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-85166-869-1, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFEROMETRY, CRACK DETECTION, CONCRETE, REAL TIME HOLOGRAPHY, FRACTURE(MECHANICS).; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures'; 1992; 491-496; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Sandstone was characterized by a fracture mechanical description. Further the effect of stone strengthening due to the cementation of cracks was investigated. The mechanical parameters and properties were evaluated from 3-point-bending tests. Real-time holographic interferometry in conjunction with phase-shift technique was applied for crack length determination. (Author).\(24) Published by Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex, 1G11 8JU, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339320 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53361 NT53361\(10) Detection of Fracture Process Zone in Concrete by Means of X-Ray with Contrast Medium,\(20) Otsuka, Koh\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-85166-869-1, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, FRACTURE(MECHANICS), CONCRETE, X RAY, CONTRAST.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures'; 1992; 485-490; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The purpose of the present investigation is to detect and to evaluate the fracture process zone of concrete by means of x-ray with contrast medium. The specimen used for this experiment is a compact tension test specimen. The contrast medium was filled in the small holes of the specimen during the loading and the x-ray exposing. Photographs and figures of fine cracks in concrete detected using this technique have been shown. Before the peak of the load, the start of fine cracks in concrete could be observed at the tip of the initial notch. As the crack opening displacement increased, developing fracture process zones were visualized. A correlation was obtained between the pattern of fracture process zone and the maximum size of aggregate. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex 1G11 BJU, England.\(9) na\(23) ADD339319 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53347 NT53347\(10) Magnetoacoustic Spectrometers and Their Application in Investigations of Ferroelectric Materials, \(20) Zarembo, L.K. Karpachev, S.N.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0543-1972, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, MAGNETOACOUSTIC SPECTROMETRY, FERROELECTRICITY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Measurement Techniques'; 35,1; 1992; 95-98; 18 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The possibility of operation with various types of acoustic waves (longitudinal and transverse, depending on the converters used) and the ease of changing the direction of the external magnetic field with respect to sound wave vector, allow efficient investigation of the physical properties of the mentioned materials and advance the understanding and explanation of the physical nature of processes taking place in magnetic material during magnetization and interaction with sound. (Author).\(24) Published by Plenum Publishing Corp., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013-1578. \(9) na\(23) ADD339305 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53340 NT53340\(10) Encapsulation Method for the Study of Crack Growth Behaviour in Inert or Vacuum Environments at Elevated Temperatures,\(20) Hour, K.Y. Stubbins, J.F. Vassos, N.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0960-3409, CRACK GROWTH, HIGH TEMPERATURE, ENCAPSULATION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materials at High Temperatures'; 10,4; 1993; 237-241; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An encapsulation technique for high-temperature controlled-environment testing is introduced. This encapsulation technique is combined with the DC potential drop technique to monitor the crack growth during the experiment. This technique eliminates the complicated retort systems of conventional mechanical testing and possesses the advantages of compactness, transportability, ease of manufacture and low cost. Test results in vacuum using this technique are compared with results of similar in air and in a retort system. (Author). \(24) Published by Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK. \(9) na\(23) ADD339299 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53334 NT53334\(10) Inspection of Aeronautical Structures Using Transient Thermography,\(20) Hobbs, Chris \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-903409-99-2, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, AIRCRAFT, AGING AIRCRAFT, CORROSION, THERMAL IMAGING, TRANSIENT THERMOGRAPHY.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT for Corrosion in Aerospace Structures'; 1992; 6.1-6.10; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Thermal imaging enables the observation and resolution of structural defects based on the visualization of temperature of components relative to their surroundings. The technique's ability to furnish useful data for nondestructive examination is improved by generating a steep momentary temperature gradient in the material. Any flawed regions will inhibit the passage of heat, causing the flaw to be contrasted against its surroundings when viewed using a thermal imager. This technique, called transient thermography, was developed at Harwell, and has been shown to be capable of detecting delaminations, disbonds, and lack-of-adhesion in a wide diversity of coated and uncoated materials. It is also capable of assessing the quality of composites. It therefore has a great deal to offer for the inspection of aerostructures. The ability to obtain sequential frame-grabbed thermal images using the PC-based Talytherm 90 system has greatly improved the information that can be gained using transient thermography. The system opens the way to digital processing of the images of the thermal transient, and permits, for the first time, measurements of parameters such as thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity over large areas. Additionally, it now offers the advantage of much more rapid processing of the data (which has until now, been reviewed from video tape), opening up the possibility of real-time evaluation in an on-line processing environment. This paper describes the technique in relation to the inspection of aircraft for corrosion. The principles of the technique, and the equipment required to facilitate it are reviewed. Examples that show how transient thermography can produce a single pictorial representation of the available information are drawn from materials important to the industry. \(24) Published by Royal Aeronautical Society, 4 Hamilton Place, London W1V OBR, UK.\(9) na\(23) ADD339293 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53333 NT53333\(10) Enhancement of Conventional NDT Methods for Corrosion Detection in Layered Skins, \(20) Smith, Robert A. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 13 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-903409-99-2, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, CORROSION, AIRFRAMES, AGING AIRCRAFT, AIRCRAFT, LAYERED MEDIA, EDDY CURRENTS, X RADIOGRAPHY, SKIN(STRUCTURAL).;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'NDT for Corrosion in Aerospace Structures'; 1992; 5.1-5.13; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Of the many manifestations of corrosion in airframes, one which has caused much recent concern is the spread of corrosion in lap joints of transport aircraft. The early detection and characterization of this corrosion is of great importance. In order to assess the capabilities of conventional non-destructive methods, and to evaluate some enhancements, a VC10 lap-joint panel with suspected early corrosion has been inspected using several techniques. Results were analysed by comparison with a destructive inspection of the panel. Conventional X-radiography failed to show any material loss due to corrosion. However, penetrant-enhanced X-radiography produced very convincing images of corrosion products but its application is limited to areas where penetrant can be injected. Eddy currents proved able to detect material loss due to corrosion, but there were difficulties isolating this from the effects due to structural inhomogeneities. Two-dimensional mapping of complete areas may overcome some of these problems by allowing the eye of the observer to filter out unwanted information. Ultrasonic methods using portable equipment were able to produce accurate two-dimensional maps of areas of voids or disbonds between layers. These voids were corroded for Redux-bonded interfaces but not for the Thiokol-sealed joints. Further development of these techniques has been proposed to tailor them to this particular corrosion problem. (Author).\(24) Published by Royal Aeronautical Society, 4 Hamilton Place, London W1V OBQ, UK.\(9) na\(23) ADD339292 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53282 NT53282\(10) Shrinkage Measurements in Composite Beam Slabs,\(20) Alsamsam, Iyad\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, CONCRETE, COMPOSITES, BEAMS(STRUCTURAL), STEEL, CRACKS, SHRINKAGE.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements andStructures'; 1992; 215-225; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) When the concrete slab of a composite beam shrinks, it is restrained by the steel beam to which it is connected. Tensile stresses, as a result, are developed in the restrained concrete slab. The concrete stresses and the resulting steel section stresses are directly related to the long term deflections of a composite steel-concrete beam. This paper reports some of the findings obtained from monitoring four full-scale composite beams for a period of 200 days. During that period the time dependent shrinkage strains and the resulting deflection of the beams were recorded. In light of the experimental findings, the effect of differential shrinkage in composite beams were postulated and verified. Correlations were drawn between restrained and free shrinkage in a composite slab with particular emphasis on the effect of concrete cracking. (Author). \(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339269 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53281 NT53281\(10) Concrete Surface Characterization Using Optical Metrology,\(20) Sassenfeld, Nora C.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, CONCRETE, SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION, OPTICAL METROLOGY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Pavements'; 1992; 206-214; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The displacement of the surface of a concrete specimen is measured as it cures using an optical method. This method, known as optical metrology, is one in which a line is projected onto the surface of the specimen and a line is projected onto the surface of the specimen and a Charge Injection Device (CID) camera is used to digitize the image of the surface. As the suface displaces the projected line moves and the displacement may be measured by correlating the displaced image to the initial image. Experimental results from two normal weight concrete mixes show that any displacement of the surface after 12 hours of curing is unmeasurable. The average strain over the length of each specimen is calculated and plotted against the time of cure at various points along the diameter of the specimen. Standard compression tests were also run on the mixes. The advantages of this method is that certain characteristics of the concrete, such as strain, can be calculated non-destructively within 12 hours. This technique may be adapted for use on structural members in place. (Author). \(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339268 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53280 NT53280\(10) Pullout Testing of High-Strength Concrete Members,\(20) Dilly, Ronald L. Abshire, Michael \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, CONCRETE, COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PULL OUT.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 194-205; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An experimental investigation of a high-strength concrete mixture was undertaken to measure and evaluate pullout and compressive strength properties. Two columns, a slab, and cylindrical specimens were cast with a condensed silica fume, CSF, concrete mixture. This mixture achieved a 28 day strength in excess of 10,000 psi. At an age of three days, pullout tests were obtained from three elevations of each column; and at ages of 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 61 days, pullout test results were obtained from the slab, and cylindrical specimens were tested for strength. Although previous pullout strength investigations of cast vertical members report top-to-bottom strength differences when typical mixtures were used, the results of this investigation show that these differences may not occur when a member is cast with a CSF mixture. Statistical parameters corresponding to a linear regression analysis of pullout and compressive strength results show a relatively 'tight fit', which indicates that the pull-out test method can be applied toward evaluating and controlling the quality of concrete cast with high-strength mixtures. (Author).\(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339267 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53279 NT53279\(10) Review of NPP Concrete Degradation Factors and Assessment Methods,\(20) Refai, T.M. Lim, M.K. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, CONCRETE, NUCLEAR POWER, POWER PLANTS, AGING INFRASTRUCTURE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 182-193; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Degradation of concrete in nuclear power plant (NPP) structures can be an age-related phenomena. Several research programs have been initiated by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to determine how aging is affecting the level of safety of operating nuclear plants. One such program is the Structural Aging (SAG) program. The SAG Program involves the development of inspection methodologies for concrete structures in nuclear power plants. The work presented in this publication is a supplement to the SAG Program. Potential environmental and aging factors that may affect durability of NPP concrete structures are identified, their degradation mechanisms noted, and symptoms of occurrence listed. Available nondestructive, destructive and testing techniques used in evaluating concrete structures are identified. The capabilities and limitations of the nondestructive testing methods are noted. Recommended testing methods for use in the detection of pertinent degradation factors are presented in the form of an applicable guide. The recommendations are based on literature review and practical experience in the application of the nondestructive testing methods to concrete structures. (Author).\(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339266 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53278 NT53278\(10) Nondestructive Crack Identification by Acoustic Emission Analysis and Ultrasonic Frequency Response, \(20) Ohtsu, Masayasu Sakata, Yasunori \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, CONCRETE, BEAMS(STRUCTURAL), CRACK DETECTION, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, ULTRASONIC TESTING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 171-181; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) by the acoustic emission (AE) analysis and the ultrasonic testing (UT) on the spectral (frequency) response is studied to identify crack geometry. AE waveform analysis provides information on crack locations, crack types, and crack orientations. The result on a pull-out test of anchor-bolt confirms the usefulness of the analysis. To determine the depth of surface crack, the frequency response in the UT is investigated. A reference curve determined from the ratio of peak frequencies on notched concrete beams is applied to the evaluation of crack depth. It is shown that the evaluation is applicable to not only plain concrete but also reinforced concrete members. (Author).\(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339265 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53277 NT53277\(10) Simulated Field Trials of Non-Destructive Concrete Test Methods for Highway Structures,\(20) Buckley, John A. Read, Paul\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, CONCRETE, HIGHWAYS, SIMULATION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 162-170; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The data presented results from a two-year Strategic Highway Research Program investigation into suitable NDT methods for determining the early age, and residual strengths of highway structures. In the first year many test procedures were evaluated, and a small number identified as the most promising for use in highway structures. In the second year of the programme a monolith consisting of a wall and a slab were cast at an exposure site adjacent to a concrete testing laboratory. Typical highway mixes were used. Standard and NDT procedures were carried out on the fresh and hardened concrete, and on the simulated highway structure. The majority of the concrete in the monolith was monitored closely, and the NDT procedures included two types of pullout tests, two maturity test systems, a penetration test and a torque test. The results were compared on an absolute and on an equivalent maturity basis with standard cylinder and core tests. Differences between standard cylinder and core strengths were shown to be a function of relative maturity. The trials facilitated the choice of the most effective NDT procedures for future use on sites. (Author).\(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339264 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53276 NT53276\(10) Nondestructive and Destructive Testing of a Three Span Skewed R.C. Slab Bridge,\(20) Miller, R.A. Aktan, A.E. Shahrooz, B.M.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, BRIDGES, REINFORCED CONCRETE, LOADS(FORCES), MODAL ANALYSIS, DESTRUCTIVE TESTS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 150-161; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A three span, skewed, reinforced concrete slab bridge was field tested to destruction by the authors. Before the actual destructive test, nondestructive tests were performed to determine the condition of the bridge. The tests were a truck load test and modal analysis. The truck load test consisted of mounting about 30 instruments under the bridge and monitoring deflection under truck loads. The recorded deflections were compared with analytical FEM predictions. It was possible to determine that there was damage to the shoulders of the bridge, even though this damage was, at the time, hidden by a layer of asphalt. The modal analysis consisted of dividing the bridge deck into a fine grid. Accelerometers were placed at some of the grid points and the grid points were then struck with an impact hammer. Using the recorded accelerometer data, it was possible to determine the vibrational mode shapes of the bridge. These shapes could then be compared with those obtained from theoretical models to find damage to the shoulders of the bridge. After the nondestructive tests were complete, the bridge was loaded to failure. The bridge failed predominantly in a flexural shear mode. (Author). \(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339263 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53275 NT53275\(10) Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Shear Transfer,\(20) Krauthammer, T. Koubaa, A.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, CONCRETE, INTERFACES, MODELS(SIMULATIONS), DYNAMIC TESTS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 139-149; 23 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This study was focused on the dynamic response of concrete interfaces under the effects of impulsive loads, and the relationship between the interface shear transfer and the response in the time and frequency domains. The approach employed for the study consisted of 3-D finite element analyses of a concrete interface model, and included a physics-based mechanism of interface shear transfer in reinforced concrete. The motion-time histories obtained from the analysis were studied in both the time and in the frequency domains for understanding the interface behavior. Comparisons with experimental data from a parallel study indicated that the proposed numerical approach could be used for simulating the physical behavior. (Author). \(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339262 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53274 NT53274\(10) Condition Monitoring of Structures Using Transient Response, \(20) Hearn, George \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, CONCRETE, STRUCTURES, CONDITION MONITORING, TRANSIENT RESPONSE.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 127-138; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Condition monitoring of structures by measuring transient response and tracking the derived modal parameters has been applied with success in three laboratory studies. Where modal parameters are a function of cross section properties, as in bending elements, direct relations may be obtained between response change and deterioration. Where modal parameters are not a function of cross section properties, as in lateral vibration of wire ropes, laboratory studies indicate the modal damping coefficients might support condition monitoring. The use of transient response and the particular focus on natural frequencies and damping coefficients can provide a means of passive condition monitoring of structures. (Author).\(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339261 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53273 NT53273\(10) Evaluation of Compressive Strength for High-Strength Concrete by Pulse Velocity Method,\(20) Ravindrarajah, R. Sri \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, CONCRETE, COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PULSE VELOCITY, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, AUSTRALIA.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 115-126; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Development of compressive strength and pulse velocity for high-strength concrete from the age of 5 hours are studied in relation to cementitious material types and curing conditions. Normal portland cement, blast-furnace slag cement and silica fume are used individually or in combination. Results show that: a) silica fume in concrete increases the pulse velocity; b) pulse velocity and strength are lower for air-cured concrete than for water-cured concrete; and c) the relationship between strength and pulse velocity is given by an exponential curve which is less influenced by curing or cementitious material types. Evaluation of in-situ concrete strength based on paste efficiency concept is examined. (Author). \(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339260 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53272 NT53272\(10) Frequency Spectrum Analysis of Ultrasonic Testing Signal in Concrete, \(20) Wei-Du, Li\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CHINA, CONCRETE, ULTRASONIC TESTING, SPECTRUM ANALYSIS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 104-114. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Description is given on high-speed sample apparatus connected with the CTS-25 low frequency ultrasonoscope and computer, the time domain of ultrasonic testing signal is transformed to the frequency domain by way of Fast Fourier Transform. Study of frequency spectrum analysis has been carried out for compact concrete, loose concrete and concrete with voids. (Author). \(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339259 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53271 NT53271\(10) Critique of the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Method for Testing Concrete,\(20) Popovics, S. Popovics, J.S.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, ULTRASONICS, CONCRETE, PULSE VELOCITY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 94-103; 19 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The pulse velocity method is the most widely used ultrasonic nondestructive method for assessing concrete quality. However, it has been well established that the relation between ultrasonic pulse velocity and concrete strength is, in general, not reliable enough for practical purposes; nevertheless, essentially the same method has been used for over 40 years. This paper is a critical analysis of the existing ultrasonic pulse velocity method as well as an attempt to explain its failure for strength determination and damage detection in concrete. First, the theory and technique of the ultrasonic pulse velocity method is introduced. Next, misconceptions concerning the relation between pulse propagation parameters and concrete strength are clarified. In addition, original experimental data are presented that demonstrate the insensitivity of the ultrasonic pulse velocity method to the present strength of a variety of materials including concretes, mortars, and pastes. The end result of this study is a better understanding of the ultrasonic pulse velocity method - as applied to concrete - as well as a better understanding of the limitations of this\(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339258 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53270 NT53270\(10) Evaluation of Concrete Bridges by Impact-Echo,\(20) Ghorbanpoor, Al Virmani, Y.P. Fatemi, G.R. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, CONCRETE, BRIDGES, IMPACT-ECHO TECHNIQUE, CORROSION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 82-93; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Strength of post-tensioned bridge structural members primarily depends on the tensile capacity of their post-tensioning steel reinforcements. To prevent corrosion, the post-tensioning steel is normally encased in plastic or galvanized metal ducts filled with a grout mix. However, corrosion of the steel can result if the ducts are not filled completely. In addition, use of an improper grout mix may result in partial filling of the ducts and/or grout bleeding, which is the separation of water from the cement paste. When bleeding of the grout takes place, the bleed water is usually absorbed back into the hardened grout and a bleed void, sometimes as long as the entire length of the duct, is left in the duct. The bleed voids could be a major factor in the corrosion of post-tensioning steel by facilitating penetration and movement of salt water and other harmful slutions inside of the ducts from the end anchorage areas or cracks, or other flaws, in the surrounding concrete. This study has examined the application of and further development of a non-destructive evaluation technique, the Impact-Echo, for determination of location and extent of voids in the ducts of post-tensioned bridge structural members. Theoretical, laboratory, and field studies have been performed and it has been demonstrated that it is possible to detect, with high reliability the location and extent of voids in the post-tensioning ducts of concrete structures. It was found that information corresponding to the location of voids within concrete members may readily be obtained by examining the wave reflection frequency values, from an induced impact at the surface of the member, due to the wave incidents at the free boundaries of these voids. (Author). \(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339257 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53269 NT53269\(10) Sonic NDE of Structural Concrete, \(20) Olson, Larry D.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, CONCRETE, IMPACT-ECHO TECHNIQUE, CRACKS, VOIDS, ULTRASONICS, PULSE VELOCITY, BRIDGES, DAMS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 70-81; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Case histories are presented to illustrate applications of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods that use stress waves to characterize the condition of concrete construction. The case histories discuss the following NDE methods and applications: 1. Impact Echo to evaluate cracking in a 1923 thin-arch concrete dam on the downstream face; 2. Impact Echo to investigate honeycomb and void conditions, and to provide quality assurance of repairs to a box girder bridge; and 3. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity to define the severity of cracking damage in pre-cast bridge segments and for quality assurance of epoxy injection repairs. Comparison of NDE results with destructive coring and known conditions show the NDE methods accurately defined the extent and nature of sound and defective concrete conditions. (Author).\(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339256 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53268 NT53268\(10) Concrete Beam Testing with Optical Fiber Sensors, \(20) Huston, D. Fuhr, P. Kajenski, P. Snyder, D.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, CONCRETE, BEAMS(STRUCTURAL), OPTICAL SENSORS, EMBEDDED SENSORS, LOADS(FORCES), CURE MONITORING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 60-69; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The use of an embedded multimode optical fiber to monitor curing and load-to-failure testing of a reinforced concrete beam has been investigated. The embedding process used to network the optical fibers into the concrete beam as it was formed is described. Measurement procedures used in monitoring the beam's curing are presented as are the experimental procedures and results of loading the beam to failure. High correlation of the embedded fiber fault location and the curing of the beam and stress-induced failure points are observed. (Author). \(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53202). \(9) na\(23) ADD339255 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53267 NT53267\(10) Real-Time Condition Monitoring of Concrete Structures by Embedded Optical Fibers, \(20) Ansari, Farhad\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, CONDITION MONITORING, REAL TIME, CONCRETE, EMBEDDED FIBERS, OPTICAL FIBERS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 49-59; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Fiber optic sensor technology has matured to the point where the impact of this new technology is now evident, especially in aeronautics and space structure applications. External perturbations such as strain, pressure, and vibrations induce a change in the phase, intensity, or the wavelength of the lightwave propagating through the fiber. This change in one or more properties of light can then be related to the parameter being measured. Unfortunately, fiber optic sensors have not been fully employed in condition monitoring of civil structures. In the study reported here a brief survey of technical literature identifies some of the recent research activities in the application of fiber optic sensor technology to civil structures. The development and testing of a new sensor for measurement of internal deformations due to formation of cracks in concrete structures will be described. (Author). \(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339254 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53266 NT53266\(10) Feasibility Study for a Concrete Core Tomographer,\(20) Abdel-Ghaffar, A.M. Leahy, R.M. Masri, S.F. Synolakis, C.E.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY, CONCRETE, CORES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 37-48; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This is a study of the feasibility of applying computer tomography in the study of concrete cores. A laboratory protocol is presented for testing concrete cores using a medical-grade CT scanner. The protocol includes extensive software implementation for transferring data from CT computers to workstations, for removing various imaging artifacts from the concrete images and for performing automated image processing of concrete cores. Preliminary results are presented for estimating the system resolution and detectability. It is demonstrated that computerized axial tomography can be used effectively in evaluating the interior structure of concrete/aggregate mixes and for estimating various mass fractions in the mix. Also, applying edge-detection in tomograms may prove to be very useful tool for calibrating and validating finite-element codes used in mix design. (Author).\(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339253 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53265 NT53265\(10) Study of Three Dimensional Crack Tip Location of Mortar by Acoustic Emission, \(20) Chen, H.L. Chang, C.T.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CRACKS, MORTARS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 25-36; 14 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Plain mortar specimens were tested under three-point bending. Experimental variables include the width of the specimen and the notch-to-depth ratio. The experimental results of 12 specimens are reported in this paper. A six-channel acoustic emission (AE) system was used to measure the crack tip location. The applied loading, load-point deflection and crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) were recorded together with real time AE parameters. The critical effective crack length and critical stress intensity factor of each specimen were calculated using a size-independent equation and compared with the experimental observation. AE three-dimensional source location technique was applied to evaluate the interior effective crack length during the entire loading period. AE technique can locate the position and time of the crack initiation. The critical effective crack length were measured by AE source location at the maximum load. The critical stress intensity factor of each specimen was calculated from AE measurement and compared with the value calculated from CMOD measurement. The crack profile along the width indicated that the surface crack front proceeded faster than the crack front inside the body. (Author).\(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339252 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53264 NT53264\(10) Damage Assessment in Concrete Using Acoustic Emission,\(20) Ouyang, C. Landis, E. Shah, S.P.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CONCRETE, DAMAGE ASSESSMENT, MICROCRACKS, BEAMS(STRUCTURAL).; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 13-24; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An acoustic emission (AE) is a localized rapid release of strain energy in a stressed material. This energy release causes stress waves to propagate through the specimen. These acoustic emissions can be detected at the specimen surface and analyzed to deduce the nature of damage such as microcracking. AE techniques were used to characterize fracture of center-notched and off-center-notched concrete beams in this paper. AE event locations were recovered from the arrival time of AE signals. Orientation of the plane, location, size, and mode of movement (mode I, mode II, or mixed mode) of microcracks were determined using a moment tensor analysis. (Author). \(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339251 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53263 NT53263\(10) Passive Acoustic Emission for Quantitative Evaluation of Freeze Thaw and Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concretes, \(20) Taylor, Michael A.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CONCRETE, FREEZING, QUANTITATIVE TESTING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures'; 1992; 1-12. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Several experiments are reported in which the progression of freeze thaw (FT), alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR), and internal cracking caused by mechanical loading were monitored using the passive acoustic emission technique (PAET). The results show that the method can provide several advantages over other methods, including the capacity to produce quantitative evaluation of the progression of these actions (which are frequently invisible to the naked eye). (Author). \(24) Published by ASCE, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (See also NT-53262). \(9) na\(23) ADD339250 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53262 NT53262\(10) Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Elements and Structures,\(20) Ansari, Farhad Sture, Stein \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 234 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-87262-887-6, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY, EMBEDDED FIBERS, OPTICAL FIBERS, ULTRASONICS, PULSE VELOCITY, IMPACT-ECHO TECHNIQUE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published by American Society of Civil Engineers, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The papers of this symposiums are organized as follows: Acoustic emission techniques to detect initiation and growth of cracks, and damage due to adverse environmental conditions; Computer tomography to scan interior structure of concrete/aggregate mixes and for estimating various mass fractions in the mix; Embedded optical fibers for condition monitoring of structure during its service life, and for detection of cracks; Techniques based on ultrasonics for detection of voids and flaws; Modal analysis techniques for condition monitoring of structures during their service life; Combined methods involving simultaneous employment of several techniques for verification; Basic research use of any technique to determine basic properties or attempts for the development of new techniques and procedures. (Author/Modified).\(24) Proceedings of a symposium held April 13-15, 1992 in San Antonio, Texas. For individual papers see NT-53263 - NT-53282.\(9) na\(23) ADD339249 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53208 NT53208\(10) Examination of Acoustic Emission Evaluation Criteria for Aerospace Type Fiber/Polymer Composites, \(20) Hamstad, M.A. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 14 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS, LITERATURE SURVEYS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 436-449; 60 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An extensive examination of the literature on acoustic emission (AE) from fiber/polymer composites for aerospace applications has been carried out. The abstracts of over 901 publications were reviewed to sort out the papers relating to the subject area. This initial filter identified some 396 publications in the topic area. These abstracts were then examined to determine three aspects: 1) the goals(s) of the use of AE; 2) the specimen (coupons and/or structural), reinforcement geometry and test history; and 3) the AE evaluation criteria used to accomplish the goal of the use of AE. A considerable number of these filtered papers were read either due to incomplete abstracts or to make a critical evaluation of the success of the evaluation criteria. To report the results, meaningful categories of the papers were established. First, papers were separated by whether the AE testing dealt with structures or coupons. This division is key since structures tend to be two dimensional in both their geometry and applied stresses compared to the one dimensional nature of coupons. Second, within each of these two divisions, the papers were further subdivided according to the goal of the AE usage. Typical examples of evaluation criteria for successful or near-successful applications are summarized. Recent papers are emphasized rather than first applications. The reason for this is that recent papers use instrumentation more representative of what is currently available and recent papers usually have benefitted from past testing with the same goal. \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339204 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53207 NT53207\(10) Inverse Analysis in the Two-Dimensional PMMA Model with a Slit,\(20) Ohtsu, M. Shigeishi, M. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, WAVEFORM ANALYSIS, MODELS(SIMULATIONS).;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 428-435; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A quantitative AE waveform analysis has been investigated extensively and recently it is clarified that a moment tensor analysis to analyze the moment tensor components from multi-channel AE waveforms, a software which can run in a microcomputer is developed. For the purpose of visual observation and investigation of fracture mechanisms in a two-dimensional model (2-D), an application of AE moment tensor inversion to the 2-D model experiment is studied. In the present paper, the procedure is applied to experiments of a 2-D model with an internal slit, made of poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA). Mixed-mode crack propagation from the slit under uniaxial compression is investigated and AE waveforms are recorded by a four-channel AE system. Crack locations, crack types, and crack orientations are determined from AE waveforms, based on the moment tensor analysis. The results are compared with crack trajectory observed in the PMMA model. Quantitative investigation on fracture mechanisms of composite materials is carried out, by employing the source inversion of AE waveform. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339203 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53206 NT53206\(10) Propagation of Flexural Mode AE Signals in Gr/Ep Composite Plates,\(20) Prosser, W.H. Gorman, M.R. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, FLEXURE, GRAPHITE-EPOXY COMPOSITES, PROPAGATION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 418-427; 19 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In this research, two theoretical approaches were used for predicting the dispersion of flexural mode waves in gr/ep composite laminates. The first theoretical predictions were based on classical plate theory (CPT). This is a widely used appropriate theory for describing motion in thin plates where the wavelength is much larger than the plate thickness. For flexural waves, the plate is assumed to be under a state of pure bending in which plane sections of the plate remain plane and perpendicular to the midplane of the plate. Thus, shear deformation is not included in this theory. A state of plane stress is also assumed and the effects of rotary inertia are neglected. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339202 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53205 NT53205\(10) Acoustic Emission Source Location in Thin Plates Using Cross-Correlation, \(20) Ziola, Steven M. Gorman, Michael R.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, FLAW LOCATION, THIN PLATES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 411-417; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) In this work a method for determining arrival times that is independent of voltage threshold or gain settings based on the dispersive flexural wave was developed. By using cross-correlation methods frequencies in the flexural mode could be isolated, and the location analysis based on the velocity of this particular frequency component. Lead breaks were performed on the surface of a ((0 sub 2/90 sub 2)) sub s graphite/epoxy plate and located using a three sensor array and the cross-correlation method. The theoretical considerations will be discussed and experimental results shown. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339201 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53204 NT53204\(10) Determination of the Elastic Properties of Composite Materials using Simulated AE Signals,\(20) Sachse, Wolfgang Veidt, Martin Niu, Lin \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, ELASTIC PROPERTIES, SIMULATION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 401-410; 16 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The use of simulated AE signals is rapidly being developed as a powerful, new tool for materials characterization applications. Sometimes called the ultrasonic point-source/point-receiver (PS/PR) technique, it is based on a small aperture source and receiver generating and detecting ultrasonic signals containing both longitudinal and shear wave modes in a broad range of directions in a material. Here we show the application of such measurements to determine the matrix of elastic constants of a material. We present results obtained on a number of composite specimens ranging in thickness from 0.12 mm to 75 mm and exhibiting a variety of symetries in their elastic properties. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339200 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53203 NT53203\(10) Plate Wave Acoustic Emission: Composite Materials,\(20) Gorman, Michael R.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, PLATE WAVES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability; Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 395-400; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A description of AE based on plate wave theory has the potential to affect AE practice in the near term. While being more limited theoretically it has certain practical advantages. It is computationally simpler than a three dimensional formulation, can predict waveforms in finite media, and readily meshes with lamination theory for composite materials. Since many of the real structures monitored are plate-like in geometry, this would allow AE measurements to be based on theoretical foundations thus yielding greater understanding of detected signals. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339199 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53202 NT53202\(10) Propagation Studies of AE-sounds in Woven Carbonfibre/Epoxy, Aramidfibre/Epoxy and Glassfibre Mat/Epoxy, \(20) Melve, Bjorn Hval, Morten \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, SOUND PROPAGATION, EPOXY.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 387-394; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The propagation of waves from pencil lead breaks have been studied in plates of woven carbonfibre/epoxy, woven aramidfibre/epoxy and glassfibre mat/epoxy. It was found that the lead breaks on the top of the plate generated more low frequency waves, than breaking the pencil on the edge of the plate. The propagation speed of the low frequency component was in the range 1060-1300 m/sec and relatively independent of material, whereas the high frequency part varied from 2600 m/sec for the glassfibre material to 5500 m/sec along the fibres in the carbon fibre laminate. The damping of the propagating waves was lower along the fibres than 45 degrees to the fibres for the woven materials. The damping was also lowest for the carbonfibre material. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339198 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53201 NT53201\(10) Monitoring Abrasive Machining Processes in Wood with Acoustic Emission,\(20) Lemaster, Richard L. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, WOOD, ABRASION, MACHINING, ACOUSTIC MONITORING, PROCESS CONTROL.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 377-386; 40 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) With the increase in labor and raw material costs, it is essential that a manufacturer insure that the process is operating efficiently and accurately. Any loss of product value due to the operation not performing within its expected limits can cause severe economic loss. There are many process parameters that cannot be monitored directly. This requires the product be monitored as an indicator of the process. This means that a loss or product value must occur before the error in the process can be detected. In addition, the personnel required to monitor and control the process in this manner can cause an additional economic burden on the manufacturer. A technique that would be able to detect changes in the process and notify the operator or correct the process without human intervention would be a valuable asset to the manufacturer. Acoustic emission has shown itself to be a good process monitoring technique in the wood, composite and metal industries. The work reported here is the first phase of a project that will establish the feasibility and limitations of using AE to monitor the abrasive machining process in wood and woodbased products. The effects of the condition of the abrasive, abrasive grit size, and the grain direction of the workpiece on the AE signal level were investigated. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339197 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53200 NT53200\(10) Use of Acoustic Emission in Evaluating Creep from Wood Composites,\(20) Beall, Frank C.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, WOOD, CREEP.,; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 370-376; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Ten commercial oriented strandboard (OSB) specimens of 15-mm thickness were exposed to high, constant load in third point bending and acoustic emission (AE) monitored at two points, including the center of the specimen. AE events were captured with 175 kHz transducers that were coupled with a viscous couplant to the face of the specimens. The tests were made to determine the most suitable configuration for monitoring AE during creep of OSB. Failures occurred in 0.5 to 34 h. The AE events decreased at an exponential rate from the initial loading until well into the steady-state or secondary creep stage. There was some evidence of AE providing indications of flaw development that was not obvious in the deflection of the panel. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339196 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53199 NT53199\(10) Development of an AE On-Line Inspection System for the Plywood Production Process,\(20) Sato, Keiichi Ishibashi, Makoto Fushitani, Masami \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, ON LINE SYSTEMS, PRODUCTION CONTROL, PLYWOOD, IN PROCESS INSPECTION, DELAMINATIONS.,;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 362-369; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) An acoustic emission (AE) technique was used to detect poorly bonded areas in plywood panels. Tests were conducted in the laboratory and in the factory, and the particular threshold, total gain, and filter used depended on the test location. In the laboratory experiments, delaminated regions were simulated by inserting a teflon sheet (the area ranged between 100 by 100 mm and 400 by 400 mm) in the glue line. Plywood panels were fed through a testing machine at 120 mm/s and a center span deflection of 40 mm was imposed with a roller. A 1-inch wheeled sensor, 375 kHz resonant frequency, positioned on the compression side of the panel near the center roller used to impose the deflection, was used to detect the AE signals. In the factory experiments, panels were tested using a feed speed of 300 mm/s with a 10 mm center deflection. After testing they were cut along the trace of the wheeled sensor, 375 kHz resonant frequency, again positioned on the compression side of the panel near the center roller used to impose the deflection, was used to detect the AE signals. AE signals were generated in the delaminated regions, and such regions could be detected by monitoring the change in the ring down count rate per 0.3 or 0.5 s as the panel passed through the testing apparatus. These results indicated that on-line inspection and detection of delaminated regions in plywood panels was possible. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339195 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53198 NT53198\(10) Evaluation of Piezoelectric Sensor to Wood Coupling Systems, \(20) Quarles, Stephen L. Hamstad, Marvin A. Lemaster, Richard L. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, WOOD, COUPLANTS, PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 352-361; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The objective of this work was to study the effects of couplants and sensors, and to determine the optimum wood-couplant system. Square wood rods were machined from madrone (Arbutus menziesii) and redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) for experimental material. Propagation in the longitudinal (axial) direction was studied. Specimens were moisture equilibrated prior to testing in an environmental room. Wood surfaces were microtomed prior to testing to assure a consistent surface. Solid and fluid couplants typically utilized in research and industrial applications were evaluated. The solid couplants differed by material and hardness. Wide-band 5 MHz ultrasonic sensors and a truncated cone PZT transducer were evaluated. The 5 MHz sensors were evaluated with two different wear plates (epoxy and ceramic). The acoustic source was generated by breaking a 0.3 mm pencil lead against a cover glass wear plate bonded to the wood surface. The acoustic signals were captured using a transient data acquisition board. Time- and frequency-domain features were generated to evaluate the coupling systems. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339194 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53197 NT53197\(10) Utilization of PVDF Sensors to Determine Impact Damage in Graphite/Epoxy Plates by Acousto-Ultrasonic Technique, \(20) Smith, I.C. Hoa, S.V. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS, COMPOSITES, SENSORS, IMPACT DAMAGE, GRAPHITE-EPOXY COMPOSITES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 341-351; 24 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The scope of this study into the use of metallized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) foil sensors in the detection of impact damage of graphite/epoxy plates is two-fold. First, to establish that low energy impact damage, undetectable through visual examination and ultrasonic C-scan can be detected through the acousto-ultrasonic (AU) technique. Secondly, to assess the utility of PVDF sensors in obtaining AU signals. The AU approach to verification of material integrity is based on the premise that structural flaws will cause a greater attenuation of the ultrasonic pulse when compared to the attenuation of the signal through unflawed material. Through AU technique, material structural integrity can be determined by comparative means. Graphite/epoxy test plates were ultrasonically C-scanned, the PVDF sensors were adhesively bonded to the test plates and used to evaluate the structural integrity prior to impact testing. The plates were then subjected to impact and subsequently ultrasonically C-scanned to determine signal attenuation due to impact damage. Pattern classification was used to correlate impact damage with waveform changes and investigate waveform pattern repeatability. Acoustic signal characterization was accomplished using ICEPAK software. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339193 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53196 NT53196\(10) Monitoring the Resistance Welding of Thermoplastic Composites Through Acoustic Emission, \(20) D'Antonio, Luigi Sabatino, Claudio Ortona, Alberto Gillespie, John W., Jr. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ITALY, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, RESISTANCE WELDING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 331-340; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper investigates the monitoring of thermoplastic composite's resistance welding through acoustic emission. During the resistance welding process, fusion bonding of the interface polymer occurs by passing an electric current through a unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg heating element placed between the parts to be joined. An amorphous bonding technique (Thermabond TM) is used to join AS4 graphite fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (APC2). Changes in the polymer during welding can be detected by direct sensing techniques such as acoustic emission. By placing acoustic emission sensors next to the weld region, the influence of welding parameters on the acoustic emission output was determined. Discrete parameters as well as complete waveforms were acquired through dedicated hardware and software. Results indicate a strong relationship exists between acoustic phenomena and welding history. Experimental observations show that change in the cumulative representation of some discrete parameters (ring down counts in the case under study) occurs at the glass transition temperature tg of the PEI that was comolded on the surface of the parts. The ability to correlate AE with process conditions, quality and performance gives rise to the potential for further automation and control of the resistance welding process through on-line acoustic measurements. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339192 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53195 NT53195\(10) Acoustic Emission Sensors for High Temperature Monitoring of Processing of Carbon/Carbon Composite,\(20) Tittmann, B.R.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, SENSORS, HIGH TEMPERATURE, CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES, ACOUSTIC MONITORING, ACOUSTIC SENSORS, IN SITU, PYROLYSIS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 322-330; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Recent work has shown preliminary results on the possibility of using acoustic sensors for the in-situ monitoring of the pyrolysis of carbon/phenolic composite to produce carbon/carbon. In particular, acoustic emission AE and ultrasonic velocity measurements were shown as possible measurement parameters for providing data during First Carbonization. In this paper we focus primarily on AE and attempt to confirm these findings and relate the acoustic data to the onset and development of macroporosity, which is known to occur during First Carbonization. In particular, we have demonstrated on flat plates up to one foot square in size that Acoustic Emissions (AE) are significantly different between normal microcracking associated with the chemical and physical changes during pyrolysis and the catastrophic delaminations that occur if the processing temperature/time treatment is incorrect. About 30 experimental runs have been carried out, which show that AE provides information in advance of delaminations, so that the potential exists for making corrective changes during the processing treatment. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339191 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53194 NT53194\(10) Application of Pattern Recognition Techniques to Acousto-Ultrasonic Testing of Kevlar Composite Panels,\(20) Hinton, Yolanda L.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS, PATTERN RECOGNITION, COMPOSITES, PANELS(STRUCTURAL), ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, KEVLAR.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 314-321; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) An acousto-ultrasonic evaluation of panels fabricated from woven Kevlar and PVB/phenolic resin is being conducted. The panels were fabricated with various simulated defects. They were examined by pulsing with one acoustic emission sensor, and detecting the signal with another sensor, on the same side of the panel at a fixed distance. The acoustic emission signals were filtered through high (400-600 KHz), low (100-300 KHz) and wide (100-1200 KHz) bandpass filters. Acoustic emission signal parameters, including amplitude, counts, rise time, duration, 'energy', rms, and counts to peak, were recorded. These were statistically analyzed to determine which of the AE parameters best characterize the simulated defects. The wideband filtered acoustic emission signal was also digitized and recorded for further processing. Seventy-one features of the signals in both the time and frequency domains were calculated and compared to determine which subset of these features uniquely characterize the defects in the panels. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339190 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53193 NT53193\(10) Use of Acoustic Emission Monitoring to Characterize the Quality of Coated Paper, \(20) Gradin, Per A. Nystrom, Staffan \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, SWEDEN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COATINGS, PAPER.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission Monitoring from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 310-313; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Some preliminary results from the Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring of coated paper are presented in this paper. The coating layer consists of a mixture of Latex and a special clay with well-defined properties with respect of particle size and color. Samples, i.e. handmade sheets with three different latex contents (base paper, 10 and 50 parts latex by weight per 100 parts of clay) were loaded in uniaxial tension while the acoustic emission was recorded using a microsensor with a resonance frequency of 300 kHz. It was found that the total number of events were practically almost the same for all groups of samples. Further, an analysis of the cumulative amplitude distribution revealed that the distribution functions were also practically almost identical. This indicates that for the simple handmade sheets, the coating layer is acoustically inactive. The effect of the coating layer is simply that the emission curve (total number of events vs. the elongation) is shifted towards high elongation values with increasing latex content. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339189 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53192 NT53192\(10) Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Fracture Process of SiC/Al Composites Under Cyclic Loading,\(20) Lee, Joon-Hyun Kim, Jong-Hwan Yoon, Dong-jin Kwon, Oh-Yang \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, KOREA, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, FRACTURE(MECHANICS), SILICON CARBIDES, ALUMINUM, CYCLIC LOADING, ACOUSTIC MONITORING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 300-309; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Acoustic emission was used to clarify fatigue failure mechanisms of aluminum alloys reinforced with SiC particulate (SiCp/A356) or whisker (SiCw/Al2009). For this purpose, special attention was given to AE characteristics including AE event, energy and peak amplitude distribution which were associated with micro-fracture processes of metal-matrix composites under the cyclic loading. The effects of form of reinforcements, heat treatment, orientation of whisker and loading condition on AE characteristics were discussed based on SEM fractographic results. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339188 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53191 NT53191\(10) AE Signal Trends During Long Cycle Fatigue of FRP/Balsa Wood Core Vessels,\(20) Ouellette, P. Hoa, S.V. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, STORAGE VESSELS, FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS, COMPOSITES, WOOD, FATIGUE(MECHANICS), LOADING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 292-299; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Experimental results from Acoustic Emission tests on two fiber reinforced plastic/balsa wood core vessels that have been subjected to long cycle fatigue loading are presented. These results together with results obtained from short term cyclic tests on twenty-one other fiber reinforced plastic vessels provide substantial supporting evidence for a Recommended Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Fiber Reinforced Plastic with Balsa Wood Core Highway tankers. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339187 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53190 NT53190\(10) Interpretation of Optically Detected Acoustic Emission Signals,\(20) Wagner, J. Huber, R. Fowler, T. Crump, T. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, OPTICAL DETECTORS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 282-291; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper reports the results of early stages of a program to reexamine the applicability of optical sensing of acoustic emission signals looking at both short and long time records of emissions from composite specimens and structures. \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339186 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53189 NT53189\(10) Applying Neural Network to Acoustic Emission Signal Processing,\(20) Chen, H.L. Chen, C.L.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, SIGNAL PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 273-281; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In this paper, the use of multi-layer neural networks for the Acoustic Emission (AE) signal processing is presented. In our experiments, the AE signal is represented in terms of AE parameters, such as event rate, ring down count, event duration, peak amplitude, and rise time. These parameters are processed with respect to the applied loading in the sense of mapping temporal data on spatial data. Randomly selected data sets are used to train multi-layer neural nets with various hidden units. The neural networks, with inherent parallelism and ability in dealing with noisy environment, bears high potential for AE signal processing. In this research, the neural networks are applied to two interesting evaluations; they are the classification of the timber specimens and the prediction of the maximum strength of the timber beams. Results show that the classification correct rate can reach 75% and mean error of strength performance is smaller than 20%. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339185 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53188 NT53188\(10) Use of Acoustic Emission Testing in Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Process Equipment, \(20) Bustillos, Juan Craigie, Larry\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 16 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, STORAGE VESSELS, PRESSURE VESSELS, FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS, STRESS ANALYSIS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 257-272; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Acoustic emission allows the user to monitor the behavior of FRP equipment under stress. This behavior has proven to be very reproducible and it has allowed us to develop acceptance criteria for fiberglass reinforced plastic equipment. This has led to acoustic emission being recognized as a reliable non-destructive testing tool for evaluating the fabrication and design of FRP vessels. This paper will discuss several case studies where unexpected AE responses led to improved designs with fiberglass reinforced plastic equipment. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339184 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53187 NT53187\(10) What are We Really Hearing? - A Case Study,\(20) Tanner, Jerry R. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, SENSORS, TEST METHODS, ASTM.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 247-256. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the important link between the AE test results and the subsequent follow-up by alternative nondestructive testing methods and laboratory failure analysis. A case history will be described in which Independent Testing Laboratories (ITL) conducted an AE test according to the ASTM F914 standard. The test was conducted in a routine manner and represents one of approximately 9,000 tests conducted annually by ITL. In this particular case, the AE data failed to meet the acceptance criteria both in terms of the total number of first hit counts and the number of high amplitude counts. Follow-up radiography in the critical area identified by AE confirmed the presence of severe cracking in the FRP components of the boom. The extent and nature of the cracking was further investigated by sectioning and laboratory microscopy. Such positive confirmation of AE data can greatly assist in the further development of AE standards and in time could enhance the capability of AE in terms of defect identification in addition to the existing detection capabilities. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339183 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53186 NT53186\(10) Intensity Analysis,\(20) Fowler, Timothy J. Blessing, James A. Strauser, Fred E. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, STORAGE VESSELS, PRESSURE VESSELS, RECOMMENDED PRACTICES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 237-246; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Intensity analysis is a measure of the structural significance of an acoustic emission source. The technique has been discussed in detail in a previous paper and the method has been used extensively for analysis of defects in metal equipment. Intensity analysis is carried out on a per channel basis, and uses two factors based on signal strength. The first factor is known as the historic index, and compares the signal strength of the most recent hits to the signal strength of all hits. Historic index is essentially independent of specimen size. The second factor, referred to as severity, is the average of the largest signal strength his striking a sensor. The use of signal strength to define severity minimizes the effect of distance from the sensor, and allows the intensity analysis to be used on the full range of field vessel geometries. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339182 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53185 NT53185\(10) Design Improvements in FRP Chemical Process Equipment Resulting from Acoustic Emission Examination,\(20) Conlisk, Peter\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, STORAGE VESSELS, PRESSURE VESSELS, CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 229-236. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Acoustic emissions have been used to demonstrate the structural integrity of FRP chemical process equipment for about 15 years. The method is widely accepted; both American Society of Mechanical Engineers standards for FRP tanks and vessels include an AE test specification, and the ASME code requires it for vessels which operate at greater than 15 psig. design pressure. The ASME specifications follow the familiar CARP recommended practice. Thousands of tanks have been examined using AE. The CARP practice is thorough. All of the load-bearing components of a vessel are tested. Because the test is so complete, AE has resulted in an important, indirect benefit to the FRP industry. AE results for an engineer designing FRP equipment to imitate established metal design practices, but many common tank and vessel details which are satisfactory in metal do not work well when built of FRP. AE examinations have shown where such details are likely to fail, and the type of failure. The paper discusses a number of such details, and how AE was used to diagnose and improve the deficient design. As FRP fabricators become more involved with AE, such progress should accelerate. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339181 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53184 NT53184\(10) Development of a Standard Testing Procedure to Yield an Acoustic Emission Versus Strain Curve,\(20) Fasnacht, Matthew J. Dombach, J. Eric Winkler, Brian K. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 20 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, TESTING, STANDARDS, STRAIN RELATIONS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 209-228; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The testing procedure for generating an acoustic emission versus strain curve for composite materials has been standardized. The development of this testing procedure will serve as a foundation for further study into the acoustic emission characterization of composites. Furthermore, recommendations of questions to be investigated in future projects have been made based on the results of the tests performed. General industry acceptance of the standardized testing procedure will be sought by publication and presentation of the results of the project. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339180 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53183 NT53183\(10) Commercial FRP Testing - Some Case Histories, \(20) Peacock, M.J. Stockbridge, S.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, PRESSURE VESSELS, STORAGE VESSELS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 200-208; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The paper examines some of the FRP tests carried out by DNV. They range from the routine testing of new or in-service vessels to evaluation of already doubtful tanks. Several case histories are highlighted along with updated statistics covering all tests. We will look at data evaluation by the CARP criteria and show that AE testing remains a highly effective inspection tool for FRP equipment. Problems with interpretation of marginal cases are discussed with suggestions for improvement to the analysis process. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339179 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53182 NT53182\(10) Characterization of Failure Mechanisms in Graphite/Epoxy Tensile Test Specimens Using Acoustic Emission Data, \(20) Ely, Thomas M. Hill, Eric K. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 13 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, TENSILE TESTS, GRAPHITE EPOXY, FAILURE MECHANISMS, CHARACTERIZATION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 187-199; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The purpose of this work was to characterize the failure mechanisms in composite tensile test specimens using acoustic emission (AE) data. Previous research has shown that the quantification of the AE matrix cracking data at the onset of loading can be used to generate an accurate (+/- 5%) ultimate strength prediction equation. Here it is envisioned that by quantifying more than one of the failure mechanisms the accuracy of the prediction equation will improve to within +/- 1%. Thus, identifying the characteristic AE parameters from each mechanism was the first step in the attainment of this goal and the subject of this paper. \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339178 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53181 NT53181\(10) Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Damage Initiation and Development in a Motor Car Part Under Dynamic Load, \(20) Waeber, R.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS, FATIGUE TESTS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 182-186; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Dynamic fatigue testing was carried out on a common injection moulded component of an automotive engine. Measurements of acoustic emission activity throughout the testing of the components provided the possibility of an early warning against the initiation of macroscopic flaws. Frictional noise coming from the clamps could be eliminated by using a linear location algorithm. \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339177 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53180 NT53180\(10) Acoustic Emission Pre-Failure Warning System for Composite Structural Tests, \(20) Dykes, B.C. Hardrath, W.T. Ulm, D.S. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, AIRCRAFT, STRUCTURES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 175-181. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) In the testing of large-scale composite test articles there is always the risk of losing the structure through failure at loads less than the design ultimate load. The potential financial impact is obvious. Less obvious is the impact that the loss of a prototype article at less than design ultimate can have on certification and delivery of aircraft. Acoustic Emission (AE) offers the possibility of providing some warning of impending failure in these articles. To explore this application, a specialized Acoustic Emission Pre-Failure Warning System (AEPWS) has been designed and built. Two applications of the AEPWS are described. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339176 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53179 NT53179\(10) Experimental Approach of Damage Evolution in GRP Pipes by Application of the CARP Procedure for Acoustic Emission Monitoring, \(20) Yrieix, Marie-Claire Boveyron, Claude Reger, Michel Herve, Catherine Cherfaoui, Mohamed\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC, PIPES, PROCEDURES, ASTM.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 165-174; 1 ref. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Qualification tests following the CARP procedure (ASTM E 1118) have been performed on glass fiber reinforced polyester and vinylester pipes, in as-received conditions, containing impacts and intentionally introduced manufacturing defects. These tests show that the CARP procedure can be used for conservative detection of defects and evaluation of their noxiousness towards internal pressure. Complementary tests, correlated with damage measurement, indicate the information given by the different criteria, and show the importance of viscoelastic properties of the matrix. A statistical method has been used for the results' analysis.\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339175 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53178 NT53178\(10) AE Measurements on the Corrosion Detection in Reinforced Concrete Beams, \(20) Murakami, Yuji Ohtsu, Masayasu Yamashita, Hidetoshi Suzuki, Atsushi\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CONCRETE, REINFORCED CONCRETE, BEAMS(STRUCTURAL), CORROSION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 157-164; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The deterioration of concrete structures due to salt damage is widely reported. Therefore, from the maintenance viewpoint, methods for early detection of reinforcement corrosion are seriously requested. AE activity of rebar corrosion under galvanic action in reinforced concrete is observed experimentally. Thus AE activity of corroded reinforced concrete is compared with that of non-corroded reinforced concrete, subjected to bending failure. Results suggest a promise for the estimation of corrosion in reinforced concrete members from AE observation. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339174 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53177 NT53177\(10) Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Aramid FRP Bars and a FRP Reinforced Concrete Beam, \(20) Chen, H.L. Sami, Z. GangaRao, H.V.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CONCRETE, COMPOSITES, ARAMID, FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS, BEAMS(STRUCTURAL), REINFORCED CONCRETE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 17-31, 1992; 147-156; 16 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Acoustic Emission (AE) was studied in Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastic (AFRP) bars under direct tension. Sand coated grips having an inner layer of sand and epoxy were found to be ideal to transfer the load without causing failure in the grips. Linear location method was employed during testing, which helped in locating the AE sources and eliminating the AE signals from the areas of no interest. Distributed failure along the length of the bars was observed both visually and through AE results. Test results show that AE events were continuously happening from the beginning of the load up to failure along the length of each specimen. The effect of wave attenuation was taken into account in a quantitative analysis of the peak amplitude distribution of the AE waves. The measured b-value was shown to be almost similar among the specimens for the compensated peak amplitude distribution. The peak amplitude from AFRP bars is considerably influenced by the wave attenuation. Distributions of events by ringdown counts and rise time were found to be almost similar in every specimen and the pattern is discussed. AE was studied in one FRP reinforced concrete (FRPRC) beam under bending. The peak events rate and its corresponding duration seem to be useful in describing the physical conditions of a concrete beam at different loading stages. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339173 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53176 NT53176\(10) Discrimination of Cracking and Estimation of Cracking Width Developed in Reinforced Concrete Structures by Acoustic Emission, \(20) Okamoto, T. Tomita, R. Fujiwara, H. Kajio, S. Yuyama, S.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CONCRETE, REINFORCED CONCRETE, DISBONDS, DEBONDING, CYCLIC LOADING, CRACKS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 139-146; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The acoustic emission (AE) behavior of reinforced concrete structures under cyclic loading were studied. The development of flexural cracking, shear cracking and reinforcement bond slip induced in reinforced concrete members were monitored by AE, visual observation and measured value of crack widths and deflections. Loading Tests of an 'L' shaped rigid frame of reinforced concrete were carried out. From the tests, the AE sources and their amplitude levels could be clearly discriminated by comparing the AE data with the induced cracking types. It was revealed that the Kaiser Effect was observed for flexural cracking widths less than 0.15 - 0.20 mm, but diminished for flexural cracking widths exceeding 0.15 - 0.20 mm and with the occurrence of shear cracking the Kaiser Effect becomes a very effective method for estimating the level of deterioration in concrete structures. Moment tensor analysis was applied to classify crack types and to determine crack orientations in the rigid reinforced concrete frame. Orientations and directions of tensile cracks and shear cracks corresponded to visual observation of the cracking process. (Author/Modified).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339172 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53175 NT53175\(10) Rate Process Analysis of AE Activity to Evaluate the Deterioration of Concrete by Core Tests, \(20) Matsuyama, Kimitoshi Ohtsu, Masayasu\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CONCRETE, CORES, DETERIORATION, IN SITU, LIFE PREDICTION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 132-138; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) To evaluate lifespan of concrete structures and to determine proper rehabilitation, the development of in situ nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques is urgently required. For this purpose, an advanced technique for determining the degree of concrete deterioration is investigated. The degree of concrete deterioration is normally evaluated by uniaxial compression tests of core samples taken from existing concrete structures. The observation of AE (acoustic emission) activity is conducted during tests. Generating behavior of AE is quantitatively analyzed on the basis of the rate process theory. According to the stochastic procedure assumed, the rate represents the degree of deterioration. Here, concrete samples deteriorated artificially are tested to confirm the effectivity of the rate process analysis. These include the deterioration due to alkali aggregate reaction, freezing-thawing process, and reinforcement corrosion. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339171 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53174 NT53174\(10) Amplitude Distribution Modelling and Ultimate Strength Prediction of ASTM D-3039 Graphite/Epoxy Tensile Specimens,\(20) Walker, James L., II Hill, Eric K. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 17 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, GRAPHITE EPOXY COMPOSITES, AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS, MODELS(SIMULATIONS).; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 115-131; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) As the aerospace industry increases its usage of composite materials in primary structures, techniques must be developed to nondestructively predict and monitor structural integrity at low proof stresses. Predicting ultimate strengths of composite structures by means of a statistical analysis of acoustic emission (AE) amplitude data will provide industry with a much needed quality control tool. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of predicting ultimate strengths at stress levels less than 25% of the expected ultimate strength, thereby reducing the unintentional structural damage caused by higher proof loads. The research presented herein has shown than an ultimate strength prediction equation can be generated for ASTM D-3039 unidirectional graphite/epoxy tensile specimens. From an original sample set of six specimens, a multivariate statistical analysis was used to generate an ultimate strength prediction equation. The variables of the multivariate statistical analysis were obtained through the mathematical modelling of the low amplitude (matrix cracking) portion of the specimens' AE amplitude distributions produced during the early stages of proof testing. A Weibull distribution was used to represent the amplitude band and its parameters were correlated with known failure strengths to produce ultimate strength prediction equations. Ultimate strengths were then accurately predicted at proof stresses less than 25% of the expected failure stress for several randomly drawn tensile coupons. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339170 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53173 NT53173\(10) Interfacial Shear Properties and Acoustic Emission Behavior of Model Aluminum and Titanium Matrix Composites, \(20) Roman, I. Krishnamumurthy, S. Miracle, D.B. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ISRAEL, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, INTERMETALLIC MATRIX COMPOSITES, METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES, COMPOSITES, INTERFACES, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 109-114; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Interfaces between matrix and reinforcement play a critical role in determining the mechanical properties of intermetallic and metal matrix composites (IMC's and MMCs), which are potential candidates for advanced aerospace structural applications due to increased specific strength when compared to monolithic alloys. However, experimental techniques capable of determining interfacial mechanical properties of MMCs are not yet sufficiently established. Fiber push-out and fragmentation testing techniques have been developed and employed to examine interfacial properties in polymeric composites and in ceramic matrix composites. It is the purpose of this work to examine the applicability of the fragmentation method along with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring techniques to characterize the mechanical properties of interfaces in model IMC's and MMCs. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339169 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53172 NT53172\(10) Application of Acoustic Emission to the Study of Microfissure Damage to Composites Used in the Aeronautic and Space Industries,\(20) Perami, R. Grezes-Besset, R. Prince, W.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, AGING(MATERIALS), AEROSPACE MATERIALS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 99-108; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) As part of research performed in Toulouse dealing with the aging of composite materials likely to be used in the aeronautics and space fields, experiments have been carried out on various hybrid glass-carbon and kevlar laminates. A special apparatus was developed incorporating a prototype AE device. It is also possible to simultaneously measure the permeability to gases circulating through the network of cracks. The experiments performed show that certain plastics reinforced by high-modulus fibres such as aramide Kevlar 49 or HR and HM carbon fibers are particularly prone to progressive cracking. This behaviour is comparable to that of certain heterogeneous granular materials. Two successive microcracking thresholds can be demonstrated in this case, with two distinct phases of microcracking. The complementary use of these two techniques, AE and permeability variations, make it possible to analyze cracking under loads, fatigue due to repeated mechanical cycles, and physical chemical aging phenomena. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339168 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53171 NT53171\(10) Study on Fracture Mechanisms of Short Fiber Reinforced PET by Acoustic Emission Method (Effects of Notch Length and Fiber Content), \(20) Suzuki, Megumu Kida, Sotoaki Morohashi, Shigeru Miyashita, Hisanori\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, FRACTURE MECHANICS, COMPOSITES, SLOTS, FIBERS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 89-98; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Effects of notch length and fiber content on the tensile fracture behavior of short fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (FRPET) are studied by using the acoustic emission (AE) method. The cumulative AE event count and the total AE energy increase with increase in the notch length. The total AE energy decrease with increase in the fiber content, but the cumulative AE event count has a maximum value at a fiber content by volume of 17.3%. The log-log plot of relation between the total AE energy and the stress intensity factor has two broken points of K sub b and K sub c. The ratios of P sub b/P sub max and P sub c/P sub max are about constant at the various notch lengths and the fiber contents, where the P sub b and P sub c are loads determined by K sub b and K sub c, and the P sub max is the maximum load. The fracture mechanisms at the applied loads of P sub b/P sub max and P sub c/P sub max are made clear by the relation between the damage state at the notch tip and the AE frequency spectrum. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339167 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53170 NT53170\(10) Use of Acoustic Emission to Monitor Fatigue Damage in Short Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics, \(20) Hoppel, Christopher P. Pangborn, Robert N. Tittmann, Bernhard R. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, THERMOPLASTICS, FATIGUE DAMAGE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 79-88; 20 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Acoustic emission has been used to monitor and evaluate fatigue damage in short glass fiber reinforced styrene-maleic anhydride (S/MA). Injection molded test specimens were subjected to tension-tension (R=0.1) fatigue and AE data were collected throughout the testing. Event, energy and frequency analysis were used to evaluate the extent and character of the damage. To study the acoustic emissions, the fatigue behavior of both unreinforced S/MA and S/MA reinforced with short glass fibers were studied. The unreinforced S/MA served as a reference material to indicate the types of emissions that are produced by the matrix material. These materials have been tested under both wet (submerged in water at 25 C) and dry (50% relative humidity at 25 C) conditions. Acoustic emission results showed that the fatigue life curve is comprised of three stages and that the energy and frequency content of the acoustic signals can be useful in characterizing the damage incurred during these stages. The first stage is characterized by a large amount of new damage, with acoustic emissions occurring throughout the hysteresis loop. In the second stage, the acoustic emissions are very low in energy and they tend to occur at the peak load in the fatigue cycle. In the third and final stage, the acoustic emissions start to occur at the lower strains associated with each cycle. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339166 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53169 NT53169\(10) AE-Testing of Glass/Carbon Hybrid Composites with Polypropylene, Modar, Epoxy, Vinylester and Phenolic Matrices, \(20) Lemascon, Alain Melve, Bjorn Robinson, Mark\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, GLASS FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 71-78; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Glassfibre and carbonfibre reinforced hybrid composites with matrices of polypropylene, Modar, epoxy, vinyester and phenolic resins were tested with acoustic emission. The materials were tested in tension, compression and bending. The polypropylene matrix was much less active than the thermoset resins. The samples with carbonfibre on the outside were more active during tensile loading than the ones with glassfibre on the outside because of splitting of the carbon layers. The onset of acoustic activity was earlier for the hybrid versus non-hybrid materials in tension. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339165 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53168 NT53168\(10) Characterization of Fiber Failure in Graphite-Epoxy Composites,\(20) Mittelman, A. Roman, I. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ISRAEL, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, GRAPHITE EPOXY COMPOSITES, FAILURE, FIBERS.,; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 65-70; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An approach that includes utilizing the moments of the Peak Amplitude Distribution (PAD) of the Acoustic Emission (AE) activity for damage mechanisms characterization in fiber reinforced composites (FRP) has been employed. The objective of this research was to distinguish between fibers and non-fibers damage mechanisms. This was conducted by analyzing the statistical moments value of the PAD. Unidirectional graphite-epoxy tensile specimens with fiber volume fraction of 0.55 manufactured by filament winding were tested. Two groups of specimens were examined: 1. Common specimens - the specimens response to loading and the final failure mode were as expected for this unidirectional graphite FRP; 2. Specimens of which the fibers were exposed by dissolving the epoxy in a limited area. Loading of these specimens caused massive fibers failures during loading. The specimens failed by fiber breakage in the exposed area. It was found that in common specimens the amount of AE activity was significantly smaller than in the exposed ones. In addition, the values of the statistical moments for the two groups were significantly different. The main difference was at stress levels lower than the ultimate strength. The results have shown that as the stress level in common specimen approached the ultimate strength, the values of the moments approached those observed for the exposed specimens throughout their entire loading range. The results were explained by inspection of the damage modes. This was done in parallel to the AE investigation, by utilizing optical and metallurgical methods. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339164 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53167 NT53167\(10) Acoustical Analysis of Transverse Lamina Cracking in CFRP Laminates under Tensile Loading,\(20) Ohsawa, Isamu Kimpara, Isao Kageyama, Kazuro Suzuki, Toshio\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, LAMINATES, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS, CRACKS, TENSILE LOADING, HIGH TEMPERATURE, FELICITY EFFECT.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 55-64; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The cracking process and the AE characteristics of three types of laminates, (0/90 sub 6) sub s, (0/90 sub 2) sub s and (90 sub 2/0) sub s, were investigated for 170 C cured epoxy resin reinforced by a high strength carbon fiber, T300/3631, composite system. Tensile coupons were used to get the basic data of mechanical properties, the transverse cracking process and the AE amplitude distribution. Static cyclic tensile tests were performed by progressively increasing the peak load until the final fracture. Transverse cracks were detected by using fluorescent enhanced micrography and the crack spacing was measured during the cyclic tension test. The onset of acoustic emission was monitored for each cycle and the Felicity ratio was calculated. It is shown that acoustic emission characteristics depend on the stacking configuration of the laminates, and the high amplitude acoustic emission correlate to the transverse lamina cracking. However, the progressive increase of the transverse crack does not affect the change inmodulus and decrease in Felicity ratio. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339163 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53166 NT53166\(10) Acoustic Emission Behavior During Tensile Fracture of Resin-Impregnated Strands of Pitch-Based Carbon Fiber, \(20) Nanjyo, A. Mohri, M. Ono, K.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, CARBON FIBERS, E-GLASS, RESINS, TENSILE FRACTURE.,;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 44-54; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Acoustic emission (AE) was monitored during tensile fracture testing of resin-impregnated strands of high-strength, high-modulus pitch-based carbon fibers, PAN-based carbon fibers and E-glass fibers. The influence of the degree of surface treatment and the Weibull coefficient of filament strength of the pitch-based carbon fibers on AE behavior was also investigated. Resin-impregnated strands were made from pitch-based carbon fibers of a single lot with varying degrees of surface treatment. When the degree of surface treatment of the carbon fiber was low, many filament pull-outs were observed, accompanied by many long-duration (> 75 ms) AE signals having high peak amplitudes. With high degree of surface treatment, almost, no filament pull-outs were observed and few long-duration AE signals were detected. The vast majority of observed AE signals had shorter duration\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339162 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53165 NT53165\(10) Acoustic Emission Behaviour of Advanced Stitched Composites by RTM Process Under Impact Loads,\(20) Bonora, N. Caneva, C. Marchetti, M. Mazzola, M.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ITALY, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, IMPACT TESTS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 36-43; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Composite materials reinforced by stitching were the object of this investigation. The stitching effect on the compression behaviours after impact was studied in glass fibres laminates. Two different stitched reinforced and three different impacting level were used in the experimental program. The results of the compression tests after impact show that substantial differences between the stitched composites material and the regular composites are not well enhanced. This kind of test is not sufficient to characterize the differences on damage tolerance process in these two different materials. On the contrary, the damage accumulation process and its evolution are well observed using acoustic emission technique. Acoustic emission measurements on the stitched composite reveal that fibre failure and delamination happen as soon as load is applied while in the no-stitched composite fibre failure begin to appears only for load level close to the collapse load. Acoustic Emission is able to give information not only on the damage evolution in different composite materials but also can be usefully used to predict the residual life of components after\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339161 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53164 NT53164\(10) Acoustic Emission Characterization of Damage Evolution During Tensile Testing of SiC/BMAS Ceramic Composites, \(20) Roman, I. Zawada, L.P. \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ISRAEL, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, TENSILE TESTS, CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES, HIGH TEMPERATURE, DEFORMATION, FRACTURE(MECHANICS), FATIGUE CRACKS, STRESS STRAIN RELATIONS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 29-35; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Glass-ceramic matrices reinforced with ceramic fibers are candidates for replacing traditional structural materials in 21st century gas turbines and aerospace structures. These materials are intended for elevated temperature applications as they retain their high specific strength and stiffness and possess adequate toughness at high service temperatures. A limited number of studies have characterized the mechanical properties of this emerging class of advanced materials at elevated temperatures in monotonic tension. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct tension tests, at 25 & 1000 C, on a representative advanced high temperature ceramic matrix composite (CMC), while monitoring the acoustic emission (AE), produced during loading, to characterize the microscopic deformation and fracture mechanisms. Specifically, the intent was to employ AE to identify the onset and extent of matrix cracking, as well as the relationship of stress-strain behavior to AE activity, for a CMC system tested at both ambient temperature and 1000 C. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339160 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53163 NT53163\(10) Preliminary Investigation of the Acoustic Emission Generated During the Deformation and Fracture of Graphite-Borosilicate Glass Composites, \(20) Carpenter, Steve H. Chen, Otis Tredway, William K. Prewo, Karl M.\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, DEFORMATION, FRACTURE(MECHANICS), COMPOSITES, GLASS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 19-28; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The acoustic emission has been measured and characterized during both tensile and compressive deformation and fracture for three different graphite-borosilicate glass composite materials. Samples with discontinuous, randomly oriented in 2-D, graphite fibers as well as samples with continuous graphite fibers were tested. Two types of continuous fibers with significantly different strengths and moduli were investigated. The mechanical properties as well as the acoustic emission generated depended strongly on the type and modulus of the reinforcement fiber. A wide range of acoustic emission parameters were measured to better correlate the measured acoustic emission with deformation and fracture mechanisms. It is believed that the measured acoustic emission can be directly related to ongoing deformation and fracture processes within the composite materials. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339159 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53162 NT53162\(10) Microfracture Analysis of Ceramics and Composite by Acoustic Emission,\(20) Kishi, Teruo \(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CERAMICS, COMPOSITES, MICROFRACTURE.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-4; July 27-31, 1992; 11-18; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Acoustic emission (AE) technique is a powerful one of materials investigation. In the case of ceramics, two types of fracture processes such as Weibull distribution process and stochastic process have to be quantitatively understood. While in the case of composite materials quantitative evaluation of debonding behaviors is one of the most important approaches to characterize the fracture behavior of composite materials. In this paper two recent attractive applications of acoustic emission single analysis in these field are presented. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53161). \(9) na\(23) ADD339158 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53161 NT53161\(10) Fourth International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials. \(20) na\(11) 01 Jan 1992\(15) 452 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-44-8, PROCEEDINGS, CONFERENCES, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, TENSILE LOADING, TENSILE TESTS, CRACKS, CONCRETE, AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS, NEURAL NETWORKS, PATTERN RECOGNITION, WOOD, SIGNAL ANALYSIS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Contains conference papers organized as follows: Material Studies; Structural Integrity Applications; Applications - State-of-the-Art; Applications - Works in Progress; Applications - Specialized; Applications - Wood; Signal Analysis; Signal Analysis - Literature Review. (NTIAC/gta). Descriptive Note: AECM-4.\(24) Proceedings of a conference held July 27-31, 1992, Seattle, WA. For individual papers see NT-53162 - NT-53208.\(9) na\(23) ADD339157 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53423 NT53423\(10) Eddy Current Testing of Cast Iron Brake Disks,\(20) Fiset, M. Rousseau, G. Roy, F.\(11) 01 Oct 1991\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0245-8292, NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, EDDY CURRENT TESTS, BRAKES, CAST IRON, DISCS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Revue de Metallurgie'; Memoires et Etudes Scientifiques; 88,10; October 1991; 671-678; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) To optimize hardness control of grey cast iron parts using eddy currents, the physical and metallurgical variables conditioning the response to an Eddy current probe and hardness respectively were isolated. A simulation program allowed the effects of the various properties on the surface and in the core of disks to be judged on the viability of measurements made from the surface. An appropriate representation from the impedance plane made it easier to obtain a parameter that may be directly linked to the hardness of parts from standards while eliminating the 'lift-off' effect. Finally, considerations were made for the frequency of the operation depending on whether cast or machined parts are examined. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In French- order photocopy no. 9403-220301).\(9) na\(23) ADD339375 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53325 NT53325\(10) Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of Rubber/Metal Bond Surfaces Using Obliquely Incident Ultrasonic Waves. \(20) Diercks, K.J. \(11) 01 Jul 1991\(15) 51 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ULTRASONICS, BONDS, TRANSVERSE WAVES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Prepared by Texas Research Institute Austin, Inc., 9063 Bee Caves Road, Austin, TX 78733-6201. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This report describes the successful implementation of an ultrasonic method for detecting and imaging differences in bonding between the adherends in a rubber/metal laminate. Test specimens were prepared using various thicknesses of stainless steel plate and neuprene rubber. Variations in bondedness were created by failure to prepare the metal surface, failure to apply adhesive and/or use of a mold release compound. The frequency range investigated was from 0.5 to 5 MHz. The method was successful in differentiating all of the different (de) bond types in the test specimens. Several rubber encapsulated Navy transducer assemblies, some prepared with debonds, some not, were also successfully evaluated: that is, all of the known and some previously unknown debonds were detected. The method is applicable to flat laminates, and in some cases to curvilinear surfaces. Basic instrumentation and data acquisition/display requirements are described. (Author). Descriptive Note: Final Report, \(24) Prepared for Office of Naval Research, 800 N. Quincy Street, Arlington, VA 22217-5000.\(9) na\(23) ADD339283 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53400 NT53400\(10) Computer Technology and Image Processing in Eddy Current Testing for Airplanes,\(20) Tietze, M.\(11) 01 Jun 1991\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, COMPUTERS, IMAGE PROCESSING, EDDY CURRENTS, AIRCRAFT.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Materialprufung'; 33,6; June 1991; 162-165. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Recently, a novel, highly sophisticated hand-operated eddy-current flow-induced electromagnetic test instrument has been developed that can be conveniently used for the inspection of aircraft components before and after assembly or for maintenance. The measuring device is numerically controlled with the aid of a microcomputer and its prime purpose is to maximize accuracy and detection capability beyond that possible by human inspection. Thus the potential for early failure warning and remedial action is greatly enhanced. The main objective is to describe the role of the microelectronics in graphically presenting the defect dimensions and the computer-aided evaluation in graphically presenting the defect dimensions and the computer-aided evaluation of the test signals. Successes in using this mobile and in part portable system for 100% inspection in production as well as overhaul work are described. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In German). Order photocopy no. 9307-220478.\(9) na\(23) ADD339352 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53399 NT53399\(10) Requirements for Image Processing in an Automatic Evaluation of Magnetic Particle and Liquid Penetrant Inspection,\(20) Stadthaus, M. Thomas, H.M. Haeger, H.\(11) 01 Jun 1991\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, IMAGE PROCESSING, AUTOMATION, LIQUID PENETRANT INSPECTION, MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Materialprufung; 33,6; June 1991; 166-169; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Economics dictates that the inspection of individual work pieces singly or in lots by means of magnetic particle or dye penetrant techniques should be subjected to an automated evaluation, a fact that has been increasingly recognized by industry in recent years. The great number of variables associated on the one hand with the material and shape of the parts, and on the other with the various types of defects that may occur, must be accommodated by the specific image processing equipment. To illustrate the point, an instrument developed for a broad image processing application range is described with details of construction, components, and operation. The essentials of image pickup and degree of image resolution are presented and image processing algorithms for pattern evaluation are described. As an example, the results of image generation and evaluation are presented for a magnetic particle inspection. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In German). Order photocopy no. 9307-220479.\(9) na\(23) ADD339351 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53398 NT53398\(10) Determination of the Anisotropy of Characteristics of Elasticity by the Contact-Impedance Method, \(20) Baranov, V.M. Kalyadin, A. Kudryavtsev, E.M. \(11) 01 Apr 1991\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, ANISOTROPY, ELASTIC PROPERTIES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Zavodskaya Laboratoriya; 57,4; April 1991; 64-66; 5 refs. \(21) A method for the determination of the degree of anisotropy based on registration of the changes in the resonance frequency of the resonator in contact with the object is described. This method can be used in metallic and non-metallic materials. Monocrystals of zirconium and molybdenum were tested as well as sheets of aluminum-alloy D16 and copper to determine anisotropy of their elastic properties. (Editor). \(24) Avaiable from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian). Order photocopy no. 9307-220491.\(9) na\(23) ADD339350 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53429 NT53429\(10) Non-Destructive Quality Assurance by Ultrasonic Microscope,\(20) Arndt, W. \(11) 01 Feb 1991\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, QUALITY ASSURANCE, ULTRASONIC MICROSCOPY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Werkstoff und Innovation'; 4,1; February 1991; 53-55. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Techniques are common by which the test sample quality is judged from signs of deterioration, fatigue, wear, cracks or break during the test. The article presents a progressive method now realized with the ultrasonic microscope Elsam which allows nondestructive testing below the sample surface. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In German - order photocopy no. 9403-B20169Z). \(9) na\(23) ADD339381 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53917 NT53917\(10) Application of Fuzzy Control to Processes Handling Granular Materials and Powders,\(20) Wada, Kenzo\(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 13 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 0288-4534, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, FUZZY SYSTEMS, PROCESS CONTROL.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Kena'; 9; 1991; 94-106; 16 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The applications of fuzzy control to the process handling granular materials and powders are summarized by centering on the examples of fuzzy control in industries and the experiments at author's laboratory. Many examples of application have not been reported yet because it is only a short time elapsed since the start of application of the fuzzy control. However the fuzzy control is the very effective control method for the process that cannot be controlled enough by using the conventional control method in the past. It is considered that the fuzzy control comes to be incorporated actively into the process control in near future.\(24) Published by Party of Powder Technology, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan. \(9) 10 Jul 1996\(23) ADD339797 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53487 NT53487\(10) Effect of Model Uncertainty on the Accuracy of Global Nondestructive Damage Detection in Structures, \(20) Stubbs, N. Kim, J.T. Topole, K.G. \(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) MODELS(SIMULATIONS), DAMAGE DETECTION, STRUCTURES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Computational Stochastic Mechanics'; 1991; 157-168; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An investigation of the effect of model uncertainty on the accuracy of damage localization is presented. A theory of damage localization is summarized. The validity of the theory is demonstrated experimentally. To evaluate the effect of model uncertainty on localization accuracy, a numerical experiment is performed to evaluate the effect of model uncertainty on localization accuracy. It is shown that localization accuracy depends on the magnitude of the model uncertainty, the location of the uncertainty, the location of the damage, and the relative magnitude of the damage and the model uncertainty. (Author). \(24) Published by Elsevier Applied Science.\(9) na\(23) ADD339439 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53480 NT53480\(10) Multi-Sensor Fusion for Nondestructive Inspection of Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials,\(20) Jain, A.K. Dubuisson, M.P. Madhakar, M.S.\(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) X RADIOGRAPHY, ULTRASONICS, C-SCAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITE STRUCTURES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Proceedings of the American Society for Composites Sixth Technical Conference: Composite Materials, Mechanics and Processing'; October 7-9, 1991; Albany, NY 941-950; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A variety of NDI techniques are available to detect the local inhomogeneities in a composite structure. Each of these techniques provides only part of the information about the existing defects and damage. In order to obtain conclusive information about the location, size, shape, and criticality of the existing flaws, several NDI techniques should be employed. We have chosen to use X-radiography, ultrasonic C-scan and acoustic emission techniques in this research. Specimens containing artificially introduced defects are subjected to stress and acoustic emission is recorded. Peaks in the location distribution histogram of events show the location of the defects. The specimens are then imaged using ultrasonic C-scan and X-radiography. An image segmentation technique is used to extract the defects in the X-ray and C-scan images. A multi-sensor fusion technique is then utilized to construct a complete map of the defects using the location and the shape of the defects in the X-ray and C-scan images, and the location of the defects in the histogram of events obtained from acoustic emission. (Author). \(24) Published by Technomic Publishing Co., Box 3535, Lancaster, PA 17604. \(9) na\(23) ADD339433 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53462 NT53462\(10) Detection of Subsurface Tensile Stress in an Aircraft Engine Mainshaft Bearing Using Barkhausen Noise,\(20) Ogden, W.P.\(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) SUBSURFACE, TENSILE STRESS, AIRCRAFT ENGINES, SHAFTS(MACHINE ELEMENTS), BEARINGS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Practical Applications of Residual Stress Technology'; Proc. 3rd Intl. Conf.; 15-17 May 1991; Indianapolis, IN; 161-167; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Abusive grinding can create undesirable subsurface residual stress patterns which can degrade aircraft main engine bearing performance. M50 steel is a high speed tool steel with excellent high temperature hardness properties which is used almost exclusively for turbine engine ball and roller bearing applications. This material is susceptible to a form of overtempering during grinding which only produces subsurface tensile stress. Conventional nondestructive inspection techniques, such as surface temper etch and eddy current, will detect grind damage if accompanied by a microstructural or hardness change but are not sensitive to residual tensile stress. Barkhausen Noise inspection has been shown effective in detecting residual stress variations in other materials susceptible to grind damage. This paper reviews a practical application of Barkhausen Noise inspection used to detect subsurface residual tensile stress in an engine mainshaft M50 roller bearing. (Author).\(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339414 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53461 NT53461\(10) Evaluation of Surface and Subsurface Stresses with Barkhausen Noise: A Numerical Approach,\(20) Francino, P. Tiitto, K.\(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) STRESSES, SURFACE, SUBSURFACE, BARKHAUSEN NOISE, CRACKS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Practical Applications of Residual Stress Technology'; Proc. 3rd Intl. Conf; 15-17 May 1991; Indianapolis, IN; 131-135; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The evaluation of residual stress is of great interest since it can affect fatigue life. Many failures initiate at or near the surface. This criticality of surface integrity makes stress evaluations in these locations important. In this work, a mathematical model has been developed to predict the Barkhausen noise signal for various stress profiles. Two weighting functions were needed for the numerical work. The first weight accounts for the greater Barkhausen response that is produced by tension as compared to compression stress. The other weight accounts for the effect of the damping of the noise. This model demonstrates the suitability of the technique to detect subsurface stresses, whether tensile or compressive. To qualify the model experimental results were used to compare to calculated values. (Author).\(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339413 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53460 NT53460\(10) Measurement and Prediction of Residual Elastic Strain Distributions in Stationary and Traveling Gas Tungsten Arc Welds,\(20) Mahin, K.W. Winters, W.S. Holden, T. Root, J. \(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) STRAIN MEASUREMENT, TUNGSTEN, ARC WELDS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Practical Applications of Residual Stress Technology'; Proc. 3rd Int'l. Conf.; 15-17 May 1991; Indianapolis, IN; 103-109; 14 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The residual elastic strain distributions developed in stationary and single-pass gas tungsten arc welds on 304L stainless steel were determined by neutron diffraction and finite element simulation techniques. Comparisons of the experimental measurements and the numerical calculations was done on the basis of residual elastic strains, rather than residual stresses, to avoid introduction of error into the experimental data, which measures strain. Using the neutron diffraction technique, reliable experimental measurements of the residual elastic strain distributions were obtained both through-the-thickness and in the plane of the welds. This data provided an excellent experimental basis for comparison with the numerical calculations, allowing us to assess both the accuracy of the analysis and the sensitivity of the analysis to different boundary condition assumptions. The numerical analysis was performed with a fully coupled thermal-mechanical code in which the equations of motion and heat conduction are solved simultaneously and heat transfer due to conduction, radiation, and natural/forced convection from a free surface is taken into account. The thermal portion of the analysis was tuned using experimentally determined thermocouple histories. This paper discusses many of the issues associated with accurately modeling or measuring the residual elastic strains and indicates the conditons under which the numerical calculations were able to accurately predict the residual elastic strain distribution in actual\(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339412 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53459 NT53459\(10) Neutron Diffraction Measurements of Residual Stress Near a Pin Hole in a Solid-Fuel Booster Rocket Casing,\(20) Root, J.H. Hosbons, R.R. Holden, T.M. \(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) NEUTRON DIFFRACTION, RESIDUAL STRESS, SOLID ROCKET MOTORS, ROCKET ENGINE CASES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Practical Applications of Residual Stress Technology'; Proc. 3rd Int'l. Conf.; 15-17 May 1991; Indianapolis, IN; 83-93; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Elastic strains in the axial, hoop and normal directions have been measured by neutron diffraction at about sixty locations between the pin hole and the end of the tang of a solid-fuel booster rocket casing. The largest strains were found to be near the pin hole in the region that yields under a combination of pin bearing and hoop tension loadings. Here, the maximum elastic compressive hoop strain was (-23 +/- 2) x .0001 and the tensile axial and normal strains were (12 +/- 2) x .0001. The detailed strain profiles were compared with the predictions of a finite-element calculation based on a classical incremental elastic-plastic material model. The calculations were found to be in qualitative agreement with the neutron diffraction results. This work was done in association with Thiokol Corp. (Author). \(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339411 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53458 NT53458\(10) Use of X-Ray Diffraction to Determine the Triaxial Stress State in Cylindrical Specimens, \(20) Prevey, P.S. Mason, P.W.\(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) X RAY DIFFRACTION, CYLINDERS, RESIDUAL STRESS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Practical Applications of Residual Stress Technology'; Proc. 3rd Int'l. Conf.; 15-17 May 1991; Indianapolis, IN; 77-81; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A method of determining the axial, circumferential and radial residual stress distributions in cylindrical specimens is described. The axial and circumferential residual stresses are measured directly by x-ray diffraction at the free cylindrical surface exposed by machining and electropolishing. The radial stress component is then calculated from an integral of the circumferential stress at the free surface as a function of depth by the method of Moore and Evans. The method is applicable only to cylindrical samples with rotationally symmetrical stress distributions from which complete cylindrical shells are removed for subsurface measurement. The method does not require prior knowledge of the stress-free lattice spacing, and thus provides a means of verifying neutron and x-ray diffraction methods of full tensor stress determination. The stress-free lattice constant, d0, is also calculated as a function of depth from the sum of the principal stresses. Application of the method, to determine the triaxial residual stress distribution in an induction hardened 1045 steel multi-axial fatigue specimen, is described. The variation in the stress-free lattice spacing of the (211) planes with depth is estimated through the hardened case and into the core material. \(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339410 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53457 NT53457\(10) Ultrasonic Measurements of Residual Stress in Railroad Wheels,\(20) Schramm, R.E. Clark, A.V. Mitrakovic, D.V. Schaps, S.R. \(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ULTRASONICS, RAILROAD WHEELS, RESIDUAL STRESS, ELECTROMAGNETIC-ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Practical Applications of Residual Stress Technology'; Proc. 3rd Int'l. Conf.; 15-17 May 1991; Indianapolis, IN; 61-67; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Stress has subtle effects on acoustic properties and exploiting these may lead to a field-usable system to detect and measure residual stress in the rims of railroad wheels. Acoustic birefringence is the underlying principle of operation. This is a measure of the relative difference in the propagation times of two shear waves polarized in radial and circumferential directions. The ultrasonic probe here is an EMAT (electromagnetic-acoustic transducer). This type of transducer requires little or no surface preparation and no acoustic couplant. The system operates in a pulse-echo mode. A short burst of shear horizontal waves travels through the rim thickness. The rotation of the EMAT determines the orientation of the polarization vector, radial or circumferential. Precise timing of echoes in both directions reveals the degree of birefringence. Changes are due to both stress state and metallurgical texture. Initial tests indicate it may be possible to separate these two. The Federal Railroad Administration now has this instrumentation for field tests. (Author).\(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339409 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53456 NT53456\(10) Evaluation of the Stress Distribution in Welded Steel by Measurement of the Barkhausen Noise Level,\(20) Tiitto, K. Wojtas, A.S. Vink, W.J. denOuden, G. \(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) RESIDUAL STRESS, WELDS, STEEL, BARKHAUSEN NOISE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Practical Applications of Residual Stress Technology'; Proc. 3rd Int'l. Conf.; 15-17 May 1991; Indianapolis, IN; 55-59; 15 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This paper presents the results of residual stress measurements on welded 6 mm thick low carbon steel plate by using the Barkhausen noise analysis. To convert the Barkhausen noise signal into stress units, both uniaxial and biaxial calibration was carried out on test samples cut from the same steel plate as used for the welded samples. The calibration samples were bent to generate different combinations of stresses/strains in both longitudinal and transverse directions of the sample, and these strains were measured with strain gages. Uniaxial calibration curves and biaxial calibration surfaces, depicting Barkhausen noise as a function of strain, were plotted and subsequently used to generate the stress data for the welded samples. A comparison was made between the stresses obtained with the Barkhausen noise method and X-ray diffraction. A good correlation was found, provided that proper care was taken when preparing the samples. Additional tests were made to determine the accuracy of the method from the point of view of the instrumentation. On the basis of the overall results obtained, it appears that the Barkhausen noise analysis offers a reliable method to evaluate stresses in the vicinity of welds. (Author).\(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339408 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53455 NT53455\(10) Problems with Nondestructive Surface X-Ray Diffraction Residual Stress Measurement,\(20) Prevey, P.S. \(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) X RAY DIFFRACTION, RESIDUAL STRESS, SURFACES, SUBSURFACE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Practical Applications of Residual Stress Technology'; Proc. 3rd Int'l. Conf.; 15-17 May 1991; Indianapolis, IN; 47-54; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Because surface measurements are nondestructive, x-ray diffraction is often considered as a method of residual stress measurement for quality control testing. Unfortunately, errors caused by the presence of a subsurface stress gradient and difficulties in interpreting surface results often limit the usefulness of surface data. The magnitude of the potential errors, both in measurement and in interpretation, depends upon the nature of the subsurface residual stress distribution which can only be determined destructively. Although residual stress distributions subject to these problems are commonly encountered in practice, the question of the validity of non-destructive surface results is seldom adequately considered. Examples are presented showing common residual stress distributions produced by grinding, nitriding, and shot peening which are subject to errors in measurement and/or interpretation when measured only at the surface. The methods for determining the subsurface residual stress distributions and correction for penetration of the x-ray beam are discussed along with examples of their application. The need to determine the subsurface stress distribution in order to verify the accuracy of surface measurements is emphasized. (Author).\(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339407 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53454 NT53454\(10) Assessment of Component Condition from X-Ray Diffraction Data Employing the Sin2-Psi Stress Measurement Technique,\(20) Pardue, E.B. Lowery, L.A. \(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) X RAY DIFFRACTION, RESIDUAL STRESS, PROCESS CONTROL, QUALITY CONTROL, FAILURE ANALYSIS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Practical Applications of Residual Stress Technology'; Proc. 3rd Int'l. Conf.; 15-17 May 1991; Indianapolis, IN; 39-46; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Measuring residual stresses in components is an important tool for process control, quality control, design assessment, and failure analysis. The x-ray diffraction technique is generally a non-destructive technique that provides absolute values for surface residual stresses. It can be an even more powerful diagnostic tool because of the additional information it provides on component metallurgical condition. Information obtained using the sin squared psi technique can enhance the impact of the residual stress value by providing intensity variation, diffraction peak breadth, and d-spacing versus sin squared psi data. These data can be directly related to grain size, preferred orientation, surface cold working or hardness, and process changes among other factors. The technique is also powerful in that geometric effects and sample misalignment are readily seen from the numerical and graphical data. This paper addresses the additional analysis information available from the sin squared psi technique. Supporting data are presented from a variety of components. (Author). \(24) Published by ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.\(9) na\(23) ADD339406 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53426 NT53426\(10) Defect Testing of Wire and Rod Products, \(20) Keck, R. \(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 18 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, WIRE, RODS, DEFECT DETECTION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in '14th Conference on Materials Testing in Metallurgy'; Balatonaliga, Hungary, 7-9 May 1991; 95-112; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Reliable non-destructive on-line testing of internal and surface defects is indispensable for wire and rod products drawing. In ultrasonic testing of 5-25 mm diameter products axial waves minimize the defect detection error. The electromagnetic converters generating the ultrasonic waves also produce free ultrasonic waves which are propagated in the wire or the rod and are reflected only at the interfaces. These latter waves exclude errors in the testing of relatively large diameter products and are therefore more suitable for 25-100 mm diameter wire and rod. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In German - order photocopy no. 9403-220295). \(9) na\(23) ADD339378 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53425 NT53425\(10) Acoustic Hardness Tests of Railroad Rails,\(20) Lebedev, A.A. \(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, HARDNESS TESTERS, ACOUSTICS, RAILROADS, RAIL.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 10; 1991; 36-41; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An experimental rig for testing the hardness of steel rails, based on the velocity of propagation of acoustic waves, is described. It was established that the velocity was related to the distortion of the crystal lattice, which depended on the degree of supersaturation or the deposition of solid solutions of carbon in Fe. A hardness meter has been designed on this principle. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220289). \(9) na\(23) ADD339377 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53424 NT53424\(10) Eddy Current Inspection of Sheet of Nonmagnetic Material by Superforced Transducer Excited by Pulsed Current with Nonideal Shape, \(20) Sapunov, V.M. Beda, P.I.\(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, EDDY CURRENT INSPECTION, TRANSDUCERS, NONMAGNETIC MATERIALS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 10; 1991; 71-80; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The circuit used to study the response of an eddy current transducer to convert impulses in a linear non-ideal conductor is described. From the data, the variations in the detector signal have been related to various factors, the most significant ones being indicated. The signal from the transducer was several time greater than the signal from a transducer with continuous excitation. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220299). \(9) na\(23) ADD339376 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53422 NT53422\(10) Nondestructive Inspection of Cylindrical Objects by Methods of Multifrequency Acoustic Holography,\(20) Badalyan, V.G. Bazulin, E.G. Tikhonov, D.S.\(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, CYLINDERS, ACOUSTIC HOLOGRAPHY.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 10; 1991; 29-36; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Two methods of interpreting the data derived from multi-frequency acoustic holography have been proposed, based on newly derived algorithms. They are applicable to the testing of cylindrical objects, with dimensions from one to several hundred wavelengths. The procedures have good resolution, an order of magnitude greater than that achieved with non-coherent treatment of the data. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220308). \(9) na\(23) ADD339374 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53421 NT53421\(10) Quality of Specimens for Ultrasonic Measurements, \(20) Arkhipov, V.I. Kondrat'ev, A.I. \(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, RUSSIA, ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Defektoskopiya'; 10; 1991; 41-48; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Methods for testing non-homogeneous samples, based on the measurement of the speed and coefficient of attenuation of ultrasonic vibrations, are proposed. Two methods, based on either resonance and echo methods, are described and typical results for steel, brass, Cu, Al alloy D16T and glass are discussed. (Editor).\(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Russian - order photocopy no. 9403-220308). \(9) na\(23) ADD339373 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53338 NT53338\(10) New Computerized Technique for Simultaneous Measurement of Wave Speed and Thickness by Ultrasound,\(20) Dayal, Vinay \(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931784-22-0, ISSN 0736-2935, WAVES, THICKNESS, ULTRASOUND, MEASUREMENT.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Proc. 11th National Conference on Noise Control Engineering'; Noise-Con 91; Tarrytown, NY; July 14-16, 1991; 533-540; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This work describes a new technique which is a powerful method of measurement of the wave speed and thickness of a sample simultaneously. The limitation at this stage is that it is an immersion method and both sides of the materials to be tested should be accessible. The technique being automated reduces human intervention and promotes statistical analyses of data. \(24) Published by Noise Control Foundation, P.O. Box 2469, Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603.\(9) na\(23) ADD339297 \(38) no\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53337 NT53337\(10) NDE Applications of Damping Measurements, \(20) Mantena, P. Raju \(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931784-22-0, ISSN 0736-2935, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, DAMPING, MEASUREMENT.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Proc. 11th National Conferences on Noise Control Engineering'; Noise-Con 91; Tarrytown, NY; July 14-16, 1991; 361-368; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Material damping has been related to such phenomena as molecular resonances, dislocation energies, thermal diffusivities, and magnetic domain motions. The detection of flaws offers a special field of application for damping measurements. Any inhomogeneity may be expected to increase the damping capacity, since energy should be dissipated at the site of the flaw either as a result of stress concentration or solid friction at crack interfaces during vibration. In this paper, some recent applications of damping measurements for the Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of composite materials and structures, are presented. A Fast Fourier Transform based impulse-frequency response technique has been successfully used as a NDE method for testing a variety of composite materials/structures in flexure, extension and torsional modes of vibration. Application of this vibration technique as a mechanistic tool in quality control procedures for mass produced adhesively bonded joints and its efficiency in evaluating the dynamic properties of hybrid composites (polyethylene with graphite) is discussed. Another example of the application of this method for the improvement and optimization of damping of laminated composite beams treated with constrained viscoelastic layer surface damping tapes is presented. Close agreement of the experimental data with analytical predictions is demonstrated. Finally, the proposed use of this experimental technique for characterizing the dynamic properties of pultruded composites as a function of process parameters (such as - die platen heating temperatures, pull speed, percent fiber content and debonding), is discussed. \(24) Published by Noise Control Foundation, P.O. Box 2469, Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603.\(9) na\(23) ADD339296 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53336 NT53336\(10) Acoustic Emission Studies on Carbon-Carbon Composites,\(20) Vaidya, U.K. Raju, P.K. Crocker, Malcolm J.\(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931784-22-0, ISSN 0736-2935, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES, TENSILE LOADING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Proc. 11th National Conference on Noise Control Engineering'; Noise-Con 91; Tarrytown, NY; July 14-16, 1991; 165-172; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Carbon-carbon (C/C) composites find specific use in the aerospace industry in high temperature applications. The ability of these composites to withstand high temperatures (> 2500 C) is due to the presence of a carbonized matrix with reinforcing carbon fibres. A complex fabrication cycle is used for C/C composites, the first stage being the as-cured stage (carbon fibers impregnated with resin). Such composites are then subjected to the processes of carbonization, graphitization and finally densification. In each of these stages the mechanical properties of the microstructure of the composite undergo significant changes. Some of the predominant effects of these processes are delamination, fiber breaks, distributed porosity and transverse crack formation in the matrix. The purpose of this work was to study these effects in relation to acoustic emission (AE) obtained from the specimens during tensile loading. Tensile specimens of the composite in the as-cured and carbonized stages were subjected to mechanical loading during which they were monitored for AE. AE is a nondestructive evaluation tool which can be used to indicate microstructural changes that occur in materials. This paper presents AE results as functions of parameters such as peak amplitude distribution, event duration and energy content. These parameters have been related to effects such as delamination, fiber breakage and matrix cracking which occur in the composites in the as-cured and carbonized stages. (Author).\(24) Published by Noise Control Foundation, P.O. Box 2469, Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603.\(9) na\(23) ADD339295 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53335 NT53335\(10) Bearing Fault Detection in the Acoustic Emission Frequency Range, \(20) Tavakoli, Massoud S. \(11) 01 Jan 1991\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931784-22-0, ISSN 0736-2935, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, BEARINGS, BALL BEARINGS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Proc. 11th National Conference on Noise Control Engineering'; Noise-Con 91; Tarrytown, NY; July 14-16, 1991; 79-86; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The necessary instrumentation for capturing the signal generated by a bearing defect both in the mechanical vibration frequency range (below 50 kHz) and in the acoustic emission frequency (beyond 100 kHz) is discussed. A common signal processing method based on the Fourier spectrum of the RMS envelope of a signal is discussed. This method is useful in extracting the repetition rate of the repetitive component of a general signal. It is shown that useful signal exists in the acoustic emission frequency range for the detection of bearing defects. It is also shown that this signal is less susceptible to repetitive mechanical noise which may be caused by other mechanical components (gears, shafts, etc.) and is not related to the bearing defect. (Author). \(24) Published by Noise Control Foundation, P.O. Box 2469, Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603.\(9) na\(23) ADD339294 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53110 NT53110\(10) Nondestructive Evaluation of Bond Strength for Explosively Welded Joints, \(20) Gupta, R.C.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 15 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JORDAN, WELDED JOINTS, INTERFACES, EXPLOSIVE WELDING, BOND TESTING, STRENGTH(MECHANICS).; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 535-549; 33 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The strength of an explosively welded joint depends on its interface characteristics which depend on the welding parameters. Mechanism of explosive welding process and interface wave generation are discussed. The interface wave characteristics are investigated and permissible range of parameters are established. Welding is possible if the welding parameters such as the obliquity angle and the plate velocity Vp are within the permissible range. However, bond strength may be poor even if welding is found sound by NDT. Thus, bond strength data from several references are investigated and a semi-empirical condition is established which if satisfied would result in a reasonably good strength bond. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339108 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53109 NT53109\(10) Fan and Ventilation Equipment Testing,\(20) Helmink, K. Christianson, L.L. Hughes, B. Riskowski, G.L. Korthals, R. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 21 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AIR, BLADES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 513-533; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A fan test chamber was constructed at the University of Illinois to enable us to test fans used in livestock and horticulture applications. Uses will be to cooperate with manufacturers in product development and evaluation, and to conduct research on factors that affect fan performance. The capacity of the fans we are able to test range up to 48 inch diameter inlet and up to 36 inch diameter exhaust fans, and with airflow rates up to 30,000 cfm and pressures up to 20 in H2O. A series of factors were studied for their effects on fan performance (e.g., number of fan blades, radial position of motor with respect to fan axis (drive shaft), blade position on horizontal fan axis, orifice length, inlet screens, exhaust screens, angle of planar obstructions in front of fan, and slope of entrance to fan. The objectives of this paper are to: 1) describe the fan test chamber and 2) present results on fan performance as affected by factors commonly encountered in agricultural applications. (Author).\(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339107 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53108 NT53108\(10) Advanced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Engineering Materials, \(20) Kordas, G.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE, ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE, SPECTROSCOPY, IMAGING, CIVIL ENGINEERING.,; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Avaiability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 503-511; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The fundamentals and application of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy are introduced to the scientists concerned with the non-destructive testing and evaluation of engineering materials. The principles behind Electron Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR), Electron Spin Echo (ESE), and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging (EPRI techniques are also explained. The ESE and EPRI techniques have emerged in the last few years with the advent of very high speed digital electronics under computer control. Unlike the EPR and ENDOR instrumentation that has been in the market for nearly 20 years, the ESE and EPRI spectroscopies are not yet commercially available techniques and very few laboratories can perform these experiments, at present. (Author).\(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339106 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53107 NT53107\(10) Automatic Position Detector for Handheld NDE Probes, \(20) Savedra, R.C. Li, P.H. Johnson, E.C. Hawkins, G.F. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, PROBES, AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS, AUTOMATION, POSITION(LOCATION), PORTABLE EQUIPMENT.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 495-501; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The use of handheld NDE probes is prevalent in the aerospace community. This is especially true where data must be taken in the field, the part exhibits a complicated geometry, or when there is insufficient time to build an automated scanning apparatus. Data taken by hand is less reliable than that taken by automatic methods. There is no assurance that the entire part has been covered, since a hardcopy image of the part is not produced. The use of handheld NDE probes could be significantly facilitated by a versatile device designed to remotely sense the spatial position of the probe each time a data point is acquired. Such a device, which will be referred to as an Automatic Position Locator (APL), is currently under development and is described in this paper. (Author/Modified). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339105 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53106 NT53106\(10) Verification of Numerical Control Programs - Problems and Approaches, \(20) Chang, C.H.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 18 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, MANUFACTURING, PROCESS CONTROL, MACHINING, NUMERICAL CONTROL.,;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Avaiability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 477-494; 17 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Current research on NC program verification (NCPV) concentrates on the graphic representation and display of the in-process workpiece and on the cutter path defined by the NC program. Most of these NCPV systems rely on human judgement to verify an NC program and their capability to verify the dimensions of a finished workpiece is very limited. These systems cannot guarantee that an NC program can be used to fabricate the designed part to the specified dimensions and tolerances. This paper analyzes the factors that cause the rejection of NC programs, including the NC program syntax, the dynamic response of the NC control system, NC machine tool geometric errors, and the machining process plan and specifications, thereby redefining the NC program verification problem. Dimension verification taking tolerance into consideration is discussed, and the effect of NC programming systems and application environment on the design of NCPV systems is studied. The approach to the design of NCPV systems is also discussed. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339104 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53105 NT53105\(10) Inverse Approach to Deformation Problems for the Nondestructive Evaluation of Residual Stresses, \(20) Maniatty, A. Zabaras, N.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 14 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, RESIDUAL STRESS, DEFORMATION, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, MODELS(SIMULATIONS), INVERSE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 463-476; 22 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Most deformation processes are investigated through experimental testing or numerical simulation. With experiments, which ideally represent the actual phenomena during a process, one can only approximately measure various quantities, for example, displacements, strains, velocities, etc., at discrete points of the specimen. Furthermore, the measurements of the actual traction or displacement boundary conditions is a very difficult task, especially in cases where the specimen is in contact with another body. Therefore, one usually prefers to perform measurements in the interior of the specimen, which are easier to obtain and in general, more accurate. With computational methods, on the other hand, it is possible to calculate, among other things, the residual stresses and strains in the deformed body, but the calculations depend heavily on an accurate knowledge of the traction or displacement boundary conditions during the process. This paper will discuss an inverse formulation for deformation processes where computational techniques are used in conjunction with experimental data to predict the actual boundary conditions during the process which allows for the calculation of the residual stresses and strains at the end of the process. This work brings together the best features of both analysis and testing. Ideally, utilizing known test data and approaching the problem from an inverse point of view can result in the actual determination of boundary and internal conditions, as well as several material properties. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339103 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53104 NT53104\(10) Holographic Nondestructive Testing,\(20) Gryzagoridis, J. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, SOUTH AFRICA, HOLOGRAPHY, METALS, COMPOSITES, CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, PIPES, PRESSURE VESSELS, HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFEROMETRY.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 451-462; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper presents brief examples of holographic NDT work that was carried out at the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of Cape Town. The work, which involved small projects, was in the form of feasibility or exploratory study aimed at gaining knowledge and expertise. Typically, both real-time and double exposure holographic NDT was employed studying deformations of a cantilever beam, locating surface cracks, internal flaws in the forms of cracks and debonds. Other examples allow the visualization of the interior of a pipe and a pressure vessel aiming at monitoring erosion, corrosion and artificially created flaws. Components tested were made from metallic materials and also fibre reinforced composites. (Author/Modified).\(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339102 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53103 NT53103\(10) Application of Holographic Interferometry as a NDT Method in Composite Plates,\(20) Rubayi, N. Liew, S.H. Wright, M.A. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 15 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, PLATES, HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFEROMETRY, GRAPHITE EPOXY COMPOSITES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 435-449; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The primary objective of this study was to employ holographic interferometry in the investigation of the various stressing methods which could be utilized to detect flaws and delaminations in graphite/epoxy plates. These nondestructive techniques were: thermal, vacuum, epoxy plates. The secondary objective was to study the effects of the shape of the flaws, their size, and their locations in the composite plate, as well as the effect of edge clamping upon the detection and the resulting fringe pattern. The influence of the ply orientations and stacking sequence of the laminates upon the detection of the flaw was also investigated. \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339101 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53102 NT53102\(10) Ultrasonic Diffuse Field Measurements of Grain Size, \(20) Weaver, R.L. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT, DIFFUSION, METALS, GRAIN SIZE, MICROSTRUCTURE, POLYCRYSTALS, STEEL.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 425-434; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The incoherent transport of diffuse ultrasound was studied in polycrystalline steel specimens as a function of heat treatment. Observed diffusion constants were found to vary with frequency and grain size in a manner consistent with theoretical expectations. Strong correlations with Charpy toughness values were also observed. It is suggested that ultrasonic diffusivities may provide quantitative nondestructive evaluation of metallic microstructures with utility comparable to that of the ultrasonic attenuation method and the ultrasonic backscattering method. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339100 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53101 NT53101\(10) Ultrasonic Evaluation of Aluminum to Aluminum Adhesive Bond Durability,\(20) Chern, E.J. Djordjevic, B.B. Ahearn, J.S. McNamara, D.K. Desai, A. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, ADHESIVE BONDS, BOND INTEGRITY, ALUMINUM, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 417-424; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of adhesive bond integrity requires an understanding of the physical and chemical adhesive/cohesive bonding mechanisms as well as the properties of the adhesive itself and therefore the NDE method must be sensitive to these dominant bond parameters. The quality of adhesive bonds can be viewed from two aspects, strength and durability. The durability of aluminum adhesive bonds has been shown to depend on aluminum oxide morphology and on interfacial chemical reactions. Because adhesive bond durability is closely related to the micromorphology of the adherend surface, it is necessary to operate at high ultrasonic test frequencies so that interaction at the adhesive/adherend interface can be increased. In this paper, after reviewing the factors affecting the bonds in aluminum-to-aluminum (Al/Al) adhesive bond quality, we report 50-MHz acoustical microimaging results that qualitatively demonstrate the applicability of using high-frequency stress-waves for durability evaluation of A1/A1 adhesive bonds. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339099 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53100 NT53100\(10) Probing a Convex Interface with an Ultrasonic Beam,\(20) Choi, H.C. Harris, J.G. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, ULTRASONIC BEAMS, INTERFACES, DIFFRACTION, CURVED SURFACES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 405-416; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The purpose of this paper is to examine how a well-collimated ultrasonic beam is scattered from a convex circular fluid-solid interface. The incident beam is emitted from a transducer in the fluid. The radius of curvature of the interface is assumed to be so large that the incident beam never grazes the interface and therefore only reflection, transmission and the excitation of a leaky Rayleigh wave need be considered. We are primarily concerned with studying the combined effects of diffraction spreading of the incident beam and of the curvature of the interface. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339098 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53099 NT53099\(10) Stress Measurement via the Acoustoelastic Effect and Water-Coupled Ultrasonic Waves, \(20) Koshti, A.M. Egle, D.M.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, ULTRASONIC WAVES, ACOUSTOELASTICITY, RESIDUAL STRESS, MEASUREMENT.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 393-404; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Acoustic birefringence measurements have advantages over longitudinal wave velocity measurements. One of the advantages is that one may determine the principal acoustic directions in a plane-stressed plate. The difference in the shear wave velocities with displacements in two principal directions has been shown to be proportional to the difference of principal stresses. In past research, contact transducers were used for the technique. In this research, water-coupled ultrasonic transducers are used for the measurements. This combines the advantages typical of immersion techniques with those of the birefringent technique. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339097 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53098 NT53098\(10) Predictions of Magnetostatic Leakage Fields Around P.W.S. Ropes by 3-D Dynamic Relaxation Method, \(20) Hanasaki, K. Tsukada, K. Fukinaka, Y. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, WIRE ROPE, BRIDGES, ROOFS, MAGNETIC FLUX LEAKAGE, DETECTORS, SENSORS, MAGNETIC FIELD TESTING, MATHEMATICAL MODELS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 381-392; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Authors developed a magnetic testing machine for parallel wire strand (P.W.S.) ropes. It consists of a leakage flux detector assembly with Hall-effect sensors and two exciting solenoid coils set co-axially with the rope to be inspected. Authors developed a new computer code, based on the dynamic relaxation method by which the three-dimensional magnetic flux density of each element of the discretized volume can be calculated. In this paper, the numerical modeling is described and the predictions by the code are compared with the results obtained from the experiments of inspecting the P.W.S. rope with artificial defects. (Author/Modified). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339096 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53097 NT53097\(10) EMAT Examination for Cracks in Railroad Wheel Treads, \(20) Schramm, R.E. Stull, P.J. Clark, A.V., Jr. Mitrakovic, D.V. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, CRACKS, ELECTROMAGNETIC TESTING, ELECTROMAGNETIC-ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCERS, RAILROADS, WHEELS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 373-380; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Paper describes using electromagnetic-acoustic transducers (EMATs) to work on American-style wheels and rails. The objective is to check every wheel on a train, also in a roll-by mode. The system utilizes Rayleigh waves that travel around the wheel tread. (Author/NTIAC).\(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339095 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53096 NT53096\(10) Improvement of Reconstructed Image Quality of Neutron Computed Tomography,\(20) Ikeda, Y. Koike, M. Honda, S. Tomatsu, Y. Matsumoto, G. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY, NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY, NUCLEAR FUEL ELEMENTS, RECONSTRUCTION, IMAGE QUALITY.,;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 361-372; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Neutron computed tomography has been studied. Endeavor has been given to obtain high image quality of CT reconstruction. Film methods is comparatively preferred to dynamic neutron TV one. Some models for nuclear fuels have been reconstructed. Dispersion of 300 micron Eu-particles in TiO2 pellets, which simulate PuO2/UO2 nuclear fuel have been well reconstructed. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339094 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53095 NT53095\(10) Fast Neutron Radiography Testing for Components of Launch Vehicles by a Baby-Cyclotron,\(20) Ikeda, Y. Ohkubo, K. Matsumoto, G. Nakamura, T. Nozaki, Y.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY, SPACE APPLICATIONS, EXPLOSIVES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 349-359; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Describes the development of fast neutron tomography as a technique for NDT of space launch vehicles. (NTIAC/gta).\(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339093 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53094 NT53094\(10) Review of Contemporary Neutron Radiography in Europe and in the U.S.A.,\(20) Heiberg, E.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY, APPLICATIONS, REVIEWS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited; Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 341-348; 25 refs. (Copies not availble from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Since the 1960's, neutron radiography (NR) has evolved into a mature NDT/E technology, essentially supplementing information obtainable from that of X-ray radiography (XR). Unique capabilities, however, are the abilities to radiography material like nuclear fuel, and to differentiate between isotopes of the same element such as those found in each fuel. Other applications are the detection of inherent hydrogen in corrosion compounds and explosives, and the inspection of the proper location of O-rings in metallic casings. X-ray emulsion film is most commonly employed for the neutron imaging, but track etch offers the superior resolution. Just as for XR, electronic (real time) imaging has great potential for NR. (Author).\(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339092 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53093 NT53093\(10) Neutron Radiography System for Field Use, \(20) Antal, J.J. Marotta, A.S. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY, AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS, PORTABLE EQUIPMENT.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Published by 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 329-340; 16 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Describes the use of portable neutron radiography systems by the military services and NASA. (NTIAC/gta). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339091 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53092 NT53092\(10) Neutron Radiography Techniques and Applications, \(20) McClellan, G.C.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY, APPLICATIONS, REAL TIME.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 319-328; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Neutron radiography is not used as extensively as other methods of industrial radiography, but the range of applications is constantly expanding. In some applications, such as critical aerospace components having appropriate neutron attenuation properties, neutron radiography has become an indispensable part of the quality assurance process. The use of neutron radiography has been limited to some degree by the cost and complexity of the facilities required. This has prevented the on-site inspection required in many potential applications. However, the small portable accelerator and isotopic neutron radiography sources and efficient real-time detection systems now being developed will hopefully permit more widespread use of this important technique. (Author).\(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339090 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53091 NT53091\(10) Recent Geotechnical Applications of the Acoustic Emission/Microseismic Technique, \(20) Hardy, H.R., Jr. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 19 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, GEOLOGY, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, ROCKS, SEISMOLOGY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited; Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 299-317; 45 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Since the early 1970s there has been an accelerating interest in the use of acoustic emission/microseismic (AE/MS) techniques for the laboratory and field investigation of geologic materials and structures. Basic AE/MS research and the application of AE/MS techniques to a variety of geotechnical problems has been underway in the Penn State Rock Mechanics Laboratory since 1965. To date, studies have involved a wide variety of field topics, including: cavern stability, stability of natural gas storage reservoirs, strata control in longwall coal mines, rock bolt stability monitoring, effects of blasting, mine and tunnel roof stability, subsidence monitoring, rock slope stability evaluation, and remote monitoring of rock drilling. A considerable number of basic studies have also been underway including those associated with the development of AE/MS field and laboratory monitoring facilities, transducer array design, AE/MS data processing, mechanical waveguide development and the Kaiser Effect. To provide a more general insight into the subject, this paper will first briefly review the literature relative to the use of AE/MS techniques to study the mechanical behavior of both rock and soil. This will be followed by a brief review of a number of recent AE/MS studies carried out at Penn State and a more detailed discussion of a number of ongoing and proposed geotechnically oriented AE/MS research studies.\(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339089 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53090 NT53090\(10) Examination of Concrete Structures Using Compton Scattering, \(20) Whynot, T. Hussein, E.M. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 14 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, STRUCTURES, COMPTON SCATTERING, BACKSCATTERING, GAMMA RAYS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited; Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 285-298; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper describes the underlying principles of Compton scattering and the implications concerned with distinguishing steel and void from concrete. The detection capabilities of the method is demonstrated using Monte Carlo simulations and confirmed with laboratory experiments. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339088 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53089 NT53089\(10) Field Proven Nondestructive Testing Methods for Evaluating Damage and Repair of Concrete, \(20) Muenow, R.A. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, CONCRETE, IMPULSE RADAR, PULSE ECHO TECHNIQUE.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 279-284. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper examines the various methods of field proven NDT, particularly impulse radar and pulse echo, for the purpose of structural evaluation. Case histories that shows field applications for these fast and highly accurate, testing techniques are discussed. (Author).\(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339087 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53088 NT53088\(10) Seismic, Sonic, and Vibration Methods for Quality Assurance and Forensic Investigation of Geotechnical, Pavement and Structural Systems,\(20) Olson, L.D. Wright, C.C. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 15 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, SEISMIC EVALUATION, SONIC TESTS, VIBRATION TESTS, CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, PAVEMENTS, SLABS, SUBSURFACE, WAVE PROPAGATION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 263-277; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Case histories are presented to illustrate quality assurance (QA) and forensic applications of nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) for the construction industry. The sonic, seismic and vibration methods described are based on the measurement of wave propagation behavior. The measurements provide data on dynamic properties that are directly and indirectly related to physical conditions of the system under test. They typically provide engineers with critical data that cannot be economically obtained with traditional destructive tests. The paper begins with descriptions of three NDT&E methods for deep foundations that have been under active research and development since the 1960's. Building on this experience with deep foundations, three other similar NDT&E techniques are described for testing slabs and pavements, structural systems, and the subsurface. (Author).\(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339086 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53087 NT53087\(10) Acoustic Emission from Plain Concrete and Concrete with Polypropylene Fiber Reinforcement,\(20) Leaird, J.D. Taylor, M.A. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 13 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CONCRETE, POLYPROPYLENE, FIBERS, REINFORCED CONCRETE, CRACKS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 249-261; 1 ref. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) There is substantial benefit to be gained from finding a cost effective method of increasing the crack resistance of structural concrete. One suggested method is to add chopped polypropylene fibers to the concrete. Fibers are currently used for toughness, plastic shrinkage, and impact resistance. A series of beams were manufactured with fibers added and a series without the fibers. These beams were tested in four point loading. The acoustic emission activity from each beam was measured during the load test. The fiber reinforced beams had 1/2 to 1/3 the acoustic emission activity of the beams without fibers. This suggests that the addition of fibers will indeed increase the crack resistance of concrete. Crack data was obtained from the beams at various load levels. The crack width information indicated smaller widths in the fiber reinforced concrete than in the plain concrete at all loads which correlates well with the acoustic emission data. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339085 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53086 NT53086\(10) Evaluation of In-Place Strength of Concrete by the Break-Off Method, \(20) Naik, T.R. Salameh, Z. Hassaballah, A.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, CONCRETE, BREAK OFF TESTS, PAVEMENTS, FLOOR INSPECTION, IN SITU.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 237-248; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This research was undertaken to investigate the reliability of the Break-Off test as a measure of the in-place strength of 4000 psi concrete. Concrete of this strength is generally used for concrete pavements and floors in North America. To achieve this objective, the following parameters were investigated: (1) aggregate shape; (2) slab thickness; and, (3) method of obtaining cylindrical Break-Off test specimens, either by inserting a sleeve in the fresh concrete or by drilling a cylindrical core after the concrete has hardened. (Author).\(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339084 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53085 NT53085\(10) High Resolution Impulse Radar Imaging - Civil Engineering Applications,\(20) Okamoto, P.A. Ciolko, A.T. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, IMPULSE RADAR, HIGH RESOLUTION, CONCRETE, CIVIL ENGINEERING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited; Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 225-236; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper presents the underlying principles and measurement techniques of impulse, or short-pulse radar, a nondestructive imaging technique for use in civil engineering applications. The authors' experience related to evaluating as-built characteristics and presence of flaws in concrete, masonry, and bituminous concrete as presented. (Author).\(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339083 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53084 NT53084\(10) Concrete and Geotechnical Applications: Impact-Echo: A New Method for Inspecting Construction Materials, \(20) Carino, N.J. Sansalone, M. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 15 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, CONCRETE, IMPACT-ECHO TECHNIQUE, ULTRASONICS, STRESS WAVES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited; Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 209-223; 15 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The National Bureau of Standards (NBS) has undertaken a long-term study to develop suitable procedures for flaw detection in concrete and other construction materials. One of the techniques that has been developed is based on transient stress wave propagation and is known as 'impact-echo'. The research program has involved analytical studies of transient wave propagation laboratory testing of specimens with known defects, and field studies. This paper provides a brief explanation of the impact-echo method and presents results which illustrate the capabilities of the method to locate a variety of flaws in plain and reinforced\(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339082 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53083 NT53083\(10) Nondestructive Evaluation/Characterization of Adhesive Bonded Connections in Wood Structures, \(20) DOS Reis, H.L. Beall, F.C. Carnahan, J.V. Chica, M.J. Miller, K.A. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, WOOD, STRUCTURES, LAMINATES, ADHESIVE BONDS, BOND TESTING, BONDLINES, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS.,;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 197-207; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In this study, the feasibility of using the acousto-ultrasonic (AU) technique to characterize the adhesive bond strength in laminated wood beams and in adhesive bonded connections is investigated. Various stress wave parameters, i.e., stress wave factors, were used and correlated to the shear strength of the adhesive bonded connections. Stress wave factor measurements were obtained both before and after the wood beam samples were subjected to temperature and humidity conditioning to simulate aging or wear of the glueline. A number of stress wave factors in the time and frequency domain exhibited excellent correlation with the shear strength of the adhesive bond. In addition, the stress wave factor measurements before and after conditioning correlated well with one another. Therefore, the results of this study show promise not only for eventual implementation in on-line quality control but also for evaluating the deterioration of the bond line integrity in the field. (Author).\(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339081 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53082 NT53082\(10) Acoustic Emission Evaluation for Timber Including Knots, \(20) Sato, K. Fushitani, M. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, WOOD, MODULUS OF ELASTICITY, MODULUS OF RUPTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 189-195; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The AE of specimens with knots was measured during bending tests, and an evaluation of timber based on the AE parameter is discussed. Since the modulus of elasticity (MOE) is only measure of the nominal average quality of the timber, it is necessary to use the MOE jointly with an index that can offer information on the effect of the knot as a defect. The evaluation using AE is similar to that with the knot ratio, and it can be measured automatically even using a slight load. A new reliable mechanical grading system for timber by measuring the MOE and AE is expected. Future research will address development of an in-line system and determination of the appropriate AE parameters. (Author/Modified). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339080 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53081 NT53081\(10) Current AE/AU Research in Solid Wood and Wood-Based Composite at the University of California Forest Products Laboratory, \(20) Quarles, S.L. Lemaster, R.L.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, WOOD, COMPOSITES, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 177-188; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Acoustic emission (AE) and acousto-ultrasonic (AU) research at the University of California Forest Products Laboratory (UC FPL) can be divided into two broad areas. The first research area consists of investigations designed to determine the effect of physical and structural properties of solid wood on the propagation of acoustic waves. The second area involves research investigating the potential for using AE/AU technology for wood and wood-based material evaluation and process control systems. The purpose of this paper is to report on the current progress in these two areas. (Author).\(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339079 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53080 NT53080\(10) Determining Vertical Density Profiles in Wood Composites Using Acoustic Emission, \(20) Lemaster, R.L. Dornfeld, D.A.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 15 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, WOOD, COMPOSITES, DENSITY, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 161-175; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In this paper, acoustic emission (AE) was used to evaluate the density profile of a wood composite. Two methods were investigated. The first method used a 15 cm (6 in.) circular sample prepared from the material to be evaluated. The specimen was mounted on a lathe and rotated at high speed. A piezoelectric transducer coupled to a cutting tool monitored the AE signal produced as the tool was moved across the thickness of the rotating sample. The RMS voltage of the received signal was then correlated to the density of the specimen. This technique although destructive, offers an accurate and repeatable method for density profile determination without the use of radiation or the limitation of sample size. The second method uses a rotating fly cutter or similar tool. The cutting tool moves across the edge of a wood composite panel while an AE transducer mounted on the panel records the changes in the RMS voltage. This technique while also destructive can be considered a non-destructive technique in the practical sense due to the fact that only a small 2.54 cm (1 in.) wide .25 cm (.1 in.) thick notch is made in the panel. This notch can be made prior to the final sizing of the panel and hence does not affect the final product. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339078 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53079 NT53079\(10) Qualification of Particleboards on the Mill Line, \(20) Green, A.T.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, WOOD, MANUFACTURING, PARTICLEBOARD, COMPOSITES, BOND TESTING, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS.,;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 149-160; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Particleboard is a manufactured wood product commonly defined as a composite since it is composed of wood materials and binders. The extensive use of particleboard has required that methods for physically determining its properties be established. One of these measurements, the Internal Bond strength, has been obtained through a destructive physical test procedure on specimens taken from a sampling of boards. Utilizing a nondestructive test we have been able to develop an on-line Internal Bond strength measurement. This measurement can be made on each board and continuously along the direction of board travel on the line. The nondestructive measurements have been shown to have a high correlation to the values obtained by the destructive physical test. This paper described the nondestructive technique, the particleboard product and the equipment now being used to obtain evaluation of this manufactured product within the particleboard industry. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339077 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53078 NT53078\(10) Nondestructive Testing of Wood Products and Structures: State-of-the-Art and Research Needs, \(20) Falk, R.H. Patton-Mallory, M. McDonald, K.A.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, WOOD, STRUCTURES, SONICS, ULTRASONICS, STRESS WAVES, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS, OPTICAL SCANNING, ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE, X RAYS, MICROWAVES, VIBRATION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 137-147; 45 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper overviews nondestructive testing research as it is applied to wood products and structures and discusses areas of research needed to more fully utilize this technology. Specifically, the discussion includes acoustic techniques such as sonically and ultrasonically induced stress waves, acoustic emissions, and acousto-ultrasonics. Other methods, including optical scanning, electrical resistance, and those relying on the ability of wood to transmit waves in the form of x rays or microwaves, are discussed. Methods incorporating mechanical vibration characteristics, such as transverse vibrations, are also included. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339076 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53077 NT53077\(10) Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Wood Products, \(20) Beall, F.C.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, CONSTRUCTION, MANUFACTURING, WOOD, LASERS, MICROWAVES, ULTRASONICS, SONICS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 127-136; 16 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Paper discusses several NDE methods for the inspection of wood products. (NTIAC). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339075 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53076 NT53076\(10) Acoustic Emission Phenomena in Polymeric Media,\(20) Hsiao, C.P. Kline, R.A. Egle, D.M.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 19 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITE MATERIALS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 107-125; 20 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Fundamental mechanisms of the generation of acoustic emission (AE) signals in composite materials were investigated in this research. In particular, efforts were focused on examination of the differences (epicentral response) in the AE signals resulting from matrix fracture and fracture of fibers embedded in the matrix. A specially-designed specimen was used to isolate the first arrivals of the longitudinal and the shear waves from the subsequent reflections. Four different specimen compositions were utilized to accomplish the goal. One consisted solely of pure matrix and the other three contained a single fiber with diameter of 0.254, 0.635, or 0.762 mm embedded in the matrix. The techniques developed by Kline and Ali were employed to obtain theoretical predictions in order to make comparisons with the experimental data. Good agreement was found by using a synthetic forcing function to represent the behavior of the source. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339074 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53075 NT53075\(10) Quantitative Characterization of Impact Damage in Composite Materials - A Comparison Between Computerized Vibrothermography and X-Ray Tomography, \(20) Potet, P. Lesbre, F. Bathias, C.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, X RAY TOMOGRAPHY, COMPUTERS, AUTOMATION, VIBROTHERMOGRAPHY, AIRCRAFT, IMPACT DAMAGE.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 95-105; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Composite materials are ideally suited for lightweight structures, as for aircrafts, because of their high strength-to-stiffness ratios. High levels of reliability must be ensured in this type of structure, and therefore nondestructive inspection (NDI) play a major role in the quality control of such materials. Infrared (IR) thermography has been intensively used by nondestructive evaluation engineers. Some investigations were directed toward the location of sub-surface flaws by applying an external heat source to the structure and observing the resulting thermal images at the surface. A new technique, vibro-thermography was developed and proposed for application to composites. It utilizes high frequency low-amplitude mechanical vibrations to induce localized heating in a material. The frequency of excitation is varied in such a way that local flawed regions are set into local resonance, and serve as generators of heat. The purpose of this work is to compare some experimental results obtained by vibrothermography with those obtained by X-ray tomography in the characterization of impact damage in composite materials. The X-ray tomography data will serve as reference to evaluate the possibilities offered by vibrothermography. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339073 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53074 NT53074\(10) Acoustic Emission Testing of Composite Power Transmission Components, \(20) Okey, D.W. Rodgers, J.M. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, POWER TRANSMISSION, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, TORQUE, DRIVE SHAFTS.,;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 87-94. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Power transmission shafts, also known as drive shafts or torque tubes, offer an ideal application for composite materials. Strength and stiffness can be tailored to the application, and weight savings of 50 percent over aluminum are possible. For several years the difficulty in application has been the termination of the shaft into appropriate end fittings. The use of typical metallic fittings reduces the weight savings gained by the application of composites. Minimal weight savings will not justify the extra expense incurred in bringing composite parts into present aerospace systems (acceptance tests, reliability assurance, and procedures that assure vendor and customer of the performance of the component under all required conditions, especially fatigue and in a hot/wet environment). These problems are solved using polygonal, molded-in end fittings for composite fiber/resin structures. Acoustic emission was used in conjunction with destructive testing to determine the end fitting design best suited for power transmission. A molded-in hexagonal end fitting provides a better structure and lower stress concentration than either square or triangular fittings. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339072 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53073 NT53073\(10) Static and Fatigue Fracture Monitoring in Unidirectional Composites by Acoustic Emission, \(20) Lorenzo, L. Hahn, H.T.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 19 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, FRACTURE(MECHANICS), FATIGUE(MECHANICS), UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 67-85; 12 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Acoustic emission (AE) was used to monitor the failure response in model unidirectional composites under static and tension-tension fatigue loading. Specimens consisted of glass and graphite layers of bundles encapsulated in ductile and brittle epoxy resins. Stable matrix microcracking normal to fibers was detected at early stages of deformations and under fatigue loading. Microcracks appeared before fibers started to fail and did not induce fiber breaks. Fatigue failure of both glass and graphite fibers was observed. Acoustic emissions from fiber failures were distinct. Despite the matrix influence on the overall fracture behavior, no clear differentiation between fiber and matrix failure mechanisms was observed. However, when matrix and fiber failures occurred simultaneously peak amplitudes were affected. In fatigue acoustic activity increased between 90 and 98% of the fatigue life giving a warning of impending failure, this being more marked in ductile-resin specimens. Amplitude distribution descriptors changed monotonically during cycling due to the accumulation of events with a wide range of amplitudes. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339071 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53072 NT53072\(10) Evolution of the Wave Envelope in Composite Laminates in Acousto-Ultrasonic Technique,\(20) Moon, S.M. Hahn, H.T. Jerina, K.L. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 19 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS, COMPOSITE LAMINATES, WAVES, WAVE VELOCITY, LAMB WAVES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 47-65; 22 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In the acousto-ultrasonic technique, a wave packet is injected onto the surface at one location and the displacement normal to the same surface is measured at another location. The characteristics of the wave packet propagating through the material are not fully understood. The main objective of the present investigation is to study the propagation of a wave packet in cross-ply laminates. An S-2 glass/epoxy cross-ply laminate was used in this investigation. A wave packet with fast rise and decay was injected into the laminate. Wave velocities were measured in different directions to the fiber of the contacting ply orientations. To characterize the wave envelope, signal parameters such as peak amplitude, ringdown counts, RMS amplitude and energy content were measured at different locations. A Fourier analysis of the received signal was also carried out. The investigation revealed that the wave velocities in the cross-ply laminate could be predicted by Lamb wave equations based on the average laminate properties. The theory could not predict the effect of stacking sequence. Variation of velocity with external layer fiber orientations was predicted. It was found that the peak amplitude of the signal may not reveal all the information concerning the damage. To obtain detailed information, energy should be monitored. In the acousto-ultrasonic technique, reflections from the boundaries of the laminate were present for a tone burst signal. This led to higher ringdown counts in the received signal. The reflections were studied with time and Fourier analysis. The received signal was gated to eliminate the reflections and to obtain realistic \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339070 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53071 NT53071\(10) New Acousto-Ultrasonic Techniques Applied to Aerospace Materials, \(20) Kautz, H.E.\(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 19 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS, LASER ULTRASONICS, AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS, PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 27-45; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The use of an NdYAG pulsed laser for generating ultrasonic waves for NDE in resin matrix composites was investigated. A study was conducted of the use of the 1.064 micron wavelength NdYAG pulsed laser with the neat, unreinforced resin as well as with graphite fiber/polymer composite specimens. In the case of neat resins it was found that, at normal incidence, about 25 percent of the laser, pulse energy is reflected at the incident surface. An attenuation coefficient for the polyimide resin, PMR-15 was determined to be approximately 5.8 np/cm. This means, for example, that for a 1/16 in. panel thickness 24 percent of the incident energy is transmitted through the panel. Under these conditions much of the laser produced ultrasonic wave will originate throughout the bulk of the specimen rather than at the surface in contrast to the case with piezoelectric transducers. It was found in energy balance studies that graphite fiber/polymer specimens attenuate the laser beam more than do the neat resins. The increased absorption is in the graphite fibers. The occurrence of laser induced surface damage was also studied. For the polymer neat resin, damage appears as pit formation over a small fraction of the pulse impact area and discoloration over a large part of the area. A damage threshold was inferred from observed damage as a function of pulse energy. The 600 F cured PMR-15 and PMR-11 exhibit about the same amount of damage for a given laser pulse energy. The damage threshold is between 0.06 and 0.07 J/squared cm. In the case of graphite fiber/polymer specimens damage studies showed that the fibers burn away to the extent of partially shielding the resin from pit formation and discoloration. (Author). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339069 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53070 NT53070\(10) Nondestructive Evaluation of Complex Geometry Advanced Material Components,\(20) Bartlett, S.W. Duke, J.C., Jr. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, COMPLEX GEOMETRY, ADVANCED MATERIALS, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, ULTRASONICS, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS, GRAPHITE EPOXY LAMINATES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction'; 1990; 17-25; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Paper discusses using acousto-ultrasonics for the inspection of complex geometries. (NTIAC). \(24) Published by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (See also NT-53069). \(9) na\(23) ADD339068 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53069 NT53069\(10) Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction, \(20) DOS Reis, Henrique L. \(11) 01 Jan 1990\(15) 554 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-89116-926-1, COMPOSITES, MANUFACTURING, CONSTRUCTION, WOOD, CONCRETE, RADIOGRAPHY, ELECTROMAGNETICS, ULTRASOUND, HOLOGRAPHY.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, NY. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Papers presented on the following topics: Composites, Wood Products, Concrete and Geotechnical Applications, Radiography, Electromagnetic Methods, Ultrasound, Holography and Other Methods. (NTIAC).\(24) Papers presented at Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation for Manufacturing and Construction Conference, August 9-12, 1988, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. (For individual papers see NT-53070 through NT-53110).\(9) na\(23) ADD339067 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53158 NT53158\(10) AE Energy Signal Processing: An Overview, \(20) Vahaviolos, Sotirios J.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, SIGNAL PROCESSING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 432-441; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Acoustic Emission (AE) signals are random processes of limited energy and are named time limited signals. The basic properties of AE Signals are derived from the superposition theorem, thus, implying linearity. Due to the nature of AE sources from composite materials, the output of an AE transducer consists of superimposed discrete bursts of energy with random amplitude, duration and decay time. The energy of an AE signal is theoretically evaluated. The drawbacks of analog energy processors will be presented from the standpoint of practical implementation. A novel digital processor is presented and the major advantages of such processor vs. A/D signal conversion are discussed. Its main features of excellent linearity, dynamic range as desired (parallel block form implementation) and signal throughput will be outlined. Extension of 'square law device' theory will be discussed to introduce the practical implementation of full wave envelope strength circuit, now widely used in AE, and its relation to exact energy. Other circuits such as RMS (AE version) and TMS, ASL, TRMS will be introduced and compared to each other. It will be shown from actual taken data that due to the nature of AE Signals and especially those with long duration (superimposed events) the envelope strength processing becomes linear and ideal for the application. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339156 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53157 NT53157\(10) Application of Acoustic Emission for Monitoring Fracture Mechanics in Composite Materials,\(20) Burzic, Zijah Zrilic, Milorad Sedmak, Stojan Mitrakovic, Dragan\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, YUGOSLAVIA, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, LAMINATES, FRACTURE MECHANICS, MONITORING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 422-431; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Differently laminated composites were used for tensile test of smooth specimens, and (+/- 45 degree) sub 8s, (+/- 45 degree) sub 16s laminates were used for CT fracture mechanics notched specimens. In both cases, acoustic emission was applied as an additional instrumentation of tests. It has been found that acoustic emission signals describe well the configuration and laminates effect, as well as the behaviour during straining and fracturing in the case of smooth specimens. In the case of notched specimens the most important result of acoustic emission was the initiation of fracturing, that corresponds to the critical value of stress intensity factor. Fracture toughness obtained in these tests ranged between 29 and 33, 5 MPa square root of m, and higher values corresponded to lower a/W(=0.45) value. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339155 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53156 NT53156\(10) Sources for Thermally Induced Acoustic Emission, \(20) Nystrom, Staffan Gradin, Per A.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, SWEDEN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES, COMPOSITES, THERMAL CYCLING, LAMINATES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 414-421; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In order to investigate the sources of thermally induced Acoustic Emission, experiments were carried out on carbon fibre/epoxy specimens with delamination flaws at different positions throughout their thickness. It was observed that the acoustic activity decreased with increasing thermal cycling. The influence of fatigue loading on the acoustic activity in subsequent thermal cycling was also investigated and it was found that the activity decreased. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339154 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53155 NT53155\(10) Comprehensive Guide to the Literature on Acoustic Emission from Composites, Supplement II,\(20) Drouillard, Thomas F. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 22 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, INDEXES.,; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 392-413; 212 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Comprehensive bibliographies on the subject of acoustic emission (AE) from composites were compiled for the First and Second International Symposiums on Acoustic Emission from Reinforced Composites which were held in San Francisco, California, July 19-21, 1983, and Montreal, Canada, July 21-25, 1986. The current bibliography is the third in the series. It presents 212 references of new material. The material is presented in the same format as previously used, which consists of a bibliographic section, an author index, and a subject index. Although not all-inclusive, this series of bibliographies presents a compilation of the bulk of world literature published on the subject of acoustic emission from composites. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339153 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53154 NT53154\(10) Combined Use of Stress Wave Factors and Acoustic Emission in Tensile Testing of CF/EP and KF/EP, \(20) Melve, Bjorn Berge, Tor\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS, COMPOSITES, STRESS WAVES, TENSILE TESTS, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES, LAMINATES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 386-391; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Acoustic emission and acousto-ultrasonics were used in combination under tensile testing of unidirectional carbonfiber/epoxy (CF/EP) and woven aramidfiber/epoxy (KF/EP) laminates. Stress wave factors (SWF) were used to quantify the acousto-ultrasonic behaviour. The SWF's changed little for the CF/EP laminates before fracture even though acoustic emission indicated damage. The specimens failed by splitting and therefore matrix cracks along fibres will give acoustic emission. The stiffness governing the transmission of the ultrasounds is little influenced. For the KF/EP material a clear correlation between the onset of acoustic emission and the change in the SWF's was observed. In this material a large portion of the fibres are oriented at an angle to the load direction. Cracks along fibers will therefore interact with propagating ultrasonic pulse and change the response. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339152 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53153 NT53153\(10) Acousto-Ultrasonic Study on Tensile Failure of Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites, \(20) Sengupta, P.K. Mukhopadhyay, D. Phani, K.K. Bose, N.R.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, INDIA, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES, TENSILE TESTS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 380-385; 15 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Acousto-Ultrasonic stress wave factor as a tool for non-destructive technique has been used for studying fibre reinforced polypropylene composites, with unidirectional glass fibre along with short glass fibre as reinforcements. The stress wave factor has been found to be a sensitive indicator of ultimate tensile strength and it increases in proportion to fractional powers of the same. It has also been possible to predict the failure zone from the measurement of the stress wave factor along the length of the sample examined. The zone having the lowest stress wave factor corresponded to minimum ultimate tensile strength. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339151 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53152 NT53152\(10) Accurate Acoustic Emission Location Method Adapted for Composite Materials,\(20) Bouheraoua, A.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, LOCATION, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 375-379. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Location based on a direct computation from DT measurements is not adapted for complex composite materials. Because of the strong anisotropy, events reach the sensors with different speeds through the material, and the direct solving of the DT system by triangulation gives an important location error. In this paper we suggest a method based on a learning principle which consists in calibrating the structure by performing stimuli all over it. In this way the anisotropy behaviour of the material is taken into consideration. The stimulus is created using an acoustic shock wave generated by an electric arc over the structure. This method includes an amplitude correction of each event by an attenuation grid. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339150 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53151 NT53151\(10) Acoustic Emission Amplitude Analysis by Logarithmic Rate Cartography, \(20) Surrel, Y. Vautrin, A.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, AMPLITUDE, COMPOSITES.,;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; July 17-21, 1989; 365-374; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The analysis of acoustic emission measurements on composite materials has to face many problems involving either the material (anisotropic attenuation, scattering and diffraction of ultrasonic waves by the heterogeneous medium), or the measurement itself (coupling quality, transducer behaviour and signal processing system fidelity). In the framework of amplitude analysis, one of the most commonly used approach, we propose to outline the characterization of the evolution of the amplitude distribution, rather than try to establish a relation between a level of amplitude and a damage mechanism. More precisely, we introduce the surface of equation: z = log(n(c,t)) where n stands for the cumulative number of events in channel c at time t. The shape of that surface depends on the different damage mechanisms and on the time of their occurance as well. To characterize that shape, we draw the chart of the contour lines of the surface obtained after time derivative, the equation of which is z = d(log(n(c,t)))/dt. The areas where the acoustic emission is important are very clearly emphasized on the chart we get. Monotonic tensile tests performed on laminated glass/epoxy samples ((0)) sub 4s, ((0,90)) sub 2s and ((90,0) sub 2s) show that a definite correlation can be established between that 'logarithmic rates chart' and the mechanical response. For that material, the influence of the strain rate is an overall shift of the amplitudes towards the high levels. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339149 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53150 NT53150\(10) Stress Wave Sensing - An Approach to Monitoring Composite Structures Using Simple Integrated Acoustic Emission Systems,\(20) Holroyd, T.J. Randall, N.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, STRESS WAVES, SENSORS, MONITORING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 358-364; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Developments in AE hardware have traditionally been aimed at improving basic performance and enhancing functionality, but there is a price to be paid for such features in terms of system cost, complexity of operation and even system reliability. In many environments and applications it is not possible or feasible to use the full power of such equipment. As an alternative option a radically new type of AE system has been created in the form of an integrated 'Stress Wave Sensor'; which detects the stress wave activity and outputs a high level, easy to handle electrical signal. In this paper the application of the sensor to the monitoring of loaded composite materials is demonstrated in laboratory tests which serve to illustrate the flexibility of the sensor output. The potential for using such sensors to monitor larger structures is discussed. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339148 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53149 NT53149\(10) On the Measurement of Large Amplitude Acoustic Emission from 6061 Aluminum/Boron Specimens with a Center Notch,\(20) Scarton, H.A. Dvorak, G.J. van Laak, P.A. Han, S.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, ALUMINUM, BORON, AMPLITUDE, MEASUREMENT.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 350-357; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Experimental and analytical evaluation of plastic deformation fields, progressive fiber breaks, and failure loads in unidirectional 6061 A1/B specimens with a center notch has been performed. As an aid to the experimental procedure, test specimens were instrumented with four acoustic emission sensors, two for data taking and two to act as guard sensors. A typical plot of AE amplitude on the horizontal scale in decibels (re 1 mu V) versus number of events on the vertical scale indicates a mostly bimodal shape. Correlation with other experimental data implicates the large amplitude events with fiber breaks, while activity of small amplitude can be thought to be plastic deformation and delamination. Examination of the three dimensional plots of amplitude versus events versus the monotonically increasing load shows the sequencing of the failures. In the beginning mostly plastic deformation occurs. It should be noted that the tests were performed by monotonically increasing the load up to a given value, holding that value until all AE activity due to creep ceased, and then continuing on to the next loading increase. An interesting feature of the largest amplitude events is that they exceed the dynamic range of the instrument, necessitating the use of a new extrapolation procedure. The extrapolation was made by plotting counts (N) versus amplitude (A in dB) and observing a linear relationship N = 2.3A\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339147 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53148 NT53148\(10) Acoustic Emission Characterization of the Deformation and Fracture Process of a Metal Matrix Composite,\(20) Kwon, Oh-Yang Ono, Kanji\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, DEFORMATION, FRACTURE(MECHANICS), METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES, COMPOSITES.,;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 342-349; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The microscopic mechanism of acoustic emission (AE) activities from the deformation and fracture of a SiC sub p /Al 6061 composite material has been investigated with the digital waveform processing and recognition analysis. Several mechanisms proposed as the source of acoustic emissions during the deformation and fracture of a particulates- reinforced metal matrix composites include matrix related one, splitting or debonding of interface, and fracture of particles. Digital waveforms of AE signals were recorded on a transient recorder and processed in a minicomputer, VAX 11/750. Power spectral estimation of AE signals was obtained through z-transform of autoregressive (AR) model. The spectra can be easily quantified with AR coefficients or reflection coefficients (PARCORS) which were employed as the features in the pattern recognition analysis. The reference patterns were prepared by activating different source mechanisms; AE signals due to matrix deformation by the serrated yielding of solutionized samples, signals due to the separation or debonding of interfaces from fully annealed samples, and signals due to the fracture of particles by the deformation at the vicinity of fatigue pre-crack tip of as-received samples. The three reference patterns were clearly separated from each other using 12 PARCORS as the features. When actual test data was classified, the dominance of the surface rubbing of broken SiC sub p or the interfacial separation in the pre-yield region changed to the dominance of matrix deformation on or after general yielding. The fracture of particles was not clearly discriminated by the present investigation although many broken\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339146 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53147 NT53147\(10) Work Hardening and Fiber-Breaking Induced by Plasticity in a Short Carbon Fiber Pure Aluminum Matrix Composite,\(20) Kagawa, Y. Kishi, T. Fleischmann, P.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, CARBON FIBERS, ALUMINUM, METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES, PLASTIC DEFORMATION, FAILURE(MECHANICS).; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 332-341; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Plastic behavior of a randomly distributed short carbon fibers-pure aluminum matrix composite has been investigated by means of mechanical measurements during tension tests (monotonic and cylic), Acoustic Emission (AE) measurements and optical microscopy. It is shown that the plasticity is exhibited in two stages: the first is related to interactions between dislocations and fibers. Bauschinger effect measurements indicates that, as in other alloys containing undeformables particles, the mean stress increases linearly with the total strain. The second stage is clearly related to fiber breaks, which are also optically observed and measured by AE event counts. AE measurements leads us to consider that the plastic strain associated with each fiber break increases with the total strain. This effect is due to plastic deformation between fiber break points. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339145 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53146 NT53146\(10) Analysis of AE-Events from Single Fibre Pull-Out Experiments, \(20) Mielke, W. Hampe, A. Hoyer, O. Schumacher, K.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, COMPOSITES, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS, FAILURE(MECHANICS).;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 323-331; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A contribution to the characterization of failure mechanisms in fibre reinforced plastics by AE is given by measuring and analysing AE during pull-out experiments of single fibres partially imbedded in a thermoplastic matrix. In a specially devised procedure, a single fibre is partially imbedded in a drop of polymer matrix on an aluminum substrate. This sample is then fixed in a micro tensile tester. After clamping its free end, the fibre in pulled either completely out of the matrix or up to the fibre fracture. For several matrix/fibre combinations including Polycarbonate (PC). Polyethyleneterephtalate (PET), Polyamide (PA) and glass fibres with different surface preparations (Type A,B,C,D) and with diameters between 14 microns and 39 microns, the relation between the mechanical energy and frequency spectrum) is shown. The comparison of mechanical and acoustical measurements shows disproportionalities between the released mechanical energy and the measured AE-energy. The kind of failure cannot be determined from AE-energy or AE-amplitude measurements. However, the frequency analysis shows high frequency components for fibre ruptures.\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339144 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53145 NT53145\(10) Acoustic Emission: A Microinvestigation Technique for Interface Mechanisms in Fibre Composites,\(20) Rouby, D. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, INTERFACES, FRACTURE(MECHANICS).; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 313-322; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The acoustic emission (AE) technique was used for two methods for characterizing the fibre-matrix interface: the multiple fracture of a single filament in a model Carbon-Epoxy composite and the microindentation on an unidirectional SiC-Mullite ceramic composite. Concerning the multiple fibre fracture, the AE events are directly linked to the fibre breaking phenomena. The events counting permits an easy determination of the average length of the remaining segments. AE sources localization brings confirmation of the random nature of the fibre breaks. Finally, the quantitative analysis of the AE signals delivered by an absolute transducer leads to dynamic and geometrical informations about the fracture process itself. The AE signals is in fact linked to the pull-back of the two fibre parts, of which magnitude and dynamics are depending on the interface behaviour. Concerning microindentation, in the case of a strongly bonded interface, the unstable debonding process can be detected in real time by a typical AE event. The relation between the critical debond load and fibre radius seemingly indicates that the debonding criterion is more likely given by energy balance than by a critical interfacial shear stress. The AE produced by debonding was also analysed quantitatively by using the absolute transducer. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339143 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53144 NT53144\(10) Identification of the Acoustic Signals Generated by the Rupture of SIC Fibre/Metallic Matrix Composites, \(20) Merienne, M.C. Favre, J.P.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES, COMPOSITES, INTERFACES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 304-312; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A micromechanical study of the SiC fibre/metallic interface has been made with the help of a fragmentation test, associated with acoustic emission control. Through the analysis of the acoustic activity of the single filament model composites submitted to a tensile stress, various damage modes involving the interface can be detected and analyzed: fibre ruptures, ruptures of the reaction zone created between the fibre and the metallic matrix during the elaboration, fibre/matrix debonding and plastic deformation of the matrix. The analysis in energy and frequency of the signals allow to identify the different phenomena and to give a chronological description of the fragmentation process: it starts towards the end of the elastic part of the stress-strain curve and keeps going during the plastic deformation stage with fibres breaking at wider intervals but more and more interfacial damage. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339142 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53143 NT53143\(10) Energy Distribution Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signals from the Tensile Testing of CFRP,\(20) Kwon, Oh-Yang Yoon, D.J.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, KOREA, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, TENSILE TESTS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 298-303; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The fracture behavior of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CFRP) has been investigated by parametric analysis of acoustic emission (AE) signals. The energy distribution is appeared to be very effective to isolate a single fracture mechanism in a particular laminate, for example (+/- 45 degrees) sub 2s. The validity of this parameter has been verified by the point by point integration of the amplitude squared of digitized AE signals. The group of signals detected at the final failure of samples with high energy are attributed to the rapid growth of delamination. The formation of relatively large fracture surface parallel to the fiber orientation can generate the highly energetic signals. However, the energy distribution from the fracture of (0 degrees/90 degrees) sub 2s cross-ply laminate was lack of those energy signals. The constraint effect of 90 degree-plies is likely to suppress the generation of high energy signals. The peak amplitude distribution also showed fewer numbers of high amplitude signals for \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339141 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53142 NT53142\(10) Acoustical Detection of Transverse Cracking in a Crossply Composite, \(20) Gorman, M.R. Ziola, S.M. Koury, J.L.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CROSS PLY LAMINATES, COMPOSITES, CRACKS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 286-297; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Transverse cracking in the ninety degree plys is the first failure mode of a (0,90)s crossply laminate loaded in tension in the zero degree direction. This is followed by longitudinal splitting along the zero degree fibers at much higher load levels. This wide separation in the loads for the onset of these different failure mechanisms points to the possibility for unambiguous source characterization. Transverse cracking causes stiffness change in composites and has been the subject of recent theoretical studies. In this paper we show that transverse cracking in a (0/90)s crossply laminate can be detected by acoustic emission (AE) and ultrasonic (UT) backscatter techniques. Cracks were created in one inch wide by fifteen inch long graphite/epoxy coupons loaded in tension. We show that cracking completely across the width of the coupon was imaged quite well by a 15 MHz spherically focused ultrasonic transducer used in the backscatter (oblique angle) mode. After UT scanning, the coupons were sectioned, examined microscopically, and the cracking confirmed. Monitoring acoustic emission produced by the cracks and showed the need for enhancing the resolution of location by triangulation. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339140 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53141 NT53141\(10) Acoustic Analysis of the Accumulation of Cracks in CFRP Cross-Ply Laminates Under Tensile Loading,\(20) Favre, J.P. Laizet, J.C. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS, COMPOSITES, CROSS PLY LAMINATES, TENSILE LOADING.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 278-285; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) There is a great concern about the damage development in carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) but experience does usually not keep up with the theoretical models due to the experimental difficulties in the cracks observation and counting in this respect, the acoustic emission could offer some decisive advantages. The crack accumulation in the transverse layer of simple cross-ply carbon/epoxy composites under monotonic tensile loading has been studied by means of the amplitude content of the acoustic signals. Since cracks in the transverse layer are a prominent damage, they could be easily controlled by X-rays and the necessary correlations were frequently made. For thick enough layers, there is a 1:1 correspondence between the high-amplitude signals and the number of observed cracks and the damage progression can be easily watched. Two regimes of crack formation have been observed in agreement with the current models of the cracking process. For laminates with thin transverse layers, amplitude distributions are more confusing. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339139 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53140 NT53140\(10) Recognition on Fracture Modes and Behavior in FRP by AE Waveform-Microdata,\(20) Yamaguchi, Kusuo Oyaizu, Hirotada Johkaji, Jun Kobayashi, Yutaka \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, MICRODATA, WAVEFORMS, FRACTURE(MECHANICS).; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; 1989; July 17-21, 1989; 268-277; 14 refs. Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) As the structural materials, composites have more advantages but show more complicated fracture modes and growth behavior than homogeneous material like metal. Conventional AE techniques which mainly depend on amplitude distribution analysis have the performance limitation for such purposes because of the shortage of information. Advanced AE instrumentation systems which have much more powerful performances by utilizing AE waveform-microdata have been developed. After the successful applications to metal structures, in the application to GFRP experiments, good results of fracture modes recognition between fiber breakage and others have been obtaining. Also friction AE's and fracture AE's could be recognized in cyclic loading. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339138 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53139 NT53139\(10) Advanced AE Instrumentation System for Versatile and Precise Use by Waveform-Microdata Processing,\(20) Oyaizu, Hirotada Yamaguchi, Kusuo \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, INSTRUMENTATION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 259-267; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Advanced AE instrumentation for versatile and precise use has been considered necessary to meet the high requirements for the wide and developing applications of AE technology. In this paper, the concepts and the architecture of the advanced AE system, the system developments and the performance will be explained. Also the processing methods for the sort of analysis will be explained. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339137 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53138 NT53138\(10) Statistical Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signals Associated with fatigue damage in CFRP Composites, \(20) Maslouhi, A. Roy, C. Prouix, D. Cherfaoui, M. Zimcik, D.G. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931430-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, SIGNAL ANALYSIS, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS, COMPOSITES, FATIGUE(MECHANICS).;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composites Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 250-258; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The present work used two different but complementary AE techniques to monitor the damage developing in a carbon fiber/epoxy laminate, while subjected to fatigue loading. The first technique followed damage progression in the composite by means of a computerized system using a resonant sensor. Four parametric values of each signal analyzed in a time domain were extracted and stored, namely: the amplitude, event duration, the rise time, and the ring-down count. A fifth parameter, a mechanical load dependent DC signal, was autocorrelated to the AE signal during each cycle. The second technique used a broadband sensor to collect signal data that was subsequently digitized. These data were analyzed in the frequency domain to identify power spectral density of the signal components which provided frequency content and amplitude. Statistical and multivariate analyses of up to 17 parameters derived from the fatigue data using the two complementary techniques were performed in order to regroup into classes of AE signals with matching characteristics. Analysis of these grouped signals provided the necessary discriminatory power for automatic classification of the AE signals. The paper describes monitoring system and the use of this system in the identification of microfailures in a CFRP composite when subjected to static and dynamic loadings. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339136 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53137 NT53137\(10) Acoustic Emission Signal Classification of Graphite/Polyphenylene Sulfide Composite Subjected to Mode II Fracture,\(20) Hoa, S.V. Smith, I.C.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, FRACTURE(MECHANICS), SIGNAL RECOGNITION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOFTWARE.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 240-249; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Environmental effects such as moisture exposure and temperature on microfailure mechanism in carbon-fibre reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (C/PPS) composite were investigated by subjecting conditional unidirectional, 24 ply laminated sheets to Mode II fracture. Testing was done on an MTS servohydraulic universal mechanical test system under deflection control and the load-deflection response was obtained in each case. During testing, the acoustic emission signals were detected using a system made by Physical Acoustics Corporation to monitor crack propagation. The identification and classification of acoustic emission signals was achieved using the Intelligent Classifier Engineering Package (ICEPAK) processing software. Signal features were extracted and the processing system was trained to recognize signal classes through the choice of four signal classifiers: linear discriminant function, K-nearest neighbor, empirical bayesian, and minimum distance. The recognition rates were determined for each classifier in each test group. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339135 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53136 NT53136\(10) Pattern Recognition Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signals from Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites, \(20) Kawamoto, Kenji Ono, Kanji\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES, PATTERN RECOGNITION, DELAMINATION, LAP JOINTS, LOADS(FORCES), TENSILE TESTS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 230-239; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite samples were tested in tension and their acoustic emission signals were digitized and analyzed using the ICEPAK pattern recognition analysis method. A complementary set of conventional AE parameters was also obtained using Phoenix AE system and compared with the digitized data. AE signals generated from single lap-joint, unidirectional and cross-ply laminates were classified using features in the power spectral and auto-correlation domain. Typically, three to four signal types were selected by visual comparison of waveforms from each type of the samples tested. After training a K-nearest neighbor classifier, unknown signals were analyzed using ICEPAK. The pattern recognition method can be used in discriminating the apparently same shaped signals with dissimilar peak amplitude. These often have different power spectral features. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the ICEPAK method in the differentiation of signal types, but points up the need of better identification of reference patterns in addition to waveform matching. Three types of AE signals corresponding to delamination sources were successfully classified in the lap joint sample. However, AE from more complex sources could not be related to specific\(24) Published by ASNT, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339134 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53135 NT53135\(10) Standard Test to Quantify the Knee in the AE vs. Load Curve as a Material Parameter for Composites,\(20) Mitchell, James R.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, MEASUREMENT, MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, DATA ACQUISITION, LOADS(FORCES), STRESSES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 207-217. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The knee in the AE vs. load curve has become a useful tool for evaluation of composite material and is fast becoming a recognized material property for a broad range of layups. The concept is in routine use for preventing unintentional failure of prototype structures, proof testing of in-service structures to determine residual strength and as a design tool. A discussion of the many variables associated with AE testing of composite materials is presented along with a means of graphically measuring the knee in terms of stress and strain. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339133 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53134 NT53134\(10) Proof Testing of Unidirectional GFRP Using Acoustic Emission Technique,\(20) Masson, J.J. Valentin, D. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, GLASS FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES, PROOF TESTS, RUPTURE(MECHANICS).; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 200-206; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This study is an attempt to use Acoustic Emission as a non destructive mean of investigation of the quality of a glass fibre reinforced composite. For this, some characteristic parameters of the Acoustic Emission activity of the samples have been recorded below 50% of the stress at rupture. It is shown that although Acoustic Emission is a global and indirect method of control, it can be used in a proof testing procedure. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339132 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53133 NT53133\(10) Acoustic Emission Conditions for Failure Prediction of Winding Carbon Structures, \(20) Le Floc'h, C. Beziers, S.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, PRESSURE VESSELS, STORAGE TANKS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 194-199. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper presents the preliminary results of a study about the prediction by Acoustic Emission of the pressure burst of a composite pressurant tank. The prediction is realized with a criterion in relation with the pressure level and defined with AE measurements. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339131 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53132 NT53132\(10) Delayed Acoustic Emission: A Rheological Approach,\(20) Rochat, N. Fougeres, R. Fleischmann, P.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, MODELS(SIMULATIONS), LOADS(FORCES).;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 184-193; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Delayed acoustic emission is related to delayed damage in fibre composite materials which occurs during creep tests on tensile specimens. The aim of this study is to determine a model characteristing the acoustic emission response of a structure made of composite materials under constant load. We have noticed a good correlation between delayed acoustic emission and the composite material rheological behaviour, under constant load. Mechanical creep properties of the composite mainly depends on the matrix rheological behaviour. Thus, the basic idea consists in establishing a relation between acoustic emission and the matrix rheological behaviour. Thanks to a rheological study of the matrix, we have been able to describe and quantify the delayed acoustic emission. Damage criteria can be chosen between the parameters involved in the acoustic emission model. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(9) na\(23) ADD339130 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53131 NT53131\(10) Determining the Reliability Increase of Rocket Motors due to Acoustic Emission Monitoring,\(20) Hawkins, G.F. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, ROCKET ENGINES, ACOUSTIC MONITORING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 180-183. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring has assisted in extending the life and, to some extent, in predicting the ultimate strength of composite materials. While AE monitoring has also been employed during proof tests of composite rocket motors, the technique has not been universally accepted in the launch vehicle industry. This paper will (1) discuss some of the pros and cons of AE monitoring of rocket motor proof tests, (2) develop a parameter to help quantify the confidence gained by AE monitoring and (3) describe an experiment to determine such a parameter. With this information, launch vehicle program managers will be able to better assess the benefits of AE testing with respect to its cost. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339129 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53130 NT53130\(10) Felicity Ratio Behavior of Pneumatically and Hydraulically Loaded Spherical Composite Test Specimens, \(20) Whittaker, J.W. Brosey, W.D. Hamstad, M.A. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, FELICITY EFFECT, SPHERES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 168-179; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) A series of 70 small, spherical composite test specimens (some of nominal quality and some with embedded anomalies) were fabricated and evaluated by various nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant. Acoustic emission (AE) was monitored during the pneumatic proof and hydraulic destructive tests which followed. The tests were so structured as to produce Felicity Ratio (FR) values. The results indicate that AE detection sensitivity was increased when pressurization was by hydraulic rather than pneumatic means. The increased sensitivity resulted in lower FR values for the hydraulic tests. FR values were observed to decrease with the time delay between successive test cycles. Statistical evaluation of specimen failure strengths revealed no significant differences between specimens with different anomalies which implies that the anomalies did not significantly affect specimen strength. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences between FR values produced by specimens with different anomalies. Limited data are presented which imply that the FR is dependent upon the fiber spool from which a specimen was wound. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339128 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53129 NT53129\(10) Correlation of Felicity Ratio and Strength Behavior of Impact-Damaged Spherical Composite Test Specimens, \(20) Whittaker, J.W. Brosey, W.D. Hamstad, M.A. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, IMPACT DAMAGE, FELICITY EFFECT, SPHERES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 160-167; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An investigation was made of the acoustic emission (AE) Felicity Ratio (FR) behavior of small, impact-damaged, filament-wound, spherical composite test specimens. Damage modes included composite micro-buckling, matrix cracking, delaminations, fiber breakage, and permanent liner deformation to varying degrees. FR values were derived from AE produced during cyclic hydraulic loading. The results revealed that specimen strength and FR values decrease almost linearly with impact damage level. AE sources were active at different locations throughout the specimens but the majority of the Felicity-related AE was found to originate in the damaged regions. FR values were directly related to specimen strength which implies that a properly configured pressure test with AE monitoring could be used to predict the strength of damaged structures of similar construction. More sophisticated techniques for FR determination which are independent of source-transducer separation were examined. Low-epoxy-matrix content, in conjunction with impact damage, was demonstrated to affect both failure strength and FR values. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339127 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53128 NT53128\(10) AE Inspection of Carbonfiber-Reinforced Structures for Aerospace Applications,\(20) Block, Joachim\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS, CRACK GROWTH, LOADING, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, THERMAL STRESSES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 151-159; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Acoustic emission studies have been performed on CFRP specimens and on experimental aerospace structures which wer also made of CFRP. The weight-specific strength and stiffness values of this material are significantly superior to those of metals and alloys, but have to be dearly paid with a very complicated fracture behavior under load. Fortunately all types of fracture can be detected and pursued by means of AE. The growth of cracks has been investigated not only under mechanical load, but also under the influence of thermally induced stresses between fibers and matrix. These stresses become severe when the CFRP laminate is exposed to the large temperature gradients occurring in space. Emphasis was also placed upon the problem of event overlapping. It may lead to falsifications of the AE results when the emission rate is high. A mathematical model is proposed which compensates the overlapping error at least approximately. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339126 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53127 NT53127\(10) ARIANE 4 SPELDA - Flight Proving by Acoustic Emission,\(20) Cole, P.T. Thomas, N.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, SPACE APPLICATIONS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 144-150. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The SPELDA, which provides a dual launch capability for satellites on the ARIANE launch vehicle, is manufactured for Arianespace by British Aerospace from advanced composite materials. The structure, which is four metres diameter and nearly four metres high, has a carbon-fibre face skin, aluminum honeycomb sandwich construction with aluminum circumferential rings at the top, bottom and separation sections. During the final stages of production the structure is subjected to loads in different axes to simulate conditions during launch and flight. At this point Acoustic Emission (AE) sensors are attached to the structure to monitor for any microstructural damage which may be occurring. The AE test serves several purposes; it gives warning immediately should any minor activity occur so that any failure could be avoided by stopping the test, it provides support for the standard NDT methods by confirming there are no structurally significant defects present, and it helps to ensure that the structure will sustain the future flight loadings. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT5311).\(9) na\(23) ADD339125 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53126 NT53126\(10) Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Bending Tests on a Hydrothermal Aged PA66 Matrix/Glass Fibre Composite,\(20) Allie, C. Valentin, D. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, FIBERGLASS, COMPOSITES, WATER, AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS, THERMOSETTING PLASTICS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 137-143; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This paper describes the effects incurred when subjecting a unidirectional composite of polyamide 66 reinforced with continuous glass fibres, to high temperature or a hot and humid environment. Three point bending tests were carried out using various support spans in order to vary loading mode. The tests were monitored by acoustic emission (A.E.) analysis. The evolution of stress-strain graphs and of counts and events numbers and amplitude distributions have been compared; the results show that the effects of temperature and moisture content on the composite behavior are the same. This phenomenon is explained by the decrease of the glass transition temperature when the polymer absorbs water. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339124 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53125 NT53125\(10) Environmental Effects on Advanced Fibre Hybrid Composites - An Acoustic Emission Study,\(20) Gopalan, R. Sudheendra, H.N. Madhava, M.R. Dattaguru, B. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, INDIA, RESIN, COMPOSITES, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, FAILURE(MECHANICS), ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ADVANCED COMPOSITES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; 1989; 129-136; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Hygrothermal effects on the failure mechanism of Neat resin, simple and hybrid (permeable and/or impermeable) fibre composites have been studied by using Acoustic Emission Techniques. AE cumulative counts as a function of stress have been obtained for both dry and hydrothermally conditioned specimens. The experimental investigations revealed a significant change in the failure process in these composites in addition to the degradation in strength and stiffness properties. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339123 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53124 NT53124\(10) Acoustic Emission Analysis of GFR Thermoplastic Composites,\(20) Teti, R. Bastioli, C. Romano, G.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ITALY, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC COMPOSITES, WATER, THERMOSETTING PLASTICS, BENDING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 119-128; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Glass fiber reinforced (GFR) poly(ethylene-terephtalate) (PET) composites were subjected to aging cycles in water at various temperatures. The analysis of their behavior was carried out through acoustic emission (AE) detection during three-point bending tests performed on virgin and aged samples. The AE response was basically different for the two composite types making it possible to discriminate the aged samples at a stress level as low as 15% of the virgin material ultimate stress. On the basis of the AE analysis and the results of aging tests, two different fracture mechanisms were considered to successively operate in the aged GFR material: embrittled matrix early cracking and final failure of fibers and matrix. The discrimination of the AE activity produced by these two failure mechanisms was attempted through amplitude analysis. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339122 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53123 NT53123\(10) Evaluation of Degradation Behavior on GFRP in Hot Water by Acoustic Emission, \(20) Hamada, Hiroyuki Maekawa, Zenichiro Morii, Tohru \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC, COMPOSITES, WATER, CORROSION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 109-118; 9 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In this study the degradation behavior on glass fiber cloth reinforced unsaturated polyester resins in hot water is evaluated using acoustic emission (AE) technique. The specimens are immersed in hot water (100 C). The tensile tests are performed on the wet and dried specimens after immersion. Simultaneously AE tests are carried out monitoring the damage propagation of GFRP. The effects of absorbed water and the fracture mechanisms are discussed by the AE amplitude distribution histograms, and the causes of the reduction of mechanical properties are also clarified by them. The tensile elastic modulus keeps constant value in spite of water immersion. On the other hand, the tensile strength decreases due to water immersion. The retention of the tensile strength makes a difference between the wet and dried specimens. The tensile strength is correlated with the total AE events in both the wet and dried GFRP. The events with high range amplitude decrease remarkably in the AE amplitude distributions of the wet specimens as immersion time goes on, however, the events with high range amplitude scarcely decrease in the dried specimens. The events with high range amplitudes are generated by fiber breaking. Therefore difference in the strength reduction between the wet and dried specimens is caused by decrease of fiber breaking. It is clarified by the AE amplitude distribution histograms that decrease of fiber breakage is due to degradation of matrix, and as a result the tensile strength of GFRP decreases. Matrix in the wet specimens comes to break easily due to absorbed water. On the contrary, matrix in the dried specimens is hard to break since absorbed water is removed from matrix. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339121 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53122 NT53122\(10) Service Life Prediction of Glass Reinforced Plastic Under Stress Corrosion Condition by Acoustic Emission,\(20) Golaski, Leszek Ranachowski, Jerzy\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, POLAND, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC COMPOSITES, STRESS CORROSION, SERVICE LIFE, LIFE PREDICTION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 101-108; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This paper reports an experimental investigation on service life of glass reinforced plastic under uni- and biaxial state of stress and corrosive environment conditions. Glass reinforced pipes with various fiber arrangement and bunches of fiber were loaded in corrosive environment and their mechanical and acoustic emission responses were determined. The beginning of stress corrosion cracking of glass fiber gives a rapid rise in acoustic emission activity. The stress corrosion cracking is observed at stresses beyond the point of initiation of matrix fiber boundary cracking. The service life of composite depends on stress in the fiber, activation energy, loading mode and temperature. This service life is evaluated using Arrhenius equation. To estimate the accumulation of damage the tests with periodic unloading were made and the Baily criterion was analysed. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 42328-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339120 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53121 NT53121\(10) Study by Acoustic Emission of Damage Development in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composites,\(20) Martin, Ch. Dartyge, J.M. Morel, E. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, DAMAGE GROWTH, TENSILE TESTS.,;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 97-100. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) In Carbon fibre reinforced composites made from 2 epoxy resins with different fibers and stacking sequences, acoustic emission was recorded during tensile tests. It showed that with the more ductile matrix, delayed onset of damage was observed, together with a reduced number of events. However, appearance of delamination did not induce singularities in the AE process. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339119 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53120 NT53120\(10) Attempt to Analyse Laminate Failure Mechanisms by Acoustic Emission, \(20) Perreux, D. Varchon, D. Oytana, C.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, LAMINATES, FAILURE(MECHANICS), MECHANICAL TESTS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 92-96; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) In this study, the comparison between mechanic and acoustic features during static test of laminate material has been made. Particularly, we look for a correlation between first ply failure criterion of laminate and amplitude analyses of acoustic emission. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339118 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53119 NT53119\(10) Distinguishing Acoustic Emission Generated by Actual Damage Progression from Non-Relevant AE in Graphite Epoxy Composites,\(20) Mittelman, A. Roman, I. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ISRAEL, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, GRAPHITE EPOXY COMPOSITES, DAMAGE GROWTH, MOMENTS, PEAK AMPLITUDE.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 84-91; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) It is well established that the amount of non-relevant AE generated by friction, is a significant amount of the total emission, and in most cases even exceed that caused by actual damage progression in graphite-epoxy composites. In the work reported here, we have employed our approach of utilizing statistical moments of the peak amplitude distribution (PAD) in order to distinguish between actual and non-relevant AE. Unidirectional graphite-epoxy tensile samples, having a fiber volume fraction (Vf) of 0.55, produced by filament winding technique, were used. The samples were cyclically loaded, and PAD of the AE was monitored. The cycling was composed of several loading blocks, each of constant load level which was increased for the next block. It is assumed that new actual damage can occur in the first cycle of each loading block and the AE observed in successive cycles, of the same block, is mainly due to friction. The third and fourth moments of the PAD of AE generated during load increase in each first cycle was compared with those obtained for the rest of the cycles in the same loading block. Results indicate that values of the moments for first load increase, are significantly higher when compared with those for cycling. Since the AE generated during the first load increase in each block results from damage progression (in addition to friction) and the AE generated during cycling is due to friction, the different values of the statistical moments (of PAD) can thus be employed to distinguish between actual and \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339117 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53118 NT53118\(10) Influence of Environmental Conditions During Materials Processing by Felicity Ratio Measurement, \(20) Lemascon, A. Blazer, A. Grospierre, A. Yrieix, M.C. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FELICITY EFFECT.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 73-82; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The influence of relative humidity on the quality of low cost composite materials is mostly undefined, especially the action of water on fiber sizing and polymer resins during manufacturing and curing phases. E glass (woven + mat) vinylester panels were made by spray lay up techniques in three environment conditions. Physico-chemical analysis was combined with mechanical tests, non destructive testing and fractographic investigations to estimate the influence of environmental parameters during manufacturing. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339116 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53117 NT53117\(10) Acoustic Emission Characterization of Differently Conditioned Carbon/Peek Laminates, \(20) Mensitieri, G. Teti, R. Borzacchiello, G. Sabatino, C. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ITALY, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, LAMINATES.,;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 63-72; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The acoustic emission (AE) behavior of carbon/PEEK composite laminates conditioned in different ways is studied. Scope of the research is the identification of possible correlations between the AE response and material history in terms of conditioning parameters. The composites under examination are 0 degrees, 90 degrees and quasi-isotropic of the ((0/90/+-45)) type laminates with nominal thickness of 1.25 mm. The specimens were differently conditioned according to the following procedures: a) thermal cycles between -40 and +80 C; b) tensile-tensile fatigue cycles; c) low velocity impact damaging. The different specimens, conditioned and non conditioned, were subjected to incremental tensile tests. Pre-fatigued and impacted samples showed a different AE behavior in comparison with non-conditioned samples, whereas thermally conditioned samples did not evidence a significant effect of the conditioning procedure on the material AE response. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339115 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53116 NT53116\(10) Development of Production Acoustic Emission Evaluation Criteria from Qualification Torque Load Testing of Graphite/Epoxy Power Transmission Shafts,\(20) Rodgers, John M. Okey, David W.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, GRAPHITE EPOXY, DRIVE SHAFTS, POWER TRANSMISSION.,;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 52-62; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Power transmission shafts, also known as drive shafts or torque tubes, offer an ideal application for composite materials. Strength and stiffness can be tailored to the application, and weight savings of 50 percent over aluminum are possible. For several years, the difficulty has been the termination of the shaft into appropriate end fittings. The use of typical metallic fittings reduces the weight savings gained by the application of composites. Minimal weight savings will not justify the extra expense incurred in bringing composite parts into present aerospace systems: acceptance tests, reliability assurance, and the performance of the component under all required conditions, especially fatigue and in a hot/wet environment. These problems are solved using polygonal, molded-in end fittings for composite fiber/resin structures (patents applied for). Acoustic emission was used in conjunction with destructive testing to determine the critical AE parameters for production evaluation of graphite/epoxy torque tubes under limit load conditions. Thirteen qualification tubes in two different configurations were tested in order to establish AE evaluation criteria. The recommended criteria and limit load testing profile can be used to successfully screen production parts for consistent design/material/fabrication quality. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339114 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53115 NT53115\(10) Acoustic Emission Technology for the Development of Composite Materials in Automobile Industry,\(20) Sato, Norio\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS.,; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 42-51; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This paper describes the utility of acoustic emission (AE) technology for the development of automotive composite materials. First, microfailure mechanisms of two typical composites, short glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics and unidirectional glass fiber reinforced epoxy resins, were studied by using the acoustic emission technique and in-situ observation of microfailure process which was proposed by the authors. The microfailure mechanisms as well as correspondence between the emission signals and microfailure origins were clarified. On the basis of the mechanisms, the microfailure origins were clarified. On the basis of the mechanisms, the acoustic emission technology was applied to material development, structural design, and quality assurance test for automotive composite components. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339113 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53114 NT53114\(10) Procedure for Acceptance Testing of FRP Balsa Wood Core Pressure Vessels, \(20) Ouellette, P. Hoa, S.V. Li, L.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 9 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CANADA, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, PRESSURE VESSELS, STORAGE TANKS, WOOD, CORES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 33-41; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring is becoming the nondestructive testing method of choice for many large fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) structures of industrial importance. Over the last decade several test procedures have been adopted in North America for qualifying such structures. In the case of FRP pressure vessels and tanks, the recommended practice developed by the Committee on Acoustic Emission from Reinforced Plastics (CARP) has been in existence for about seven years. In testing FRP road tankers with Balsa wood cores (BWC), designs that have proved successful in service for many years are consistently rejected using the CARP practice. A new procedure was developed for these 'noisy' structures. The method is based on a fixed sequence of six repeated loading cycles. The AE count activity from cycle to cycle is recorded, and normalized with respect to activity during the first cycle. Based on tests of 25 road tankers, including 8 tests to bursting, a standard practice was proposed with acceptance/rejection criteria which can be rapidly calculated and used unambiguously in the decision-making process. The results presented here might advantageously be applied to other designs of FRP pressure vessels and other polymer composite structures. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339112 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53113 NT53113\(10) Development of Control Methods by Acoustic Emission in Composite Materials Tubes. Part I, \(20) Herve, C. Cherfaoui, M. Roget, J. Truchon, M. Dufour, X.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, TUBING, FIBERGLASS, EPOXY.,;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 28-32; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Acoustic emission is emenently used for inspecting composite pipes and vessels and as a result specifications have been produced for those applications over the last years. This paper describes the main typical results of tests performed on tubes (glassfiber-epoxy). Various types of tests were carried out: - CARP code procedure for qualification and in-service inspection; Burst tests during which pressure is increased with period holds. AE results allow to compare the global quality and mechanical behaviour of pipes from various manufactures. The CARP criteria were applied to the monitoring of sound and defective pipes. In this case, intentional defects as impacts were studied and their influence on AE criteria was invaluable. All these analyses allow to evaluate applicability of CARP procedures for this specific product also to estimate the practical problems encountered when implementing it literally. Applications of CARP criteria allow to clearly distinguish pipes according to their origin. Some of them are qualified and others are not. Results are usually very reproducible for a given type of tube. Finally, results of CARP code have to be graduated for it appears that very often a go-no go decision is not entirely satisfactory, AE results need to be analyzed more in detail. To characterize the damage, AE monitoring is associated with other examination: C-scan before and after the pressurizing, strains measurements, physico-chemical analysis. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. \(9) na\(23) ADD339111 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53112 NT53112\(10) New Directions in Testing,\(20) Fowler, Timothy J. Blessing, James A. Conlisk, Peter J. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 12 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITES, REINFORCED PLASTICS, PRESSURE VESSELS, STORAGE TANKS, AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS, AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS, BLADES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published in 'Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials'; AECM-3; July 17-21, 1989; 16-27; 18 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Acoustic emission parameters based on the signal envelope have been found to be powerful indicators of the type and intensity of an emission source. The area under the voltage signal envelope is particularly useful. Related parameters such as the first and second moment of area of the signal envelope may also be of value. The paper reviews new directions in field testing and discusses new analysis methods based on envelope parameters. Experience with simplified test procedures is reported together with initial experience using neural networks. The new directions promise to provide a much greater understanding of the nature and position of defects, and lead to simpler test procedures and instrumentation, and an overall reduction in test cost. This, in turn, is expected to lead to an even wider use of acoustic emission inspection methods. (Author).\(24) Published by ASNT, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0218. (See also NT-53111). \(9) na\(23) ADD339110 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53111 NT53111\(10) Paris 1989. Third International Symposium on Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials. \(20) na\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 441 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-931403-88-X, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS, SYMPOSIUMS, CURING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS, FRACTURE(MECHANICS), SIGNAL PROCESSING, INSTRUMENTATION, CHARACTERIZATION, MICROANALYSIS, INTERFACES, MICROMECHANICS, METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Available for public release; distribution unlimited. Published by ASNT, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Contains papers organized as follows: testing, inspection, curing, environmental effects, aerospace applications, fracture mechanics, signal processing, instrumentation, characterization, microanalysis, interfaces, micromechanisms, metal matrix composites, acousto-ultrasonics. (NTIAC/gta). Descriptive Note: AECM-9.\(24) Symposium held July 17-21, 1989, Paris, France. For individual papers see NT-53112 - NT-53158.\(9) na\(23) ADD339109 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53053 NT53053\(10) Computerized Self-Compensating Systems for Ultrasonic Inspection of Airplane Structures, \(20) Komsky, I.N. Achenbach, J.D.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 1-57117-001-4, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, AGING AIRCRAFT, STRUCTURES, AIRFRAMES, CORROSION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Quality and Safety Awareness for the 21st Century through Ultrasonic Technology'; ASNT Advanced Ultrasonic Topical Conference; 1994; 16-20; 3 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Two ultrasonic techniques have been developed at Northwestern University for inspection of structural components of airplanes as a part of the National Aging Aircraft Research Program. Both techniques are based on the use of ultrasonic waves for the detection and characterization of defects in the second or third layers of multilayered airplane structures. (Author). \(24) Published by ASNT, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (See also NT-53051). \(9) na\(23) ADD339051 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53050 NT53050\(10) High Temperature Young's Modulus of Carbon-Carbon Composite Material, \(20) Tittmann, B.R.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-0432-1, YOUNG'S MODULUS, HIGH TEMPERATURE, CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials and Structures Using Vibration and Acoustic Techniques'; NDE-Vol. 16; 1989; 69-72; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Many current applications require knowledge of mechanical properties at high temperatures. Because of the limitations of static stress-strain tests at high temperatures, the need for measurements of dynamic modulus has arisen. This paper presents, apparently for the first time, results for Young's modulus of carbon-carbon composite preparations during pyrolysis with the aid of a vibrating bar technique up to 600 C. The measurements used a polarized electrostatic drive to excite flexural resonant vibrations of samples, typically 90 mm by 10 mm by 5 mm. Young's Modulus was calculated from the resonant frequency and interpreted in the light of complementary AE data and micrography. (Author). \(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53042).\(9) na\(23) ADD339048 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53049 NT53049\(10) Application of Multiple Scattering of Waves to NDE,\(20) Varadan, V.K. Ma, Y. Varadan, V.V. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-0432-1, WAVE PROPAGATION, COMPOSITES, SCATTERING.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials and Structures Using Vibration and Acoustic Techniques'; NDE-Vol. 6; 1989; 61-67; 22 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A multiple scattering formalism, using a T-matrix to characterize the response of a single inclusion to incident waves, is presented. The purpose is to investigate the wave propagation characteristics for the non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of materials. In addition to the closed form expressions derived for low frequency cases, the formalism is ideally suited for numerical computation of the attenuation of the transmitted wave intensity as well as the dispersion of the phase velocity at high frequencies. The information is then used to evaluate both porous materials and fiber- or particle-reinforced composites. Numerical results are presented and some of them are also compared with available experimental measurements. (Author).\(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53042).\(9) na\(23) ADD339047 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53048 NT53048\(10) Three Dimensional Image Reconstruction of Flaws Using Theoretical and Experimental Impulse Response Data, \(20) Varadan, V.V. Varadan, V.K. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-0432-1, THREE DIMENSIONAL, IMAGING, BACKSCATTERING, IMPULSE RESPONSE, ULTRASONICS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials and Structures Using Vibration and Acoustic Techniques'; NDE-Vol. 6; 1989; 55-59; 15 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) A new method for generating three dimensional images of flaws in elastic solids from backscattered data at a finite number of look angles (usually 2 to 3) is presented. The procedure is based on the physical elastodynamics approximation which leads to a relationship between the backscattered ramp response to an incident ultrasonic ramp pulse and the area of cross section of the object along the 'line of sight'. (Author).\(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53042).\(9) na\(23) ADD339046 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53047 NT53047\(10) Acoustic Emission as a NDE Tool - Certain Laboratory and Field Investigations,\(20) Reddy, D.V. Sailappan, R.N.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-0432-1, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CONCRETE, STRUCTURES, FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS, COMPOSITES.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials and Structures Using Vibration and Acoustic Techniques'; NDE-Vol. 6; 1989; 45-54; 41 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The state-of-the-art of acoustic emission (AE) testing is reviewed with particular reference to concrete structures. The paper also outlines some recent research projects of the authors related to corrosion-induced cracking. The topics covered include principles of AE analysis, field and laboratory investigations of AE monitoring of structures made up of metals, fiber-reinforced plastic composites, concretes, and soils. The authors' work, which forms part of the investigations at Florida Atlantic University, addresses the areas of AE count correlation with strength and with life prediction, crack monitoring in model bridge due to external load, and cracking in fracture mechanics specimens. The conclusions indicate AE as a viable and powerful tool, and the need for further field applications. Notwithstanding certain limitations, the ability to locate a growing defect, coupled with the ability to quantify growth rates with fixed sensors, without recourse to scanning, places AE in the forefront of new techniques for prevention of structural failures. (Author). \(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53042).\(9) na\(23) ADD339045 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53046 NT53046\(10) Lamb Waves - Theory and Application to the NDE of Fiber-Reinforced Composites,\(20) Dayal, V. Kinra, V.K.\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-0432-1, LAMB WAVES, FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES, ANISOTROPY, STIFFNESS, GRAPHITE EPOXY LAMINATES, ATTENUATION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials and Structures Using Vibration and Acoustic Techniques'; NDE-Vol. 6; 1989; 39-44; 19 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The theory of waves traveling in the plane of an anisotropic plate is presented. The results are used for the measurement of stiffness reduction due to matrix cracks-in cross-ply graphite/epoxy laminates. Both the wavespeed and attenuation are found to be good damage metric. (Author). \(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53042).\(9) na\(23) ADD339044 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53045 NT53045\(10) Nondestructive Evaluation of Graphite Epoxy Composites Using Acoustic Techniques, \(20) Raju, P.K. Vaidya, U.K. Crocker, M.J. Valaire, B.T. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-0432-1, GRAPHITE EPOXY COMPOSITES, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials and Structures Using Vibration and Acoustic Techniques'; NDE-Vol. 6; 1989; 29-38; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper presents studies conducted on characterization of defects in tensile samples of unidirectional graphite epoxy composites, using acoustic techniques of nondestructive evaluation. The defects introduced in the specimens were due to precut layers, overlap layers, a combination of misaligned and precut layers and semi-curing of the specimens. Acoustic Emission and Acousto-Ultrasonics were the two nondestructive testing methods adopted in these studies. Acousto-Ultrasonics was found to reliably identify the location of the defect. Acoustic Emission results have been based on peak amplitude distribution of the AE hits and were found to successfully characterize the type of defect. (Author). \(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53042).\(9) na\(23) ADD339043 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53044 NT53044\(10) Application of the Singularity Expansion Method to Elastic Wave Scattering,\(20) Uberall, H. Delsanto, P.P. Alemar, J.D. Rosario, E. Nagl, A. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 13 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-0432-1, ELASTIC WAVES, SCATTERING, INCLUSIONS, SOLIDS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials and Structures using Vibration and Acoustic Techniques'; NDE-Vol. 6; 1989; 15-27; 45 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The Singularity Expansion Method (SEM), which was originally established for electromagnetic-wave scattering by Carl Baum (Proc. IEEE vol. 64, 1976, p. 1598), has later been applied also to acoustic scattering (H. Uberall et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. vol. 72, 1982, p. 1014). In the present paper, we describe further applications of this method of analysis to the scattering of elastic waves from cavities or inclusions in solids. We first analyze the resonances that appear in the elastic-wave scattering amplitude, when plotted vs. frequency, for evacuated or fluid-filled cylindrical and spherical cavities or for solid inclusions. These resonances are interpreted as being due to the phase matching, i.e. the formation of standing waves, of surface waves that encircle the obstacle. The resonances are then traced to the existence of poles of the scattering amplitude in the fourth quadrant of the complex frequency plane, thus establishing the relation with the SEM. The usefulness of these concepts lies in their applicability for solving the inverse scattering problem, which is the central problem of NDE. (Author). \(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53042).\(9) na\(23) ADD339042 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53043 NT53043\(10) Ultrasonic NDE of Specimens of Sub-Wavelength Thickness, \(20) Kinra, V.K. Dayal, V. \(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 14 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-0432-1, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, THICKNESS, WAVELENGTHS, FOURIER TRANSFORMATION, PHASE VELOCITY, MEASUREMENT, ATTENUATION.; \(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials and Structures Using Vibration and Acoustic Techniques'; NDE-Vol. 1; 1989; 1-14; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The classical methods of ultrasonic inspection break down when the thickness of the specimen becomes comparable to the wavelength. By combining elementary theory of Fourier Transforms and conventional ultrasonics hardware, we have developed a new technique for measuring the phase velocity, group velocity, and attenuation in ultra-thin (submillimeter or subwavelength) specimens. The technique is equally effective for thin or thick specimens, for dispersive or non-dispersive media and for elastic or viscoelastic materials. (Author). \(24) Published by ASME, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (See also NT-53042).\(9) na\(23) ADD339041 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53042 NT53042\(10) Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials and Structures Using Vibration and Acoustic Techniques.\(20) na\(11) 01 Jan 1989\(15) 75 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISBN 0-7918-0432-1, STRUCTURES, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, ACOUSTIC IMPACT, ULTRASONIC TESTING, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS, VIBRATION, ACOUSTIC SCATTERING, MODELS(SIMULATIONS), PROCEEDINGS, ASME.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published by American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Several Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) methods have been developed for detection and characterization of defects in materials and structures. The aim of this volume is to bring together recent developments in NDE of materials and structures using Vibration and Acoustic techniques. The techniques which fall in this category are the following: acoustic emission, acoustic impact, ultrasonic testing, acousto-ultrasonic testing, vibration measurement, acoustic scattering, singularity expansion methods, and modal analysis. In this volume eight research papers on selected topics relating to the NDE of materials and structures using Vibration and Acoustics techniques have been compiled together to form an integrated set. (Editor/Modified). \(24) Papers presented at the Winter Annual Meeting of ASME, San Francisco, CA, December 10-15, 1989. (For individual papers see NT-53043 through NT-53050).\(9) na\(23) ADD339040 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53401 NT53401\(10) NDT Quantitative Measurement and a Micro-Computer System for CFRP Inspection, \(20) Liu, Y. Ding, J. \(11) 01 Jan 1988\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) NON-ENGLISH, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CHINA, CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC, COMPUTERS.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Journal of Materials Engineering'; 6; 1988; 32-34. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This paper introduces a quantitative measurement and a micro-computer system for CFRP interior defects. It provides effective means for evaluating material quality, testing performance, establishing and implementing defect standard. (Editor). \(24) Available from ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. (In Chinese). Order photocopy no. 9307-B20244D.\(9) na\(23) ADD339353 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53301 NT53301\(10) Heterodyne Holographic Interferometry: High-Resolution Ranging and Displacement Measurement, \(20) Wagner, James W. \(11) 01 Jan 1988\(15) 16 Page(s)\(22) P--(U) ISBN 0-8155-1171-X, HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFEROMETRY, HETERODYNE HOLOGRAM INTERFEROMETRY.;\(27) na\(14) na\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Electronics Reliability and Measurement Technology; Nondestructive Evaluation'; 1988; 107-122. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Heterodyne holographic interferometry (HHI) provides a means to map out-of-plane displacements and surface contours in full field with an out-of-plane resolution on the order of Angstroms. To gain an understanding of how this is done, three types of holographic interferometry will be considered - classical (homodyne) interferometry, quasi-heterodyne interferometry, and finally heterodyne interferometry. Note that each successive type represents an improvement, not only in resolution, but also in the dynamic range of the measurement. (Author).\(24) Published by Noyes Data Corp., Mill Road, Park Ridge, NJ 07656. (See also NT-53294). \(9) na\(23) ADD339277 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53300 NT53300\(10) Rupture Testing for the Quality Control of Electrodeposited Copper Interconnections in High-Speed, High-Density Circuits, \(20) Zakraysek, Louis \(11) 01 Jan 1988\(15) 17 Page(s)\(22) P--(U) ISBN 0-8155-1171-X, QUALITY CONTROL, COPPER, MICROCRACKS, PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS.; \(27) na\(14) na\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Electronics Reliability and Measurement Technology; Nondestructive Evaluation'; 1988; 89-106; 15 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) PWMLB structures for high-speed, high-density circuits are prone to failure due to the microcracking of electrolytic copper interconnections. The failure can occur in teh foil that makes up the inner layer traces or in the PTH deposit that forms the layer-to-layer interconnections. In this paper, we show that there are some distinctive differences in the quality of Type E copper and that these differences can be detected before its use in a PWMLB. We suggest that the strength of some Type-E copper can be very low when the material is hot and that it is the use of this poor quality material in a PWMLB that results in PTH and inner-layer microcracking. Since the PWMLB failures in question are induced by a thermal stress, and since the poorer grades of Type E materials used in these structures are susceptible to premature failure under thermal stress, we propose the use of elevated temperature rupture and creep-rupture testing as a means for screening copper foil (or its PTH equivalent) in order to eliminate the problem of Type E copper microcracking in advanced PWMLBs. (Author). \(24) Published by Noyes Data Corp., Mill Road, Park Ridge, NJ 07656. (See also NT-53294). \(9) na\(23) ADD339276 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53299 NT53299\(10) Intelligent Laser Soldering Inspection and Process Control,\(20) Vanzetti, Riccardo\(11) 01 Jan 1988\(15) 10 Page(s)\(22) P--(U) ISBN 0-8155-1171-X, PROCESS CONTROL, LASERS, SOLDERING, SOLDERED JOINTS.; \(27) na\(14) na\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Electronics Reliability and Measurement Technology; Nondestructive Evaluation'; 1988; 79-88. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Component assembly on printed circuitry keeps making giant strides toward denser packaging and smaller dimensions. From single layer to multilayer, from through-holes to surface-mounted components (SMDs) and tape-applied bonds (TAB), unrelenting progress results in new, difficult problems in assembling, soldering, inspecting and controlling the manufacturing process of the new electronics. Among the major problems are the variables introduced by human operators. The small dimensions and the tight assembly tolerances are now successfully set by machines which are much faster and precise than the human hand. The same is true for soldering. But visual inspection of the solder joints is now so severely limited by the ever-shrinking area acccessible to the human eye that the inspector's diagnosis cannot be trusted any longer. It is a slow, costly, unreliable and often misleading relic of the pre-automation era. As a matter of fact, it is often the only operation still being performed by humans. A solution must be found to fill this gap. (Author). \(24) Published by Noyes Data Corp., Mill Road, Park Ridge, NJ 07656. (See also NT-53294). \(9) na\(23) ADD339275 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53298 NT53298\(10) Measurement of Opaque Film Thickness, \(20) Thomas, R.L. Jaarin, J. Reyes, C. Oppenheim, I.C. Favro, L.D.\(11) 01 Jan 1988\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) P--(U) ISBN 0-8155-1171-X, THIN FILMS, THICKNESS, MEASUREMENT, THERMAL WAVES.;\(27) na\(14) na\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Electronics Reliability and Measurement Technology; Nondestructive Evaluation'; 1988; 68-78; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) We describe the theoretical and experimental framework for thickness measurements of thin metal films by low-frequency thermal waves. Although we assume that the films are opaque and the substrates are comparatiely poor thermal conductors, the theory is easily extended to other cases of technological interest. We begin with a brief description of thermal waves and the experimental arrangement and parameters. Next we illustrate the usefulness of the technique for making absolute measurements (based on measurements of length and time) of the thermal diffusivities of isotropic substrate materials. This measurement on pure elemental solids provides a check on our three-dimensional theory in the limiting case of zero film thickness. The theoretical framework is then presented, along with numerical calculations and corresponding experimental results for the case of copper films on a glass substrate. (Author). \(24) Published by Noyes Data Corp., Mill Road, Park Ridge, NJ 07656. (See also NT-53294). \(9) na\(23) ADD339274 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53297 NT53297\(10) Wafer Level Reliability for High-Performance VLSI Design, \(20) Root, Bryan J. Seefeldt, James D.\(11) 01 Jan 1988\(15) 13 Page(s)\(22) P--(U) ISBN 0-8155-1171-X, WAFERS, SEMICONDUCTORS, RELIABILITY.; \(27) na\(14) na\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Electronics Reliability and Measurement Technology; Nondestructive Evaluation'; 1988; 42-54; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) As VLSI architecture requires higher package density, reliability of these devices is approaching a critical level. Previous processing techniques allowed a large window for varying reliability. However, as scaling and higher current densities push reliability to its limit, tighter control and instant feedback becomes critical. Previously, long-term package level testing that identified 100-year wearout mechanisms was adequate. Misprocessing resulting in slightly reduced wearout did not affect system performance. Due to scaling, however, normal lifetimes are approaching 20 years. Therefore, wafer level tests providing immediate feedback are essential to screen devices susceptible to any premature failure. This paper describes several test structures developed to monitor reliability at the wafer level. For example, a test structure has been developed to monitor metal integrity in seconds as opposed to weeks or months for conventional testing. Another structure monitors ion contamination at critical steps in the process. Thus the reliability jeopardy can be assessed during fabrication preventing defective devices from ever being placed in the field. Most importantly, the reliability can be assessed on each wafer as opposed to an occasional sample. Unisys Semiconductor is working on developing this technology. (Author). \(24) Published by Noyes Data Corp., Mill Road, Park Ridge, NJ 07656. (See also NT-53294). \(9) na\(23) ADD339273 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53296 NT53296\(10) Sensors Developed for In-Process Thermal Sensing and Imaging, \(20) Choi, I.H. Wise, K.D.\(11) 01 Jan 1988\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) P--(U) ISBN 0-8155-1171-X, SENSORS, IN PROCESS INSPECTION, THERMAL IMAGING, OPTICAL TESTS.;\(27) na\(14) na\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Electronics Reliability and Measurement Technology; Nondestructive Evaluation'; 1988; 37-41; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) As large-scale integration requires smaller geometry and larger chip size, fabrication process control becomes more stringent and thus reliable and efficient process evaluation during wafer processing becomes more important. Among various evaluation methods, non-contact, non-destructive techniques including thermal and optical methods have been of our particular interest. Temperature profiles can be used to provide a diagnostic tool for in situ process control and to find optimal process conditions. Optical methods can provide material and process characterizing information such as thin-film thickness and quality, carrier concentration, or content of contaminants. (Author). \(24) Published by Noyes Data Corp., Mill Road, Park Ridge, NJ 07656. (See also NT-53294). \(9) na\(23) ADD339272 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53295 NT53295\(10) Nondestructive SEM for Surface and Subsurface Wafer Imaging, \(20) Propst, Roy H. Bagnell, C.R. Cole, E.I., Jr. Davies, Brian G. DiBianca, Frank A.\(11) 01 Jan 1988\(15) 17 Page(s)\(22) P--(U) ISBN 0-8155-1171-X, SEMICONDUCTORS, SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE, IMAGE PROCESSING, WAFERS.;\(27) na\(14) na\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in 'Electronics Reliability and Measurement Technology; Nondestructive Evaluation'; 1988; 17-33; 15 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is considered as a tool for both failure analysis as well as device characterization. A survey is made of various operational SEM modes and their applicability to image processing methods on semiconductor devices. (Author). \(24) Published by Noyes Data Corp., Mill Road, Park Ridge, NJ 07656. (See also NT-53294). \(9) na\(23) ADD339271 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-53294 NT53294\(10) Electronics Reliability and Measurement Technology. Nondestructive Evaluation,\(20) Heyman, Joseph S. \(11) 01 Jan 1988\(15) 140 Page(s)\(22) P--(U) ISBN 0-8155-1171-X, ELECTRONICS, RELIABILITY, MICROCIRCUITS, SEMICONDUCTORS.; \(27) na\(14) na\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published by Noyes Data Corporation, Mill RoAD, Park Ridge, NJ 07656. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This book examines electronics reliability and measurement technology. It identifies ADvances in measurement science and technology for nondestructive evaluation, and it details common meaurement trouble spots. The book is based on a workshop held at NASA Langley Research Center in June 1986. The objectives of the research described in the book are to improve reliability, yield, performance, and speed, and to reduce failure rates, delivery times, and costs; i.e., to achieve higher quality and to enhance productivity. If these objectives cannot be attained, the U.S. electronics industries face a crisis which may threaten their very existence. For the U.S. electronics industries to remain in the forefront of the field, they must be able to make quantitative measurements in rapid, nondestructive fashion. It is essential to know which physical, chemical and electrical properties are critical, and to what resolution they must be determined. Various aspects of the subject are discussed in the book, including wafers, parts, and assemblies; and research results are reported. Key problem areas are noted along with recommendations for future research and communication in this most competitive field. (Author). \(24) For individual papers see NT-53295 - NT-53301.\(9) na\(23) ADD339270 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54986 NT54986\(10) Use of a Wavelet Analysis Technique for the Enhancement of Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Ultrasonic NDE,\(20) Chen, Y.J. Shi, Y.W. Lei, Y.P. \(11) 01 Nov 1996\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, INDIA, WAVELETS, ULTRASONICS, SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,11; November 1996; 800-803; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In the ultrasonic inspection of coarse-grained materials, scattering from the grains often causes difficulties in identifying the flaw signal. This paper introduces basic concepts of the wavelet analysis technique. An algorithm based on the wavelet analysis is proposed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio to detect the flaw efficiently. Experimental data for austenitic stainless steel specimens with a coarse grain size are presented which show encouraging flaw detection capabilities from use of the algorithm. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 26 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340817 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54985 NT54985\(10) Non-Destructive Examination of Porcelain Insulators Used in Electricity Transmission Lines,\(20) Joseph, A. Thavasimuthu, M. Jayakumar, T. Raj, Baldev\(11) 01 Nov 1996\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, INDIA, ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, INSULATORS, ULTRASONICS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,11; November 1996; 797-799; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Porcelain insulators are widely used in electricity transmission lines and switch yards. These insulators must be free from any defects which otherwise will lead to various types of disturbances in the transmission of electricity. Among others, the most frequently occurring disturbances are (i) voltage fluctuations due to changes in the dielectric properties of the insulator and (ii) breakdown of insulators which will cause interruption in the power supply. Defects occur in the insulators mainly due to the following reasons: low-grade porcelain material; improper design; poor quality control of various processes used for their manufacture and assembly; mishandling during erection; overload (stresses) due to power surges and earthquakes. In order to avoid disturbances in the transmission of electricity, it is essential that the integrity of the porcelain insulators is maintained with utmost care. To ensure their integrity, it is desirable that the insulators are inspected periodically by a suitable non-destructive test (NDT) method. In the present work, application of a relatively new technique, known as 'dry-scan ultrasonic testing' for examination of the insulators is discussed. This technique has the following advantages: couplant is not required for the testing; the inspection is fast and can be used as a 'GO/NO-GO' type of inspection; defects in different orientations at various locations can be detected; the technique has good potential for in-situ inspection. (Author/Modified).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 26 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340816 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54984 NT54984\(10) Combined Ultrasonic Method on the Estimation of Compressive Concrete Strength,\(20) Ismail, M.P. Yusof, K.M. Ibrahim, A.N. \(11) 01 Nov 1996\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, MALAYSIA, ULTRASONICS, CONCRETE, COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,11; November 1996; 781-785; 14 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) The ultrasonic pulse velocity method has been used to estimate concrete compressive strength for over 40 years. However, the error of the estimation is about +/- 20% at 95% confidence interval even despite a specific calibration. This paper introduces an alternative method which combines the ultrasonic pressure wave velocity and relative amplitude that can reduce error to +/- 5%. The relative amplitude is basically an attenuation method which measures the ratio of the pressure and the shear wave amplitudes. In developing the present combined method, about 500 concrete samples have been prepared for the testing of various parameters. These samples were prepared in nine different sets to cover all the main factors that have been identified as having some effect on the strength-ultrasonic parameters relationship. The factors concerned are the effect of ageing, type and size of coarse aggregates, method and period of curing, moisture content, the existence of reinforcement bars, beam path distance and ultrasonic testing techniques. A chart for strength prediction by the present combined method together with various charts for the corrections have been established. These charts have also been tested with several field samples. Besides a reduction on the error of the prediction, the method also shows an increase in reliability. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 26 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340815 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54983 NT54983\(10) I.M.A.G.IN.E: Letting Bridges do the Talking,\(20) Carter, D. Holford, K.M. \(11) 01 Nov 1996\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, BRIDGES, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, CONDITION MONITORING.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,11; November 1996; 775-779; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) As the nation's bridges become ever older and more deteriorated, the need for advanced bridge NDT methods and management strategies is becoming increasingly apparent. This paper proposes a radical integrated inspection and evaluation system called I.M.A.G.IN.E. (Intelligent Modular Acoustic emission Global INspection Equipment) which 'listens' to bridges using advanced Acoustic Emission (AE) techniques and provides informed output on the 'health' of all aspects of a bridge structure via exploitation of artificial intelligence technology. The issues governing the development of a system are discussed and an operational framework is outlined. The key stages of the system are identified as: raw data acquisition, AE source identification, severity assessment and output to a dedicated Bridge Management System (BMS). A further proposal for a complete bridge control system based on the data available from I.M.A.G.IN.E. is proposed and the role of multimedia technologies is briefly described. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 26 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340814 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54946 NT54946\(10) Mode-Conversion Method for Evaluating Elastic Properties of Materials,\(20) Bouhadjera, A.\(11) 01 Oct 1996\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ALGERIA, ELASTIC PROPERTIES, ULTRASONICS, MODE CONVERSION.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,10; October 1996; 732-736; 26 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) An ultrasonic apparatus for evaluating elastic moduli of materials was designed. The problem of measuring shear-wave velocity, which could be difficult to overcome with equipment using shear-wave transducers, was solved by a transducer-cell. In this latter, only a compressional wave transducer was used. The specimen is in the form of a prism, and the angle arrangement of the specimen and the transducer allowed compressional waves to be refracted either as compressional or shear waves, depending on the angle of incidence of the sound beam on the liquid-solid interface. Thus, both velocities could be computed in a relatively simple manner with the help of a special formula, which contains only easily measured variables. The device can be used with existing flaw detectors which are based on transit-time measurement of a pulse-echo. It could also be linked to a computer through a computer interface in order to make a semi-automated system for computing and displaying elastic constants of materials. The author used no off-the-shelf equipment: in addition to the transducer-cell, which is the subject of this paper, he designed a transducer holder, a power amplifier, a frequency synthesizer, a computer interface, and wrote a computer program in order to control the whole experiment. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 26 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340783 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54945 NT54945\(10) Truth About Magnetic Flux Leakage as Applied to Tank Floor Inspections,\(20) Amos, D.M.\(11) 01 Oct 1996\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, MAGNETIC FLUX LEAKAGE, STORAGE TANKS, ABOVEGROUND STORAGE TANKS, FLOOR INSPECTION.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,10; October 1996; 730-731,736. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Magnetic flux leakage inspection techniques have been widely used in the oil-field inspection industry for over a quarter of a century for the examination of pipe, tubing, and casing, both new and used. It is only in the last ten years that this inspection technique has been applied to above-ground storage tank floors, in an attempt to provide a reliable indication of the overall floor condition within an economical time-frame. In most cases, these inspections are being carried out by industrial inspection NDT companies who do not have the depth of experience in the technique that most of the oil-field tubular inspection companies have. At the same time, this relatively new application of magnetic flux leakage brings with it some additional problems not evident in the inspection of tubulars where certain parameters can be quite closely controlled. Probably the greatest of these is that tank floors are never flat, whereas tubulars are generally always round. The ability to obtain any reasonably consistent quantitative information is seriously impacted by this general unevenness of most tank floors. The application of rigid accept/reject criteria based on signal amplitude thresholds has proved to be absolutely unreliable as regards truly quantitative information. A more realistic approach is required in the application of this inspection technique and in the design of the inspection equipment to ensure that there are fewer incidences of significant defects being missed. The following paper outlines some of the major considerations that need to be addressed in order to achieve reliable, fast and economical inspection of above-ground storage tank \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 26 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340782 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54944 NT54944\(10) Array-Based System for Monitoring Cracks in Industrial Plant at High Temperatures,\(20) Kirk, K.J. Cornwell, I. McNab, A. Cochran, A. Hayward, G.\(11) 01 Oct 1996\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, CRACKS, HIGH TEMPERATURE, FATIGUE CRACKS, MONITORING, ULTRASONICS.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,10; October 1996; 722-727; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) We have designed ultrasonic arrays to monitor fatigue cracks in steel components of industrial plant operating at temperatures up to 400 C, and developed an imaging algorithm to process the data. The crack monitoring system uses two monolithic arrays based on lithium niobate, a piezoelectric material which work at high temperatures. The transmitting arrays fires a steered beam and diffracted signals from flaws in the test subject are collected on individual elements of the receiver. Real fatigue cracks have been imaged at room temperature and the tips located to within 0.5 mm of their known positions. Side-drilled holes simulating flaws have been successfully identified from data collected at high temperatures. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 26 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340781 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54943 NT54943\(10) Split-Coil Eddy Current Technique for the Measurement of Annular Gaps,\(20) Bhole, V.M. Tripathi, U.N. Kumar, Arbind Kulkarni, P.G.\(11) 01 Oct 1996\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, INDIA, PRESSURIZED WATER REACTORS, NUCLEAR POWER, NUCLEAR REACTORS, EDDY CURRENT TEST, TUBES, PROBES.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,10; October 1996; 718-721. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Eddy current testing techniques have been used for the measurement of the gap between the pressure tube and calandria tube in coolant channel assemblies of a pressurized heavy water reactor. Standard rotating 'absolute' probes are generally used for the measurement of this gap, but with an absolute probe the eddy current signal is strongly dependent on the wall thickness of the pressure tube and is not linear for all gap values, particularly with gaps larger than 4 mm. A modified differential split-coil probe has been designed in the authors' laboratory which shows only a very small effect due to wall thickness variation of the pressure tube. Experimental results show an accuracy of +/- 0.6 mm, without measurement of the wall thickness. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 26 Dec 1996 Maintenance Date: 05 Feb 1997\(23) ADD340780 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54942 NT54942\(10) New Method for Quasi On-Line Eddy Current Signal Analysis: Wavelet Transform,\(20) Hamelin, J.I. D'Attellis, C.E. Mendonca, H. Ruch, M. \(11) 01 Oct 1996\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ARGENTINA, EDDY CURRENTS, SIGNAL ANALYSIS, WAVELETS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,10; October 1996; 715-717; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In this paper, a new method for the automatic analysis of eddy current impedance signals from the testing of tubes with differential probes is proposed. This method is based on the wavelet transform, the application being prompted by the fact that the quadrature components of the signals from the individual indications can be modelled by a function which satisfies the condition to be a wavelet. Initial laboratory work was carried out on standard tubes with graded defects. The method was then checked on tubes with real defects from a laboratory mock-up condenser. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 26 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340779 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54941 NT54941\(10) Detection and Quantification of Axial Cracks in Heat Exchanger Tubes, \(20) Alferink, R.G. Meier, E.J.\(11) 01 Oct 1996\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, NETHERLANDS, CRACK DETECTION, CRACKS, HEAT EXCHANGERS, TUBING, TUBES, AXIAL.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,10; October 1996; 711-714,717; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Eddy current inspection of heat exchanger tubes has been concerned mostly with the detection of gradual wall thinning and pitting. The detection, and in particular the quantification, of cracks is still difficult. In this paper, an evaluation of an inspection concerning cracks is given. The several stages of the inspection are: the detection of a leaking tube, the manufacturing of the calibration tubes, the limitations of the inspection, the inspection itself and the final evaluation of the removed tubes. It all showed that circumferential cracks can be detected and quantified, but that axial cracks can be detected and only quantified very roughly; that is whether they are larger or smaller than 40% of the wall thickness or are perforated. \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 26 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340778 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54940 NT54940\(10) Measurement of Oxide Layer Thickness on Zircalloy-4 Tubing,\(20) Ruch, M. Spinosa, C. Marengo, J.A. \(11) 01 Oct 1996\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ARGENTINA, PRESSURIZED WATER REACTORS, NUCLEAR POWER, OXIDES, TUBING, ZIRCALLOY, THICKNESS, MEASUREMENT.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,10; October 1996; 707-710; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper describes a project for the quantitative determination of oxide layer thickness on the inner surface of Zry-4 fuel channels. Expected thickness values ranged from 5 to 30 microns. Eddy currents lift-off measurements were proposed. Different probes were designed and constructed, a ferrite-cored horseshoe send/receive probe showing good sensitivity for the task. The calibration standard consists of a series of Zry-4 rings subjected a hydrothermal oxidization. A remotely commanded probe-positioning head was designed and constructed, with a protracting mechanism which could push the probes out, perpendicular to the tube axis, both for the lab measurements on the rings and for future in-situ inspections. Preliminary tests using a commercial eddy current equipment showed that its frequency stability was not good enough for the precise quantitative determinations underway. Consequently, a high-stability 4 MHz single-frequency excitation source was constructed for the transmitter coil. The signal induced in the receiver coil was then electrically conditioned and digitized into a 486 PC. Signal amplitude was analyzed and lift-off assessed through calibration curves constructed using micrometric displacements, a set of Mylar foils of different thicknesses and the oxidised rings. Good agreement between eddy current and SEM results was found for the rings. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 26 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340777 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54933 NT54933\(10) Time Resolved Shearographic and Thermographic NDE Methods for Graphite Epoxy/Honeycomb Composite, \(20) Spicer, James B. Champion, John L. Osiander, Robert Spicer, Jane W.\(11) 01 Oct 1996\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, GRAPHITE EPOXY, INFRARED, INTERFEROMETRY, OPTICAL SENSORS, THERMOGRAPHY.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Materials Evaluation; 54,10; October 1996; 1210-1213; 13 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Results are presented showing the application of both time resolved thermography and time resolved shearography to specimens of graphite epoxy/honeycomb composites containing delaminations. Of particular importance is the demonstration that the depth of a defect can be determined by measuring the time dependence of the shearographic fringe development during heating. Upon application of a noncontacting heating source, large thermoelastic deformation in the heated region occurs over delamination regions in a specimen. The bending stress in the material above the delamination decrease characteristically when the diffusing temperature field interacts with the delamination and the temperature gradient through the intact material decreases. As a result, both the presence of the delamination and its depth can be measured simultaneously. (Author). \(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) 04 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340770 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54932 NT54932\(10) 1993 Evaluation of Steel Ring Standards for Magnetic Particle Inspection, \(20) Bates, Bruce Hagemaier, Donald Petty, John Armstrong, Chuck \(11) 01 Oct 1996\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING, STEEL, REFERENCE STANDARD.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Materials Evaluation; 54,10; October 1996; 1207-1209; 2 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The Ketos ring standard manufactured from AISI Type 01 (.90 carbon) tool steel has become part of certain US magnetic particle standards such as MIL-STD-1949. The rings are used to verify system performance and for sensitivity evaluation for magnetic particle materials. Some controversy exists concerning the use of the steel ring as a reference standard for the following reasons: inconsistencies in hole detectability have been noted between various rings caused by differences in magnetic permeability as a result of variations in annealing; the use of magnetic particle indication evaluation for ring standard certification is subject to variations in particle concentration, sensitivity, and visual subjectivity; and the proposed introduction of new materials in the manufacture of ring standards. This report describes an evaluation of rings manufactured of different materials and different annealed states. A suggested method for qualifying a newly manufactured ring as a certified reference standard is also described. \(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) 04 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340769 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54931 NT54931\(10) Optical Interferometric Determination of In-Plane Residual Stresses in SiO2 Films on Silicon Substrates, \(20) Ghaffari, Kasey Wang, B. Danyluk, Steven Billone, M. Pharr, G. \(11) 01 Oct 1996\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, OPTICAL INTERFEROMETRY, RESIDUAL STRESS, FILMS, SILICON, SUBSTRATES.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Materials Evaluation; 54,10; October 1996; 1167-1170; 17 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Shadow moire interferometry was used to measure out-of-plane deflections in 100 mm (4 in.) diameter, 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) thick, (100) p-type silicon wafers that contained thin rf-sputtered SiO2 films deposited on one side of the wafer. These deflections were used to calculate in-plane residual stresses over a large spatial area of the wafers. Residual stress maps were produced from these measurements. The SiO2 film thicknesses ranged from 50 to 1600 nm (2 x .000001 to 6.4 x .00001 in.). Benchmark experiments on the silicon wafers without the silica films showed that the in-plane residual stresses are tensile and of the order of 3 MPa (0.45 ksi). The in-plane residual stresses in the films are compressive and range from approximately 50 GPa (7.5 x 1000 ksi) for the 50 nm (2 x .000001 in.) films to 1.2 GPa (180 ksi) for the 1600 nm (6.4 x .00001 in.). The film stress varied with thickness. (Author). \(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) 04 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340768 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54930 NT54930\(10) Remote Temperature Mapping of Enclosures with Hidden Surfaces: Initial Results, \(20) Thacher, Eric F. Craparo, Joseph C.\(11) 01 Oct 1996\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, INFRARED EQUIPMENT, SCANNING, RADIOMETERS, TEMPERATURE.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Materials Evaluation; 54,10; October 1996; 1161-1166; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The objective of this work is to develop a method for using an infrared scanning radiometer to map the temperature distribution in an enclosure when radiation from only a portion of the enclosure surface can be viewed, and a limited number of temperature measurements may be known. The radiation from the viewed surfaces contains radiation from the hidden surfaces as long as there is some path, albeit one of multiple reflections, connecting them. Mapping the surface temperature with this information (including possibly some temperature measurements) is an inverse problem. (Author).\(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) 04 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340767 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54929 NT54929\(10) Correlations Between Mode-II Fracture Toughness and Nondestructive Damping Measurements in Laminated Composite Materials, \(20) Zhao, Hui Gibson, Ronald F. \(11) 01 Oct 1996\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, COMPOSITE LAMINATES, DAMPING, FRACTURE TOUGHNESS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Materials Evaluation; 54,10; October 1996; 1154-1160; 30 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper shows that there is an interrelationship between fracture toughness and nondestructively measured vibration damping capacity of composite laminates under conditions often encountered in composite applications. Graphite/epoxy, E-glass/epoxy, and E-glass/PEI laminated composite materials having a wide range of interleaf thicknesses were studied. Epoxy interleaf material was inserted at the midplane of the graphite/epoxy and E-glass/epoxy beams, as was a PEI interleaf material in E-glass/PEI beam specimens. Mode-II interlaminar fracture toughness, G sub IIC, and flexural damping capacity (damping, loss factor, (eta)), were measured for specimens of various interleaf thicknesses. It is proposed that deformation zone constraint in the interleaf imposed by adjacent laminae contributes to the improvement of mode-II fracture toughness. It is also proposed that energy dissipation is the common factor linking the damping capacity and the fracture toughness. An analytical model relating the mode-II interlaminar fracture toughness and the damping loss factor is also presented in this paper. (Author). \(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) 04 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340766 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54928 NT54928\(10) Evaluation of Different Ultrasonic Probe Concepts for the Inspection of Claddings,\(20) Wustenberg, H. Erhard, A. Brekow, N.\(11) 01 Oct 1996\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, ULTRASONIC PROBES, CRACKS, CLADDING.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Materials Evaluation; 54,10; October 1996; 1077,1080,1082,1084,1086; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This article compares the response of various ultrasonic probes to cracklike indications in cladding and underclad cracks. One of the primary conclusions drawn would appear obvious, but is often overlooked. It is always important to evaluate performance of ultrasonic probes with reflectors as similar as possible to real indications, as performance characteristics of the probes can depend on the type of the reflectors. (Editor/Modified). \(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) 04 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340765 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54927 NT54927\(10) Magnetic Stripe Card: An Innovative Tool for Magnetic Particle Bath Control, \(20) Chedister, William C. \(11) 01 Oct 1996\(15) 2 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, MAGNETIC PARTICLES.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Materials Evaluation; 54,10; October 1996; 1072, 1074; 1 ref. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The author presents a procedure that can serve as a diagnostic tool for magnetic testing powders and baths. (Editor/NTIAC). \(24) Published by American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) 04 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340764 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54871 NT54871\(10) Monte Carlo Simulation of False Alarms and Detection Reliability in Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspection of Steel Tubes, \(20) Altschuler, Eduardo Pignotti, Alberto Paiuk, Jonas \(11) 01 Sep 1996\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ARGENTINA, CRACK DETECTION, RELIABILITY, MAGNETIC FLUX LEAKAGE, PIPING, STEEL, MONTE CARLO EFFECT.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Materials Evaluation; 54,9; September 1996; 1032-1034; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The same flaw gives rise to different signals when inspected by the same nondestructive testing (NDT) equipment under closely similar circumstances. A laboratory example involving six identical cracks is shown. This is a consequence of unavoidable fluctuations in the parameters that influence the detection process and is illustrated using a Monte Carlo simulation based on a numerical model of crack detection in steel pipes by magnetic flux leakage. The effects of these uncertainties on the fault detection reliability and on the appearance of false alarms are analyzed. The occurrence of Type I errors (lack of detection of unacceptable defects) and Type II errors (false alarms) is studied as a function of the detection threshold, and guidelines for improvising detection efficiency are suggested. (Author). \(24) Published by American Society of Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) 04 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340710 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54870 NT54870\(10) Isolating Tensile Failure Mechanisms in Fiberglass Epoxy from Acoustic Emission Signal Parameters,\(20) Kouvarakos, Michael Hill, Eric\(11) 01 Sep 1996\(15) 7 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, TENSILE TESTS, COMPOSITES, FAILURE MECHANISMS, FIBERGLASS, EPOXY.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Materials Evaluation; 54,9; September 1996; 1025-1031; 11 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Acoustic emission signal parameters were used to isolate the failure mechanisms in a 0 degree unidirectional, fiberglass epoxy tensile test specimen. Since several failure mechanisms were known to be present, the lack of any distinctly identifiable bands in the original amplitude distribution indicated that there was considerable overlap between the acoustic emission signals from the various failure mechanisms. In order to separate the amplitude bands associated with each mechanism, it was necessary to sort on the duration of the acoustic emission signal. Two additional plots, counts versus amplitude and hits versus counts, were used to verify that the amplitude distributions were comprised of a single predominant mechanism. A total of seven failure mechanisms were isolated from the original data set, all but two having a shape similar to that of a normal distribution. (Author).\(24) Published by American Society of Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) 04 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340709 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54869 NT54869\(10) Automated Magnetic Particle Testing, \(20) Pautz, John F. Abend, Klaus \(11) 01 Sep 1996\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION, CRACK DETECTION, AUTOMATION.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Materials Evaluation; 54,9; September 1996; 1004-1008; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) By using the automated techniques described in this article, magnetic particle inspection can achieve reproducible, 'calibrated' operation with complete on-line documentation. Such assurance of consistency raises the level of magnetic particle inspection accuracy and can be an important part of an ISO 9000 compliance system. (Author/Modified). \(24) Published by American Society of Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) 04 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340708 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54868 NT54868\(10) Improved Ultrasonic Testing of Railroad Rail for Transverse Discontinuities in the Rail Head Using Higher Order Rayleigh (M21) Waves, \(20) Grewal, Dilawar S.\(11) 01 Sep 1996\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 0025-5327, ULTRASONIC TESTING, RAYLEIGH WAVES, RAILROADS, RAIL, TRANSVERSE WAVES, DISCONTINUITY.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Materials Evaluation; 54,9; September 1996; 983-986; 16 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) In the past, surface guided waves have not been used extensively for NDT. This article describes a surface guided acoustic mode with several inherent characteristics that make it particularly useful for detecting subsurface transverse flaws in railroad rail. These flaws have been previously in the 'blind spot' of other ultrasonic NDT techniques. (Editor). \(24) Published by American Society of Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.\(9) 04 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340707 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54775 NT54775\(10) Non-Destructive Evaluation of Boiler Tubes by the Incremental Permeability Method,\(20) Grimberg, R. Savin, A. Leitoiu, S. Craus, M.L.\(11) 01 Sep 1996\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, ROMANIA, BOILERS, TUBING, PERMEABILITY, ELECTROMAGNETICS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,9; September 1996; 650-652,655; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Electromagnetic techniques of non-destructive investigation are sensitive to the chemical composition and microstructure of the controlled pieces. There are many attempts to use the electromagnetic investigation methods and an almost complete account of them was presented by Jiles. The purpose of this work consists in using the method of incremental permeability for finding the coercive force of boiler tube material and in correlating its value with the microstructure of the tubes and their residence time inside the boiler. (Author). \(24) Published by The British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 13 Nov 1996\(23) ADD340622 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54774 NT54774\(10) Ultrasonic Testing of Polymer Materials, \(20) Krstelj, V.\(11) 01 Sep 1996\(15) 5 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, CROATIA, ULTRASONIC TESTING, POLYMERS.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,9; September 1996; 640-644; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) This paper considers problems associated with extending the well-known ultrasonic techniques established and initially developed for testing primarily steel, metallic and other materials, to testing of materials based on polymers. Use of polymer materials in commercial and industrial application is expanding fast. One expects an even greater rate of growth over the next few years, as the use of new materials based on plastics is particularly important in construction. The application of construction plastics will continue to rise with the development and increased use of non-destructive testing to detect faults and reliably characterise the flaws. Nondestructive testing is cost-effective and hence has beneficial economical effects on quality assurance. We discuss the underlying sources of uncertainty in the application of ultrasonic testing and measurements on such materials. The experimental results and regression analysis correlating ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements with temperature for plastics are presented. We hope that the expansion of such studies will contribute to the improvement of testing procedures and the evaluation of specific defects that occur in plastic materials. (Author). \(24) Published by The British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 13 Nov 1996\(23) ADD340621 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54773 NT54773\(10) Gamma Radiography Utilising Selenium-75, \(20) Grimm, R. Kaftal, T.\(11) 01 Sep 1996\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, GAMMA RADIOGRAPHY, SELENIUM, PIPELINES.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,9; September 1996; 636-638; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) Weld inspection on oil and gas pipelines, pipe systems in chemical production plants, in shipbuilding and offshore constructions has always been one of the most important areas for gamma radiography. Gammagraphic inspection is performed either using portable gammagraphic equipment or, particularly in pipeline construction, self-propelled pipeline crawlers. These have been designed to travel inside the pipe from one weldment to the next and provide single-wall single image radiographs of the weldments. The use of isotopes used as radiation sources offers the advantage of independence from external energy supplies. In the past, gammagraphic weld inspection in the lower range of steel thicknesses has mainly been carried out with Ir-192 and Yb-169 isotope sources. The majority of applications has used Ir-192, because of the unfavourable parameters of Yb-169; however when used on low steel thicknesses there is a significant lack of contrast due to the comparatively high energies in the Ir-192 gamma ray spectrum. Recently, the isotope selenium-75 (Se-75) has been made available for NDT. The available Se-75 sources offer technical specifications as required by industrial applications and provide various advantages when compared with other radiation sources. Additionally, an isotope camera 'GAMMAMAT SE' and an isotope crawler camera to take advantage of the favourable physical properties of Se-75 have been designed and introduced. The crawler camera is fully compatible with GAMMAMAT M pipeline crawlers. (Author). \(24) Published by The British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 13 Nov 1996\(23) ADD340620 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54772 NT54772\(10) Digital Image Processing for the Interpretation of Radiographs Used for Condition Monitoring, \(20) Thale, W. Clausen, R. Just, T. \(11) 01 Sep 1996\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY, DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING, CONDITION MONITORING, RADIOGRAPHY, CRACKS, PIPES.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,9; September 1996; 632-635; 4 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) For the past two years, we have been using digital image processing techniques to look more closely at defect indications which are difficult to evaluate in radiographs of welds in austenitic stainless steel. This method offers the possibility of analysing radiographic indications, and, with the help of density profiles, of describing them quantitatively. The examples we describe concern linear indications in the root area (cracks, undercut and mismatch) of welds in thin wall, austenitic pipes (wall thickness 5 to 15 mm) which have been radiographed using X-rays and a double-wall technique. Because of the relatively large density differences which occur as a result of excess penetration and mismatches, the equipment used must have an adequately wide dynamic range. Furthermore, the evaluation of crack indications needs good spatial resolution and high-contrast sensitivity. The scanning system we use fulfills these requirements, having a spatial resolution of 35 microns and a grey-scale resolution of 12 bits (4096 grey levels). (Author). \(24) Published by The British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 13 Nov 1996\(23) ADD340619 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54771 NT54771\(10) Evaluation of Radiographic Techniques for Corrosion Detection in Aircraft Lap Joints, \(20) Birt, E.A.\(11) 01 Sep 1996\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, CORROSION DETECTION, AIRCRAFT, LAP JOINTS, X RAY RADIOGRAPHY, NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,9; September 1996; 626-631; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) X-ray and neutron radiography have been applied to the problem of corrosion detection in aircraft lap joints with some success. This paper compares the relative sensitivity of the two techniques for the detection of the corrosion product. The characteristic features present in a radiograph which may correspond to corrosion damage are described. Low-kV X-ray radiography (20 kV) appears to be the most promising radiographic technique for inspection of lap joints. The use of a medical X-ray film/screen combination, to provide fast exposure times even at low kV, was found to be adequate to image an area of known corrosion damage on a VC10 lap joint panel. (Author).\(24) Published by The British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 13 Nov 1996\(23) ADD340618 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54770 NT54770\(10) Automatic Recognition of Defects Inside Aluminium Ingots by X-Ray Imaging,\(20) Kaftandjian, V. Zhu, Y.M. Peix, G. Babot, D. \(11) 01 Sep 1996\(15) 8 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, FRANCE, DIGITAL RADIOSCOPY, ALUMINUM, X RAY IMAGING, INGOTS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,9; September 1996; 618-625; 8 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC).\(21) The present paper refers to the non-destructive testing of aluminium ingots by digital radioscopy while the ingots are moving. Internal defects are automatically detected and their type identified, while the object is moving. The defect recognition procedure consists of three steps: defect detection, feature extraction and recognition. The detection method is based on mathematical morphology. A study of the ingot production and of the defects forming allows one to model the defect types, and to gather as much a priori information as possible. The selected features for defect modeling are shape, orientation, width, contrast. The recognition method is based on an identification tree, of which inputs are the features, and outputs are the defect types. Once the objects are separated in shape, orientation and width families, a clustering of aligned and neighboring objects is performed, in such a way as to gather the objects that would have been disconnected by segmentation. Then, the features of the clustered objects are compared to those of the models, yielding the defect type identified. (Author). \(24) Published by The British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 13 Nov 1996\(23) ADD340617 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-55027 NT55027\(10) Acoustic Emission and Acousto-Ultrasonic Analysis of Impact Damaged Composite Pressure Vessels,\(20) Walker, James L. Workman, Gary L. \(11) 01 Aug 1996\(15) 102 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS, ACOUSTO-ULTRASONICS, FILAMENT WOUND, COMPOSITES, PRESSURE VESSELS, IMPACT DAMAGE.; \(27) na\(14) MICROFICHE\(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161. (Order No. N96-29210). Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC.\(21) The research presented herein summarizes the development of acoustic emission (AE) and acousto-ultrasonic (AU) techniques for the nondestructive evaluation of filament wound composite pressure vessels. Vessels fabricated from both graphite and Kevlar fibers with an epoxy matrix were examined prior to hydroburst using AU and during hydroburst using AE. A dead weight drop apparatus featuring both blunt and sharp indicator tips was utilized to produce a single known energy 'damage' level in each of the vessels so that the degree to which the effects of impact damage could be measured. The damage levels ranged from barely visible to obvious fiber breakage, matrix cracking and delamination. Independent neural network burst pressure prediction models were developed from a sample of each fiber/resin material system. Here, the cumulative AE amplitude distribution data collected from low level proof tests (25% of the expected burst for undamaged vessels) were used to measure the effects of the impact on the residual burst pressure of the vessels. The results of the AE/neural network model for the inert propellant filled graphite/epoxy vessels 'IM7/3501-6, IM7/977-2 and IM7/8553-45' demonstrated that burst pressures can be predicted from low level AE proof test data, yielding an average error of 5.0%. The trained network for the filled IM7/977-2 class vessels was able to predict the expected burst pressure of taller, unfilled, vessels (three times longer hoop region length) constructed on the same material and using the same manufacturing technique, with an average error of 4.9%. Burst pressure prediction models were also generated for both inert propellant filled and unfilled Kevlar/epoxy 'Kevlar 49/DPL862' vessels. (Author). \(24) Performed by University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 38599, for NASA Marshall Flight Center, AL 35812. \(9) 26 Dec 1996\(23) ADD340853 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54672 NT54672\(10) Theory and Application of Precision Ultrasonic Thickness Gauging, \(20) Fowler, K.A. Elfbaum, G.M. Smith, K.A. Nelligan, T.J.\(11) 01 Aug 1996\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, THICKNESS GAUGES, ULTRASONICS, MEASUREMENT.;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,8; August 1996; 572-587. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) - characterizing material thickness, integrity, or other physical properties by means of high-frequency sound waves - has become a widely used technique for quality control. In thickness gauging, ultrasonic techniques permit quick and reliable measurement of thickness without requiring access to both sides of a part. Accuracies as high as +/- 1 micron or +- 0.0001 inch are achievable in some applications. Most engineering materials can be measured ultrasonically, including metals, plastic, ceramics, composites, epoxies, and glass, as well as liquid levels and the thickness of certain biological specimens. On-line or in-process measurement of extruded plastics or rolled metal is often possible, as is measurement of single layers or coatings in multilayer materials. Modern hand-held gauges are simple to use and highly reliable. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 09 Oct 1996\(23) ADD340523 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54671 NT54671\(10) Vibration-Based Condition Monitoring - The Learning Issue,\(20) Hills, P.W.\(11) 01 Aug 1996\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, VIBRATION MONITORING, CONDITION MONITORING, TRAINING, PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION, CERTIFICATION.;\(27) na\(14) HARDCOPY \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,8; August 1996; 576-579; 7 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Any programme of work is people-dependent and condition-based maintenance is no exception. This paper addresses the importance of providing practical and appropriate training to industry on a continuous basis. A structured learning programme should cover the basics of which machines should be measured, what parameters, where to take the readings and how much vibration is too much. More advanced courses would cover the use of phase analysis, cross signal correlation and so on, applied to practical case studies. To complete the training, formal certification is essential to ensure a recognised standard is achieved. It follows that the financial benefits of a successful vibration-based condition monitoring programme will be readily gained. A multipronged effort is needed to establish a certification scheme. The educational establishment, equipment suppliers and professional bodies are well-placed to achieve this. The equivalent of the PCN scheme and/or NVQs is seen as a prime requirement to enable skills across the engineering spectrum to be measured and recognised. (Author). \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 09 Oct 1996\(23) ADD340522 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54670 NT54670\(10) Role of Inspection and Plant Monitoring in Assuring Safety of AGR Steam Plant,\(20) Wooldridge, A.B. \(11) 01 Aug 1996\(15) 6 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, CONDITION MONITORING, STEAM GENERATORS, POWER PLANTS, SAFETY.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,8; August 1996; 570-575; 6 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) This paper describes the strategy for assuring safety of AGR steam plant and for optimising plant lifetime. The strategy is based on assessment, periodic inspection and regular monitoring for steam leaks. The scope and nature of the inspections are determined by a comprehensive suite of inspection guidelines. Regular monitoring for steam leaks plays a complementary role to inspection during shutdowns, and in critical locations continuous steam leak detection systems may be installed. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 09 Oct 1996\(23) ADD340521 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54669 NT54669\(10) Investigation into the Transferability of Neural Networks for Condition Monitoring,\(20) Lowes, S. Shippen, J.\(11) 01 Aug 1996\(15) 4 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, CONDITION MONITORING, NEURAL NETWORKS, TRANSFER SYSTEMS, DEFECT DETECTION.,;\(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,8; August 1996; 566-569; 10 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) An investigation into the feasibility of transferring a neural network from one machine to another for fault detection is detailed within this paper. The procedure incorporates using frequency domain trends and indices determined from frequency spectra. The results indicate that the predictive accuracy of the neural network is high, therefore a neural network can be transferred with careful, pre-processing of data. (Author).\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 09 Oct 1996 Maintenance Date: 13 Nov 1996\(23) ADD340520 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54668 NT54668\(10) Production Benefits from a Vibration-Based Condition Monitoring Programme,\(20) Hills, P.W.\(11) 01 Aug 1996\(15) 3 Page(s) \(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, CONDITION MONITORING, VIBRATION MONITORING, TIRES, PRODUCTION CONTROL, MACHINERY, MANUFACTURING PLANTS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,8; August 1996; 563-565; 5 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Pirelli Tyres complemented its planned maintenance programme by installing a vibration-based condition monitoring system, with the objective of achieving zero breakdowns through Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). Successful condition monitoring relies on clear management policy, commitment of the user and expertise and support of the system's supplier. In addition, success at Pirelli was brought about by a logical and thorough installation of the programme. The capabilities of the equipment vendor's support services were maximized at the implementation stage to overcome a long learning curve. This achieves early positive results. This paper gives illustrations of effective machinery setup data, frequency alarm bands, analysis of vibration spectrum leading towards the early detection of a defective rolling element bearing. Plant failure was prevented with direct savings of 55,000 British Pounds. Machine availability was increased from 335 to 350 days, which constitutes a production of some 3M Pounds per annum. \(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 09 Oct 1996\(23) ADD340519 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin \(1) NT-54667 NT54667\(10) Practical Examples of Vibration Analysis Onboard Ships and on Offshore Structures,\(20) Thomas, B.H. \(11) 01 Aug 1996\(15) 11 Page(s)\(22) N--(U) ISSN 1354-2575, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, UK, OFFSHORE, SHIPS, VIBRATION ANALYSIS.; \(27) na\(14) JOURNAL ARTICLES \(12) NTIAC \(3) Unclassified \(5) 01 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 21 - JOURNAL ARTICLES ANNOUNCEMENT ONLY \(8) Availability: Published in Insight; 38,8; August 1996; 552-562; 16 refs. (Copies not available from NTIAC/DTIC). \(21) Most practical engineers have, at some time or another, experienced difficulty in determining the cause of a problem on a machine or structure. Consequently, the machines or structures have been dismantled for a more detailed examination to try and establish the reasons for the trouble. However, sometimes even detailed examination of the component parts has not revealed the nature of the problem. Vibration analysis techniques present an alternative method to stripping machines or structures unnecessarily, and the methods and instrumentation have been developed to allow the majority of machine and structural problems to be identified. This has led to on-site troubleshooting and inposition balancing for both the marine and offshore industries. Over the years, numerous specific problems on rotating machines, structures and pipework have been examined, and a selection of case histories, showing the measuring and analysing techniques which lead to the solution of a problem, are discussed in this paper.\(24) Published by British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 5AA, UK. \(9) 09 Oct 1996\(23) ADD340518 \(38) yes\(39) George Matzkanin